Louder (Murr)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lauter
upper course above the Winterlauter used to be: Sommerlauter
The louder at Sulzbacher Strasse in Wüstenrot-Neulautern

The louder at Sulzbacher Strasse in Wüstenrot-Neulautern

Data
Water code DE : 238382
location Swabian-Franconian forest mountains

Baden-Württemberg

River system Rhine
Drain over Murr  → Neckar  → Rhine  → North Sea
source northeast of Löwenstein- Hirrweiler on the western slope of the Horkenberg
49 ° 6 ′ 0 ″  N , 9 ° 25 ′ 48 ″  E
Source height approx.  477  m above sea level NHN
muzzle on the western edge of Sulzbach from the right and northwest in the Murr Coordinates: 48 ° 59 '53 "  N , 9 ° 29' 19"  E 48 ° 59 '53 "  N , 9 ° 29' 19"  E
Mouth height 260.5  m above sea level NHN
Height difference approx. 216.5 m
Bottom slope approx. 14 ‰
length 15.6 km
Catchment area 50.697 km²
Left tributaries Stangenbach , Buchenbach , Dentelbach , Siebersbach , other → tributaries
Right tributaries Senzenbach , Winterlauter , Marderbächle, other → tributaries

The Lauter is a right tributary of the Murr in Baden-Württemberg . It is over 15 km long and runs to its confluence with the Murrtal in the sparsely populated forest area of ​​the Löwenstein Mountains . It rises in the Heilbronn district and flows into the Rems-Murr district below Sulzbach an der Murr .

Surname

The proper name Lauter for watercourses is quite common and designates clear waters. To distinguish it from numerous other rivers of the same name, the Lauter discussed here is sometimes referred to as the Spiegelberger Lauter , after the largest village in the valley . Her name is included in the name of several places along its course: Altlautern , Neulautern , Lautertal, Eisenlautern, Lautern. The upper course up to the inflow of the much shorter Winterlauter was also called Summerlauter in the past .

geography

course

Headwaters near Hirrweiler (Enzwiese nature reserve)

The Lauter rises northeast of the Löwenstein district of Hirrweiler , near the junction of the K 2107 from the federal highway 39 . It does not have a prominent source, but feeds from a drainage ditch.

It initially flows in a south-south-west direction. Less than a kilometer below its headwaters, it becomes the municipal boundary between Löwenstein in the west and Wüstenrot in the east. About 3 kilometers below the origin, in front of the deserted Neuhütte in Joachimstal - that's what the Lautertal is called here - this border changes over to the right slope of the valley. From the right, the road 1066, which leads down from Löwenstein in the side valley of the Erlensklinge, reaches the floor of the valley basin and then accompanies the Lauter to the mouth of the river at Sulzbach an der Murr , which here turns southeast for the rest of its course.

A few hundred meters after Neuhütte, it flows past the hamlet of Altlautern, which is also part of Wüstenrot, and shortly afterwards the municipal boundary between Löwenstein in the west and Wüstenrot in the east approaches the watercourse again, all the way to Lohmühle. Below this, a corner of the town of Beilstein extends for a good half a kilometer to the right bank of the Lauter; The Neulauterner sports field is located on this large forest clearing. Subsequently, the Löwenstein community exclave, which consists of a lot of high-altitude forest and the Stocksberger Jagdhaus as the only settlement, borders almost on the right bank for a length of only 200 meters, before the stream enters the corridor island belonging to Wüstenrot around Neulautern . Neulautern is the first larger settlement on the bank after about 6 km of watercourse. From here on, the valley is used more by people, the edge of the forest now recedes into the valley slopes, but the floodplain remains narrow at first, hardly more than 150 m wide. South of the former Lautertal cigar factory , the Lauter changes to the Rems-Murr district, after another 2 km it arrives at Spiegelberg , the largest town in the entire valley.

Another 2 km further down the valley, at the hamlet of Bernhalden , the Lauter has dug its way into the softer layers of gypsum keuper, the valley is therefore noticeably wider and less steep, so that it forms floodplains in this section . Here it picks up the Winterlauter from the right and then flows for another 4 kilometers, past the small towns of Siebersbach and Lautern, to the southeast towards its confluence with the Murr, a little west of Sulzbach, where it has reached a length of over 15 km.

Catchment area

The catchment area of ​​the Lauter covers almost 51 km², lies entirely in the Löwenstein Mountains and accompanies the stream as a 4–5 km wide strip on its soon south-eastern course. In the east it is bounded by a line that runs approximately over the places Wüstenrot, Großhöchberg and Kleinhöchberg to Sulzbach, in the west its border runs between Kurzach and Nassach and along the road from Prevorst to the Löwenstein clinic. Numerous smaller streams crush it before they come to the Lauter, of which the Winterlauter is the longest. It comes from Nassach and flows from the right at Bernhalden.

On the upper reaches, several rivers compete with the Lauter, which mostly drain to the west or north, namely the Schozach , the Sulm and the Brettach in a clockwise direction ; the Fichtenberger Rot to the east. The catchment areas adjoining further down the valley all belong to bodies of water which, like the Lauter itself, flow into the Murr, the most important being that of the Bottwar in the west and that of the Fischbach in the east.

Tributaries

Hierarchical list of the tributaries from the source to the mouth. In the name position, makeshift designations are in brackets if no proper name was found.

Source of the Lauter northeast of Löwenstein- Hirrweiler on or near the Enzwiese.

  • (Flurbach from the Schollenklinge ), from the right and northwest to about 423  m above sea level. NHN southeast of Hirrweiler opposite the edge of the northern Lustheimer Forest , approx. 0.7 km and approx. 0.2 km². Arises at about 475  m above sea level. NHN near the B 39 in Hirrweiler. Inconsistent.
  • (Forest stream on the northeast edge of the Mühlmahd forest ), from the right and west-northwest to approx. 421.5  m above sea level. NHN right after the clearing island around Hirrweiler, 0.5 km and less than 0.3 km². Arises at something below 469  m above sea level. NHN approx. 0.4 km east of the water tower on the edge of the forest.
  • (Waldbach from Wüstenrot -Greuthof), from the left and east-northeast to about 401  m above sea level. NHN in front of Neuhütte in Joachimstal, 0.5 km and approx. 0.2 km². Arises at about 445  m above sea level. NHN west of the Teichstrasse from Wüstenrot-Greuthof in the forest.
  • (Bach through the Erlensklinge ), from the right and northeast to about 396  m above sea level. NHN at the foot of the valley climb of the Löwenstein– Neulautern section of the L 1066 , 2.0 km and approx. 1.2 km². Arises at about 473  m above sea level. NHN southeast of the Löwenstein Clinic in the Mühlmahd forest .
  • (Forest stream from the Diebsbrunnen ), from the right and west-southwest to about 390  m above sea level. NHN shortly before Wüstenrot-Altlautern, 1.7 km and approx. 1.4 km². Arises at about 460  m above sea level. NHN in Waldgewann Diebsbrunnen approx. 0.9 km northwest of Stocksberg .
    • (Bach from the Schelmenhölzle ), from the right and south-southeast to about 417.9  m above sea level. NHN northwest of Stocksberg opposite the Waldgewann Schweizerhof , 0.6 km and approx. 0.4 km². Arises at about 495  m above sea level. NHN a little west of Stocksberg.
  • (Waldklingenbach from the southern Lustheimer Forest ), from the left and northeast to about 385  m above sea level. NHN at shortly after Altlautern, 0.5 km and approx. 0.1 km². Arises at about 447  m above sea level. NHN southwest of Greuthof in the southern Lustheimer Wald .
  • Stangenbach , from the right and northeast to about 375  m above sea level. NHN near Wüstenrot-Lohmühle, 4.0 km and 4.6 km². Arises at about 500  m above sea level. NHN at the north foot of the Stangenberg between Wüstenrot-Spatzenhof and Wüstenrot.
    • (Inflows in the article)
  • (Waldklingenbach from the Gehrn ), from the right and west-southwest to about 374  m above sea level. NHN one hundred meters after the previous one in front of the valley sports ground, 1.4 km and about 0.9 km². Arises at about 485  m above sea level. NHN on the southern edge of Stocksberg.
    • (Waldklingenbach from the Senzenbürg ), from the right and southwest to about 388  m above sea level. NHN compared to the already open floodplain, 0.4 km and less than 0.1 km². Arises at about 365  m above sea level. NHN . Grenzbach between the city limits of Beilstein on the Stocksbnerkuppe on the left and the Löwensteiner Waldexklave on the right.
  • (Waldklingenbach am Schnitzersberg ), from the right and west-southwest to about 368  m above sea level. NHN little before Wüstenrot- Neulautern , 0.7 km and about 0.4 km². Arises at about 475  m above sea level. NHN on the northeast slope of the Stocksberg foothills Steinberg.
  • Buchenbach , from the left and northeast to about 356.8  m above sea level. NHN in Neulautern, 3.1 km and approx. 2.9 km². Arises at about 515  m above sea level. NHN south of Wüstenrot on the Steinberg there.
    • (Inflows in the article)
  • (Bach from the Hansenklinge ), from the right and west southwest a good fifty meters after the previous one in Neulautern, 0.9 km and about 0.5 km². Arises at about 470  m above sea level. NHN on the northern slope of the Aschenberg .
  • (Bach from the saddle of the Aschenberg ), from the right and west-southwest to a little over 350  m above sea level. NHN after the sewage treatment plant in Neulautern, approx. 0.5 km and approx. 0.2 km². Arises at about 450  m above sea level. NHN under the Kreuzbuche on the saddle between the two higher peaks of the Aschenberg.
  • Lauterwaldbach , from the left and northeast to a little under 350  m above sea level. NHN in front of Wüstenrot- Lautertal , 0.9 km and approx. 0.4 km². Arises at almost 480  m above sea level. NHN on the southern edge of the open height plain plain .
  • (Bach from the Tiefen Klinge ), from the right and west-southwest to below 345  m above sea level. NHN near Lautertal, 0.6 km and approx. 0.2 km². Arises below 480  m above sea level. NHN under the saddle between the two lower peaks of the Aschenberg.
    → At the mouth of the Lauter, the Mühlkanal leads to the Eisenlauterner Mühle on the right.
  • ← Return of the Mühlkanal to Eisenlauterner Mühle, from the right to below 330  m above sea level. NHN to Spiegelberg - Eisenlautern , 0.7 km and approx. 0.2 km².
  • Dentelbach , from the left and northeast to about 328  m above sea level. NHN between Eisenlautern and Spiegelberg, 3.4 km with the upper reaches of the name and 3.9 km with the longer Bodenbach and 4.3 km². Arises in the course of the name at about 485  m above sea level. NHN in the Tobel Gorge approx. 1.2 km north of Spiegelberg- Großhöchberg
    • (Inflows in the article)
  • (Stream through the alder blade ), flows from the left a few steps after the previous one, 1.1 km long.
  • Senzenbach , flows from the right in Spiegelberg at the confluence of Prevorster Strasse and Löwensteiner Strasse, 4.5 km long.
  • (Inflow), flows from the left at the bridge of the street Im Rain, 0.5 km long.
  • Gäbelesklingenbach , flows from the right in Spiegelberg a few steps southeast of the church, 0.9 km long.
  • Happenbach , flows from the left just above the Spiegelberg sewage treatment plant, 1.2 km long.
  • Lochklingenbach , flows from the right just below the Spiegelberg sewage treatment plant, 0.7 km long.
  • (Bach from Juxer Gerstenberg down), flows from the right at the confluence of the K 1817 into the L 1066, 0.5 km long.

Here, from the soon meandering Lauter, a very straight Mühlkanal branches off to the right, which runs about 500 m at the foot of the slope to Bernhalden.

  • (Bach from the Juxwald ), flows from the right about 500 m northeast of Oppenweiler- Bernhalden, 0.4 km long. (Community boundary stream)
  • (Stream from the parish fountain ), flows from the left about 200 m further down the valley, 0.3 km long.
  • Winterlauter , flows from the right at Bernhalden, 5.8 km long. The Lauter itself used to be called the Sommerlauter above the confluence .
  • Marderbächle , flows from the right about 500 m below Bernhalden, 1.4 km long.
  • Siebersbach , flows from the left at the village of the same name of Sulzbach an der Murr , 3.9 km long.
  • (Stream from the Waldgewann sinkhole ), flows from the right, 0.3 km long. (Only intermittently water-bearing.)
  • (Bach from the Schelmenklinge ), flows from the left, 1.2 km long. (Only intermittently water-bearing.)
  • (Stream from the Sauloch forest ), flows from the right, 0.5 km long. (On the TK25 only a canyon without a watercourse can be seen.)

About 200 m further down, a 500 m long Mühlkanal branches off to the right, which passes the Sulzbach-Lautern estate, Pappelstraße 19. It runs southwest parallel to this canal

  • Weilerbach , flows from the left after crossing Lautern, approx. 1.4 km long.
  • (Auengraben through the Rau district ), flows from the right, 0.6 km long.

Mouth of the Lauter to 15.2 km run from right in the Murr , about 1 km west-southwest of the village center of Sulzbach an der Murr .

geology

The sources of the Lauter are located on the Stubensandstein plateau ( Löwenstein Formation ) of the southwestern Löwenstein Mountains . Between Lohmühle and Buchenbach the valley floor reaches the Upper Bunten Marl ( Mainhardt Formation ), towards the end of Buchenbach the silica sandstone ( Hassberge Formation ). In the middle of Spiegelberg, after the inflow of the Senzenbach on the edge of the valley, the lower colored marls ( Steigerwald Formation ) set in, for example after the exit of the road to Dauernberg the reed sandstone ( Stuttgart formation ) in the Untertal and shortly afterwards the Gipskeuper at the inflow of the Winterlauter ( Grabfeld formation ), the Lauter flows into it. Especially on the right slope on the last section, large areas of Keuper material that has slipped from the upper slope are deposited .

On the left edge of the catchment area to the Fichtenberger Rot and to the last larger Murr tributary Seebach , a chain of Black Jurassic peaks accompanies the course, among them the largest elevations between the Löwenstein Mountains and the Mainhardt Forest . On these witness mountains lie layers deposited in the Hettangian and then in the Sinemurian , step-forming for the rather flat peaks are the Angulate Sandstone Formation and the Arietenkalk Formation . At the transition to the surrounding sandstone area there is usually a wide belt of marl ( Trossingen formation ). There are also some such layer islands on the western border of the catchment area, for example on the Juxkopf and particularly large areas on the Neubruch north of Nassach between the courses of the large right tributaries Senzenbach and Winterlauter.

history

From a geological point of view, the direction of the Lauter is one of many testimonies to the tapping of the Danubian river system by the Rhine and its tributaries. The Lauter strives in a south-easterly direction towards the receiving Murr and flows against its direction of flow, after which the drainage path (from the lower Murr and later the Neckar ) slowly turns to the right in the opposite direction and then runs roughly northwest towards the Rhine. 16 million years ago, the Lauter was still the headwaters of the Ur-Murr, which at that time, contrary to the current direction of flow, drained east to the Ur- Kocher and with this ultimately to the Danube. Due to the stronger erosion force of the Rhine, however, the Rhenish tapping of the Murr later took place and the direction of its flow was reversed. Other waters in the neighborhood, whose south-eastern direction of flow was originally oriented towards the Danube, are the Rot, Lein and Bibers .

Because the valley is narrow and its soil is of little use for agriculture , the Lautertal remained uninhabited for a long time. This is also evident in the river name, which, unlike the older, Celtic names of Murr and Neckar, comes from Old High German . When settling the Lautertal, the aim was mostly to use the raw materials available in the forest: rafting , glassworks and, occasionally, mining were the livelihoods here.

Altlautern and Neulautern were laid out from the north, the area was in the hands of the Counts of Löwenstein until 1504 , before it came to Württemberg . The Altlautern glassworks was first mentioned in 1488, and in 1530 the company moved to Neulautern, which was also called Glaslautern for a while . The glassworks there was in operation until 1822. In 1699 another one was built on the Juxkopf , which was supplied from the forest there. As early as 1705, however, a mirror factory was operated instead in Lautertal, the nucleus of the Spiegelberg village. In 1720, the "Neue Hütte" was built in the Joachimstal as a branch of the Spiegelberger Hütte .

Several quarries and mines have been operated around the Lautertal in the past centuries; near Eisenlautern, north of Spiegelberg, an abandoned quarry can still be seen today. Sand extraction from parlor sandstone was significant for a long time . In the 19th century, up to 100,000 whetstones were won annually in the whetstone cave near Jux , which were widely used under the name Juxer whetstone . The tunnel was closed in 1911 and can be visited today. The “silver rush” at the end of the 18th century was spectacular, but short-lived. After alleged silver finds near Wüstenrot, several silver mines were established in the Swabian-Franconian Forest, of which the silver tunnels can still be seen in the Lauter area in the Pfaffenklinge west of Wüstenrot and at the origin of the Silberbach south of Neulautern. However, the hopes for precious metal turned out to be deceptive, and the mines were abandoned after major losses.

From the 15th to the 19th century, wood was floated on the Murr, and tributaries such as the Lauter were also prepared by creating numerous swell ponds and drifting lakes, of which none are left today.

Todays use

traffic

The longest part of the river, between Neuhütte / Altlautern and Sulzbach, is accompanied by state road 1066, which is part of the Idyllic Road . The road connects the Weinsberger Tal with the upper Murrtal in a short distance, but is only of some importance for regional traffic.

State of development

For flood protection and especially for the construction of the road, the Lauter was regulated in the narrow section of the valley above Bernhalden, as well as in the last section shortly before the confluence. In the wider valley section in between, the Lauter meanders quite freely. According to the 2004 water structure quality map, these sections fall into classes III (“significantly changed”) and I (“unchanged to slightly changed”).

The Lauter is a second-order body of water , which is why the neighboring communities are responsible for its maintenance; its confluence with the Murr makes the latter a first-order body of water.

natural reserve

The Lauter lies along its entire length in the Swabian-Franconian Forest Nature Park . The headwaters east of Hirrweiler belong to the 6.9 hectare nature reserve Enzwiese . This meadow, habitat of some rare plant species, is the remnant of a former reservoir and was placed under protection in 1997. A large section of the valley from Hirrweiler to about Siebersbach is - with the exception of the populated areas - under landscape protection. This large-scale landscape conservation area Spiegelberger Lautertal with side valleys and adjacent areas including on 1,795 hectares next to the floodplain of the Lauter, the valley slopes, the lower reaches of some side valleys and large areas around the Spiegelberger districts Jux and Nassach.

With the Bodenbachschlucht nature reserve , a blade in the Stubensandstein east of Vorderbüchelberg (since 1979, 8.6 ha), there is another nature reserve in the catchment area of ​​the Lauter.

The 2004 water report classifies the entire course of the river as “slightly polluted” ( quality class  I-II).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wolf-Dieter Sick : Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 162 Rothenburg o. D. Deaf. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1962. →  Online map (PDF; 4.7 MB)
  2. ↑ According to the contour line image on the geodata viewer.
  3. ↑ Text entry in blue at the mouth on the geodata viewer.
  4. ^ Length according to the water network layer on: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( information ).
  5. ↑ Catchment area as the sum of the sub-catchment areas according to the basic catchment area layer on: Landesanstalt für Umwelt Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( notes ).
  6. ↑ See AHL in the “Literature” section.
  7. ↑ Geology according to the geological map mentioned under →  Literature . In a noticeably coarser resolution also on the online map server of the State Office for Geology, Raw Materials and Mining (LGRB), see the →  web links .
  8. ↑ Hermann Reinhardt: The history of the river Murr . In: Backnanger yearbook . tape 9 , 2001, ISBN 3-927713-31-7 , pp. 39-54 .
  9. ^ Marianne Hasenmayer: The glassworks in the Mainhardter forest and in the Löwensteiner mountains . In: Schwäbischer Albverein (Ed.): Nature - Home - Hiking. Swabian-Franconian Forest Nature Park . 4th edition. 2006, ISBN 3-8062-2033-6 , pp. 108-128 .
  10. ↑ Geotopes in the Stuttgart region - report by the State Institute for Environmental Protection Baden-Württemberg, No. 6.9.115  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / xfaweb.baden-wuerttemberg.de  
  11. ^ Rudolf Gerke, Siegfried Häfele: Mining in the Swabian-Franconian Forest . In: Schwäbischer Albverein (Ed.): Nature - Home - Hiking. Swabian-Franconian Forest Nature Park . 4th edition. 2006, ISBN 3-8062-2033-6 , pp. 100-107 .
  12. ^ Siegfried Häfele: The rafting on the Murr . In: Schwäbischer Albverein (Ed.): Nature - Home - Hiking. Swabian-Franconian Forest Nature Park . 4th edition. 2006, ISBN 3-8062-2033-6 , pp. 135-136 .
  13. ↑ Water structure quality map in the Rems-Murr-Kreis  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.rems-murr-kreis.de  
  14. ↑ Water Act for Baden-Württemberg in the version of January 20, 2005  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.drs.baden-wuerttemberg.de  
  15. ↑ State Office for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation - Protected Areas Directory ( Memento of the original from July 29, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lubw.baden-wuerttemberg.de
  16. ↑ Water quality map Baden-Württemberg 2004 ( Memento from September 16, 2008 in the Internet Archive )

literature

  • "TK25": Topographic map 1: 25,000 Baden-Württemberg, sheet no. 6822 Obersulm, no. 6922 Wüstenrot and no. 7022 Backnang
  • "AHL": General hydrographic lexicon of all streams and rivers in Upper and Lower Germany . Bey Stoks sel. Erben u. Schilling, Frankfurt am Mayn 1743, p. 282 ( p. 282 in Google Book Search).
  • Geological map of the Swabian-Franconian Forest Nature Park 1: 50,000, published by the State Office for Geology, Raw Materials and Mining Baden-Württemberg, Freiburg i. Br. 2001.

Web links

Commons : Louder  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files