Sphagnum centrale
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Sphagnum centrale |
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| CEO Jensen |
Sphagnum centrale is apeat moss belongingto the Sphagnum sectionand is called “centered peat moss” and also “two-colored peat moss” in German-speaking regions.
features
Sphagnum centrale is a medium-sized species of peat moss that forms rather loose lawns and low hills. The heads occur more frequently in free-growth forms. In general, the plants are never deep green, but rather pale in color. In the case of shadowy forms of growth you can see the pale green shade, on the other hand, in free-growth forms, the pale, but sometimes strong yellowish color appears. Occasionally there is also a slight pink shade.
The trunk is light brown to brown in color. Its epidermis or hyalodermis is provided with strong, clearly visible wall-reinforcing spiral fibers and has two or more pores per cell; in contrast, there are no wall-reinforcing fibers on the inner cell walls.
The stem leaves are up to 1.2–2.2 mm × 0.8–1 mm in size and can be fibrous.
Sphagnum centrale has elongated, tapering branches, which are provided with leaflets that protrude or are arranged like roof tiles. They attach to the trunk in clusters of branches with 2 protruding and 1–2 hanging branches.
The branch trunks often have large, round pores on the surface.
The egg-shaped branch leaves are fibrous and reach dimensions of up to 1.7 × 1.5 mm. The hyaline cells lie on the convex upper side and have elliptical to rarely round pores. The chlorophyll cells are oval to weakly elliptical. They show up in a centered position with the help of the branch cross-section in the cell structure.
There is a risk of confusion with other peat mosses with Sphagnum palustre - additionally due to the similar design of the lawn. A clear distinction can only be made through the leaf cross-section and the centered position of the chlorocytes which can be seen there. Another very similar species is Sphagnum alaskensis . Their distribution area is also in northern areas of North America.
Gender orientation
Sphagnum centrale is dioecious . The capsules have inconspicuous pseudostomata and ripen in late summer. The spores are 23 to 30 µm in size; the surface is slightly rough to smooth and the Laesura is located near the surface.
Systematics
The "centered peat moss" Sphagnum centrale is a species of peat moss from the family Sphagnaceae, the monogeneric genus of the peat moss Sphagnum and its section Sphagnum .
Distribution and location
Sphagnum centrale is a boreal type of peat moss that occurs scattered in forest swamps at higher elevations or in intermediate moors. Their distribution area is in Eurasia, Australia, New Zealand and northern America including Greenland. It is also found growing with Girgensohn's peat moss ( Sphagnum girgensohnii ).
Hazards and protective measures
Sphagnum centrale is endangered by the destruction of habitats. From a global perspective, the International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN does not include it in its Red List of Endangered Species , but it does in some European countries. In the Federal Republic of Germany, the state of Thuringia assumes that this peat moss species is endangered, even if the endangerment status is not known. Switzerland has Sphagnum centrale in its national Red List of Threatened Species as not at risk (“LC”).
As a countermeasure at European level, the Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive (FFH Directive for short) grants protection measures for the species and for all peat mosses , which can regulate extraction or use (Annex V) and prescribe the establishment of protected areas (Appendix I). According to German federal law, the species - again like all peat moss - is listed in Appendix 1 of the Federal Species Protection Ordinance - BArtSchV for short - and thus placed under special protection.
literature
- Jan-Peter Frahm , Wolfgang Frey : Moosflora (= UTB . 1250). 4th, revised and expanded edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8252-1250-5 .
Web links
- Sphagnum centrale. In: Flora of North America. eFloras.org, accessed on May 14, 2010 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ "Centered Peat Moss" in "Species Protection in the Federal Nature Conservation Act" or a list of the species currently occurring in Baden-Württemberg in Annexes II, IV and V of the Habitats Directive. (No longer available online.) State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg, September 30, 2006, archived from the original on November 3, 2013 ; Retrieved May 13, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ "Two-colored peat moss" in ARTeFAKT types and facts. In: Red Lists and Protection Regulations. Rhineland-Palatinate - State Office for the Environment; Water management and trade inspection, accessed May 13, 2010 .
- ↑ Sphagnum girgensohnii . with reference to Sphagnum centrale . In: Flora of North America. eFloras.org, accessed October 11, 2010 .
- ↑ Lists of particularly protected plant and fungus species in Thuringia. (No longer available online.) Free State of Thuringia State Institute for Environment and Geology, archived from the original on November 3, 2013 ; Retrieved November 1, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Red List of Endangered Species in Switzerland / Mosses. Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, 2004, accessed on May 13, 2010 (search for Sphagnum centrale in PDF document).
- ↑ List of the species occurring in Germany in Annexes II, IV, V of the Habitats Directive (92/43 / EEC). (PDF 5.17KB) Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, March 29, 2010, accessed on May 13, 2010 .
- ↑ Directive 92/43 / EEC (Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive) in the consolidated version of January 1, 2007 , accessed on May 13, 2010
- ↑ Federal Species Protection Ordinance of the Federal Republic of Germany (BArtSchV). Federal Ministry of Justice, accessed on May 13, 2010 .
