Sphagnum subnitens
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Sphagnum subnitens - herbarium specimen |
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| Russow & Warnst. |
Sphagnum subnitens is a peat moss , whichis assigned tothe genus Sphagnum and belongs to the division of the mosses (Bryophyta). It is called gloss peat moss , glossy peat moss and shimmering peat moss or spring peat moss in the German-speaking area.
description
features
Sphagnum subnitens is a relatively strong peat moss with the usual size, which increases slightly in shady areas, and greenish, yellowish, brownish to reddish and purple hues. It forms loose cushions and when dry shows a clearly metallic sheen.
The three to four-layered stems are brown or purple in color. The fibrillated epidermis is smooth.
The triangular to triangular-tongue-shaped, 1.2 to 1.7 millimeter long stem leaves have a pointed to sometimes pointed tip and upwardly rolled leaf edges. The narrow leaf border is most developed at the base with less than a quarter of the leaf width. The hexagonal-rhomboidal, either undivided or simply, rarely doubly divided, stem-leaf hyalocytes are mostly free of fibrils and pores .
The branches attached to the trunk, in fascicle-like or whorl- like tufts with two protruding and one or two hanging branches, have screw-like leaves. The ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.3 to 2.7 millimeters long and concave in cross-section, branch leaves run straight; the entire margins of the leaf are rolled up towards the tip of the leaf. The hyalocytes of the convex surface have two to six large, narrow-elliptical to round pores along the cell walls on the chlorocytes . The concave surface has one to four large, round pores per cell only near the leaf base. The chlorocytes of the branch leaves are triangular to trapezoidal in cross section and are clearly visible on both surfaces.
Sexual characteristics
Sphagnum subnitens is sexually monoecious (monoecious). Sporophytes are common; the spore capsules ripen in early summer. The spores of Sphagnum subnitens measuring 22 to 32 microns. On the proximal surface they are provided with fine to unevenly coarse-blackened growths and on the distal surface with unevenly coarse-blackened growths . The Laesura lying towards the base measures less than half the radius of the spores.
Morphologically similar peat moss species
Sphagnum subnitens can be confused with the less robust grove peat moss ( Sphagnum capillifolium ). In contrast to the almost cap-shaped tips and the lack of metallic sheen of Sphagnum capillifolium when dry, the pointed tips of the stem are clear distinguishing features. There is also a risk of confusion with purple forms of Sphagnum subfulvum ; however, the tint of this species tends more clearly to purple than to red. Here, too, the pointed stem tip of Sphagnum subnitens is a distinguishing feature.
Occurrence and distribution
Sphagnum subnitens is common in polar , temperate, and subtropical climates . It is found on the American continent from Alaska to California and inhabits the Eurasian continent Europe with, for example, Germany , Austria and areas south to northern Africa and the Macaronesia archipelago ; further areas of the Antarctic flora kingdom with New Zealand . It often grows in loose cushions in near-ocean, weakly to moderately minerotrophic , acidic to alkaline bogs with pH ranges from 3.4 to 7.5, in sedge beds and alder breaks at low to moderate altitudes .
Systematics
Sphagnum subnitens was founded in 1888 in negotiations by the Botanical Association of the Province of Brandenburg and the neighboring countries. Berlin, Volume 30, page 115, in Table 3, Fig. 9, Table 4, Fig. 22-23 firstdescribed . It is in the Acutifolia section of the genus Sphagnum within the monogeneric family Sphagnaceae. Among others, Sphagnum plumulosum Röll is mentioned as a synonym .
Hazardous situation and protective measures
Sphagnum subnitens is given endangerment categories in the national red list of endangered species in Germany and some of its countries. The Switzerland lists the species as endangered. For reasons of protection, the European Union , its member states and Switzerland have adopted regulations on the level of the peat moss species.
literature
- Jan-Peter Frahm, Wolfgang Frey, J. Döring: Moosflora (= UTB 1250 ). 4th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-2772-5 , Bryophytina, Laubmoose, p. 161–164 ( Sphagnum subnitens in section Acutifolia (in key, chapter 9 and in Fig. 38/10)).
- Cyrus B. McQueen, Richard E. Andrus: Bryophytes: Mosses, part 1 . Sphagnaceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America . tape 27 . Oxford University Press, New York 2007, ISBN 978-0-19-531823-4 , 84.Sphagnum subnitens Russow & Warnstorf, pp. 98 (English, efloras.org [accessed on May 15, 2011] section description and distribution).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Online query for Sphagnum subnitens Russow & Warnst. in the red list of endangered species in Germany and its federal states. science4you, accessed on May 16, 2011 .
- ↑ a b c d e Sphagnum subnitens (feather peat moss). In: Korseby Online - Sphagnaceae. Retrieved May 16, 2011 .
- ^ A b Ludwig opinion, Wiebke Schröder: gloss peat moss Sphagnum subnitens. Retrieved on May 20, 2011 (website based on information from the distribution atlas of Germany's mosses as of 2007).
- ^ Eva Maria Temsch: Peat moss for beginners and professionals. In: Homepage of a botanist. Retrieved October 13, 2011 ( Sphagnum arten in Austria with Sphagnum subnitens ).
- ^ Sphagnum subnitens . Distribution map (GBIF observations). European Environment Agency, accessed May 16, 2011 .
- ↑ a b Klaus Weddeling, Gerhard Ludwig: 2. The mosses (Bryophyta, Marchantiophyta, Anthocerophyta) of the FHH guideline . Section 2.14 / Code 1409 / Appendix V: Sphagnum L. In: Bundesamt f. Naturschutz Bonn (Hrsg.): Series of publications for landscape management and nature conservation issue 69 (1) . The European system of protected areas Natura 2000 - ecology and distribution of species of the Habitats Directive in Germany. tape 1 : Plants and Invertebrates . Münster (Landwirtschaftsverlag), 2003, ISBN 978-3-7843-3617-6 , p. 744 ( weddeling.info [PDF; 55 kB ; accessed on May 19, 2011] p. 311: Information on Sphagnum subnitens ).
