Sphagnum sect. Acutifolia

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Sphagnum sect. Acutifolia
Reddish peat moss (Sphagnum rubellum), a species of the Acutifolia section

Reddish peat moss ( Sphagnum rubellum ), a species of the Acutifolia section

Systematics
Subdivision : Sphagnophytina
Class : Sphagnopsida
Order : Sphagnales
Family : Sphagnaceae
Genre : Peat Moss ( Sphagnum )
Section : Sphagnum sect. Acutifolia
Scientific name
Sphagnum sect. Acutifolia
Wilson

The section Acutifolia ( Sphagnum sect. Acutifolia ) is part of the genus of peat moss ( Sphagnum ). The species of the Acutifolia section are distributed worldwide except in the Antarctic . In the tropics , it is mainly mountainous regions that are populated.

description

Appearance, trunk, branch and leaves

The species of the Acutifolia section are peat mosses of small to normal size and rarely more developed. The heads, also called terminal buds, are shaped differently; the color varies from green to brown and pink to red. Branch and stem leaves are usually shaped differently.

The green, red or brown trunks have a two- to four-layer epidermis with fibril-free , smooth, thin-walled hyalocytes , which usually have no pores and rarely have pores in some species.

The upright, triangular to tongue-spatulate stem leaves are similar in size to the branch leaves. The leaf margin is entire and fringed in one species. The leaf tip varies from entire and pointed to a slit leaf edge with a very broad tip. The rhombus-like to S-shaped hyalocytes are smooth and can be equipped with fibrils. They have no pores or, in some species, have pores that are either undivided or one to two-part and are mostly resorbed on the inner surface, but are completely present on the outer surface.

The branches in fascicle-like or whorl-like tufts are twofold insofar as the two (rarely three) spreading branches are usually longer and thicker than the one or two hanging branches. The green branch trunks are surrounded by a layer of single or in groups standing, fibrillated, single-pore hyalocytes, which are smooth and thin-walled with a U-shaped outline and more or less distinct appendages.

The ovate to ovate-lanceolate branch leaves are all-margined except for one type with a serrated leaf margin and curled towards the tip. The smooth, fibril-free hyalocytes have round to elliptical pores on the convex underside of the leaf along the cell walls on the chlorocytes. On the concave upper side of the leaf, they are less numerous, round, larger and mostly free. The cross-section triangular to trapezoidal chlorocytes are more prominent on the concave upper side of the leaf; the end walls are not reinforced.

Sex orientation, capsule and spurs

The species of the Acutifolia section are usually dioecious , but occasionally also monoecious . The spherical capsules , measuring two millimeters or just less, have few to many pseudopores. The spores , which are coarse to fine-grained on both sides, can have excesses and usually measure less than 30 micrometers. The Laesura facing towards the base typically reaches less than or half the spore diameter.

Systematics

The section Acutifolia in the genus Sphagnum was established in 1855 by William Wilson in Bryologia Britannicae , page 20. Synonyms for Acutifolia are Sphagnum sect. Acisphagnum A.L. Andrews , Sphagnum sect. Acuta Lesq. & James , Sphagnum sect. Fimbriata Szafran , Sphagnum sect. Litophloea Russow , Sphagnum sect. Longifolia Szafran , Sphagnum sect. Mollia chimp. , Sphagnum sect. Pyncnosphagnum garbage . Hal . and Sphagnum sect. Truncata Husn.

Fringed peat moss ( Sphagnum fimbriatum )
Brown peat moss ( Sphagnum fuscum )
Girgensohn's peat moss ( Sphagnum girgensohnii )

About sixty species are listed within the Acutifolia section (a selection below):

  • Sphagnum andersonianum R.E. Andrus : Home is Europe and North America .
  • Sphagnum angermanicum Melin (Syn .: Sphagnum nemoreum var. Angermanicum ( Melin ) Rønning ): The home is Europe and North America.
  • Sphagnum arcticum Flatberg & Frisvoll : The home is Eurasia and North America.
  • Sphagnum bartlettianum Warnst. (Syn .: Sphagnum bartlettianum var. Roseum Warnst. ): The home is Europe and North America.
  • Sphagnum beothuk R.E.Andrus : The homeland is northeastern Canada .
  • Sphagnum bergianum R.E.Andrus : The home is in northeastern Canada and Alaska .
  • Grove peat moss ( Sphagnum capillifolium ( Ehrh. ) Hedw. , Syn .: Sphagnum acutifolium Ehrh. Ex Schrad. , Sphagnum capillaceum ( Weiss ) cabinet , Sphagnum capillifolium var. Viride Jenn. , Sphagnum margaritae H.A. Crum , Sphagnum nemoreum Scop. Nom. dub., Sphagnum palustre var. and ssp. capillifolium Ehrh. ): The main distribution area is in Eurasia and North America.
  • Fringed peat moss ( Sphagnum fimbriatum Wilson & Hook. ): The global distribution extends from Eurasia, North America and South America as well as southern Africa and New Zealand to various Pacific islands of the Antarctic flora .
  • Sphagnum flavicomans ( Cardot ) Warnst. (Syn .: Sphagnum acutifolium var. Flavicomans Cardot , Sphagnum plumulosum var. Flavicomans ( Cardot ) ALAndrews , Sphagnum subnitens var. Flavicomans ( Cardot ) Warnst. , Sphagnum subnitens var. Obscurum Warnst. , Sphagnum subnitens var . ): DievirideHome is North America.
  • Brown peat moss ( Sphagnum fuscum ( Schimp. ) H. Klinggr. , Syn .: Sphagnum acutifolium var. Fuscum Schimp. , Sphagnum tenuifolium Warnst. , Sphagnum vancouveriense Warnst. ): The home is in Eurasia and North America.
  • Girgensohn's peat moss or Girgensohn's peat moss ( Sphagnum girgensohnii Russow , Syn .: Sphagnum mehneri Warnst. ): The home is Eurasia and North America.
  • Sphagnum junghuhnianum Dozy & Molk. (Syn .: Sphagnum junghuhnianum subsp. Pseudomolle ( Warnst. ) H. Suzuki ; Sphagnum pseudomolle Warnst. ): The home is on the western Canadian Queen Charlotte Islands and in eastern Asia .
  • Soft peat moss ( Sphagnum molle Sull. , Syn .: Sphagnum labradorense Warnst. , Sphagnum tabulare Sull. ): The home is Eurasia and North America and possibly East Asia .
  • Five-line peat moss ( Sphagnum quinquefarium ( Lindb. Ex Braithw. ) Warnst. , Syn .: Sphagnum acutifolium Schrad. Var. Quinquefarium Lindb. In Braithw. , Sphagnum plumulosum Röll var. Quinquefarium ( Lindb. ) Röll , Sphagnum schofield ) ii : Die .A.Crum Home is Eurasia and North America.
  • Reddish peat moss ( sphagnum rubellum Wilson , Syn .: Sphagnum acutifolium . Var tenellum Schimper ; Sphagnum capillaceum var. Tenellum ( Schimper ) ALAndrews and Sphagnum capillifolium var. Tenellum ( Schimper ) HACrum ): The home is Eurasian and North America.
  • Sphagnum rubiginosum Flatberg : Home is Europe and North America.
  • Russow peat moss ( Sphagnum russowii Warnst. , Syn .: Sphagnum acutifolium Schrad. Var. Robustum Russow , Sphagnum robustum ( Warnst. ) Röll ): Home is Europe, East Asia and North America.
  • Sphagnum sitchense R.E.Andrus : Home is Alaska.
  • Sphagnum subfulvum Sjörs (Syn .: Sphagnum nitidum Warnst. ): The home is Eurasia and North America.
  • Gloss peat moss ( Sphagnum subnitens Russow & Warnst. , Syn .: Sphagnum acutifolium Schrad. Var. Plumosum Mild. , Sphagnum plumulosum Röll ): Home is Eurasia, North America and South America, North Africa and New Zealand.
  • Sphagnum subtle ( Russow ) Warnst. (Syn. Sphagnum acutifolium var. Subtile Russow , Sphagnum nemoreum var. Subtile ( Russow ) Nyholm ): The home is Europe and North America.
  • Sphagnum talbotianum R.E. Andrus : The home is Alaska.
  • Warnstorf's peat moss ( Sphagnum warnstorfii Russow , Syn .: Sphagnum warnstorfianum Du Rietz ): The home is Eurasia and North America.
  • Sphagnum wilfii H.A.Crum : It is native to British Columbia in western Canadaand Alaska in the USA.

literature

  • Jan-Peter Frahm , Wolfgang Frey : Moosflora (= UTB . 1250). 4th, revised and expanded edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8252-1250-5 , pp. 161-164.
  • Cyrus B. McQueen, Richard E. Andrus: Bryophytes: Mosses, part 1 . Sphagnaceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America . tape 27 . Oxford University Press, New York 2007, ISBN 978-0-19-531823-4 , 1i. Sphagnum sect. Acutifolia Wilson, S. 85 ( efloras.org - section description and distribution; English).
  • Li Xing-jiang and Si He: Sphagnaceae-Leucobryaceae . Sphagnaceae. In: Chien Gao; Marshall R Crosby; Si He; Chinese academy of sciences .; ua (Ed.): Moss Flora of China . tape 1 . Science Press et al. a., St.Louis u. a. 1999, ISBN 0-915279-72-X , Sphagnum , p. 3 ( efloras.org - source relevant with regard to the use of the information on the species specified here; English).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Cyrus B. McQueen, Richard E. Andrus: Bryophytes: Mosses, part 1 . Sphagnaceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America . tape 27 . Oxford University Press, New York 2007, ISBN 978-0-19-531823-4 , 1i. Sphagnum Linnaeus, S. 3 f., 6, 9 ff., 15 f., 19 ff., 26 ff., 32 f . ( efloras.org - Section Keys to the Sections; English).