Sphagnum capillifolium

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Sphagnum capillifolium
Grove peat moss

Grove peat moss

Systematics
Class : Sphagnopsida
Order : Sphagnales
Family : Sphagnaceae
Genre : Peat Moss ( Sphagnum )
Section : Sphagnum sect. Acutifolia
Type : Sphagnum capillifolium
Scientific name
Sphagnum capillifolium
( Hon. ) Hedw.

Sphagnum capillifolium is a peat moss that isassigned to the Acutifolia section of the genus Sphagnum and belongs to the deciduous moss . In German-speaking regions, this species is known as grove peat moss, also known as pointed peat moss or hairy peat moss.

description

features

The plants of Sphagnum capillifolium are variable in size and color. They are rather small or up to moderate in size, show a compact to fairly slim structure and stand upright. This type of peat moss forms loose to dense lawns with a piebald expression, as the plants vary in color from greenish in shady areas to yellowish to purple-reddish in exposed areas. Typical is the somewhat rounded, plump head of the plants and the lack of metallic sheen when dry.

The stems are green to red in color. The final tissue consists of four layers, with the hyaline cells having thin walls and no fibrils and pores . The central cylinder is yellowish to slightly reddish in color.

The small, tongue-shaped, triangular stem leaves measure 1.0-1.8 millimeters long and 0.4-0.7 millimeters wide and are generally larger in the lower areas than in the upper areas of the plant. They run into a more or less curled, almost cap-shaped tip. The leaf edges have a width of one quarter of the Spreitenbreite and ganzrandig formed. The rhomboid and transparent basal leaf hyalocytes , reinforced with few fibrils, are often divided into two unequal cells and have large pores on both surfaces.

The branches of Sphagnum capillifolium are in fascicle - or whorl-like clusters of four to five branches, of which two to three are upright and two are hanging close to the trunk.

The ovate-lanceolate branch leaves are 0.9 to 1.5 millimeters long and 0.4 to 0.5 millimeters wide, lie close to the branches in a tile-like or slightly protruding arrangement and are rolled up at the tip of the leaf. The empty, dead hyalocytes are abundantly provided with fibrils and have large, round pores on the upper side of the leaf; however, they show elliptical shapes on the underside of the leaf. The living chlorocytes usually have a triangular outline in the leaf cross-section and are partially enclosed on the upper side of the leaf by the hyalocytes. On the other hand, they are mostly exposed on the underside of the leaf.

Sexual characteristics

The form of sex distribution in Sphagnum capillifolium is dioecious or occasionally mono-French .

The branches carrying antheridia are reddish in color, the perigonial , flower-shell-like leaflets are short and wide with a suddenly narrowing tip, and the perichaetial leaves surrounding the gametangia have a broad, egg-shaped shape and curl up concave at the tip.

The sporophytes are fairly normal in Sphagnum capillifolium . The spores have a diameter of 20 to 28 micrometers, are pale yellow in color and either have a slightly warty or smooth surface. The spore capsules ripen in the middle of summer.

Morphologically similar peat moss species

Sphagnum capillifolium can be distinguished from other red species of the Acutifolia section , with which it occurs, by the different number of branch leaves laid out in five rows in most of the other species in the section. This also applies to the five-line peat moss ( Sphagnum quinquefarium ), whose fascicles usually also have three protruding branches. The reddish peat moss ( Sphagnum rubellum ) does not have straight, but rather one-sided curved branch leaves. Sphagnum subtle is a species of forest, does not form a bulte and has significantly shorter, tongue-shaped, triangular stem leaves. Sphagnum tenerum , whose occurrence only slightly overlaps geographically with Sphagnum capillifolium , has much thicker branches and generally makes a firmer impression. Also the gloss peat moss ( Sphagnum subnitens ) appears robust and has brought forward, rolled steel blade tips. It also colonizes intermediate moor areas in rather loose cushions.

Cushions of grove peat moss Sphagnum capillifolium

Location and distribution

The grove peat moss Sphagnum capillifolium is very adaptable and therefore variable in location preference. It populates habitats of ombotrophic plants that feed on nutrients from rainwater with a wide range of possible acidic environments in low to high altitudes. This species is most common and abundant in ombotrophic heathland , but also forms dense mats and carpets over wet, acidic soils, rocks and bogs at higher altitudes. It is also rarely found in wooded swamps under conifers and rhododendron bushes. In the heath vegetation, it is the narrow-leaved peat moss Sphagnum angustifolium , the deceptive peat moss Sphagnum fallax , the brown peat moss Sphagnum fuscum , the Magellan peat moss Sphagnum magellanicum , the Reddish peat moss Sphagnum rubellum , the Golden maidenhair moss Polytrichum commune and the polytrichum juniperinum Polytrichum juniperinum socialized. It also grows together with the five-line peat moss Sphagnum quinquefarium .

The grove peat moss Sphagnum capillifolium is found in the temperate and boreal zones worldwide . The distribution extends on the American continent from Greenland and Alaska in the north across Canada , in a curved belt over the US states of California , Oregon and Washington in the west, further over the northern states such as Montana or South Dakota to the northeast Maine , Vermont and subsequently south of the Great Lakes via the states of Ohio or Illinois to the southernmost North American distribution area Tennessee . Occurrences in South America and Africa are also mentioned.

Sphagnum capillifolium is also found in the temperate and boreal zones of Eurasia . In Asia , the Pacific regions of Russia in the Far East , the People's Republic of China , Japan , Korea and India are named as distribution areas.

At the European level, the focus of the occurrence of Sphagnum capillifolium is in the Atlantic and sub-Atlantic west to the Mediterranean area. So the kind u. a. found in Norway and also in Central Europe , such as in the Federal Republic of Germany , Austria and Switzerland .

Systematics

Sphagnum capillifolium is listed in the Acutifolia section of the genus Sphagnum within the monogeneric family Sphagnaceae . As synonym names are u. a. called the following:

  • Sphagnum acutifolium Ehrh. ex Schrad.
  • Sphagnum capillaceum ( white ) cabinet
  • Sphagnum capillifolium var. Viride Jenn.
  • Sphagnum margaritae H.A. Crum
  • Sphagnum nemoreum Scop. nom.dub.
  • Sphagnum palustre var. And ssp. capillifolium Ehrh.

Some varieties are indicated in various sources:

  • Sphagnum capillifolium var. Capillifolium as the type variety,
  • Sphagnum capillifolium var. Schimperi ( Röll ) Düll (Syn .: Sphagnum acutifolium Ehrh. Var. Tenerum Aust. )
  • Sphagnum capillifolium var. Tenerum ( Sull. ) HACrum - this variety is referred to with the German name "Zartes Hain-Torfmoos".

Sphagnum capillifolium and Sphagnum quinquefarium can produce inter-species hybrids.

Hazardous situation and protective measures

The grove peat moss ( Sphagnum capillifolium ) is included in various national Red Lists of endangered species in European countries, taking into account its population, which is mostly characterized by the reduction in populated wet areas. The type species Sphagnum capillifolium var. Capillifolium appears in the Red List of Germany as not endangered, but is on the warning list (category "V"). The variety of tender grove peat moss ( Sphagnum capillifolium var. Tenerum ) is included in both the Red List of Germany and the Red List of the State of Rhineland-Palatinate (category “D” - the available data are insufficient). The state of Saarland regards Sphagnum capillifolium var. Capillifolium as endangered (category 2). Sphagnum capillifolium is also assessed in the “Red List of Threatened Species in Switzerland: Mosses” as a near-endangered or potentially endangered species (“NT” category).

With the protective measures for all peat mosses, Sphagnum capillifolium is also affected by the Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive No. 92/43 / EEC in the updated version of January 1, 2007. The listing in Appendix V can introduce restrictions on withdrawal and use. The habitat of the “sour moors with sphagnum” is placed under protection in Appendix I, which creates the obligation to designate special protected areas. On the basis of the Federal Nature Conservation Act (BNatSchG), the Federal Republic of Germany also protects all peat moss species via Appendix 1 of the Federal Species Protection Ordinance (BArtSchV) and designates them as specially protected species. In Switzerland, the bogs are protected as habitats for peat mosses in the federal law on nature and homeland protection.

literature

  • Jan-Peter Frahm, Wolfgang Frey, J. Döring: Moosflora, 4th edition (UTB for science, volume 1250) . Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co., Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-2772-5 , p. 162-163 (or ISBN 3-8252-1250-5 (UTB)).
  • Cyrus B. McQueen, Richard E. Andrus: Bryophytes: Mosses, part 1 . Sphagnaceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America . tape 27 . Oxford University Press, New York 2007, ISBN 978-0-19-531823-4 , 71.Sphagnum capillifolium (Ehrhart) Hedwig, p. 91 (English, online - section description and distribution).
  • Li Xing-jiang and Si He: Sphagnaceae-Leucobryaceae . Sphagnaceae. In: Chien Gao; Marshall R Crosby; Si He; Chinese academy of sciences .; et al (Ed.): Moss Flora of China . tape 1 . Science Press et al. a., St.Louis u. a. 1999, ISBN 978-0-915279-72-2 , Sphagnum capillifolium , p. 9 (English, online ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Dr. Ludwig opinion and Wiebke Schröder: Pointed peat moss, grove peat moss ( Sphagnum capillifolium ) (Ehrh.) Hedw. (No longer available online.) In: Website of the project “Die Moose Deutschlands”. Archived from the original on October 15, 2013 ; accessed on August 3, 2011 (according to information from the distribution atlas of Germany's mosses as of 2007). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.moose-deutschland.de
  2. ↑ Sphagnum capillifolium in Sphagnaceae . In: Korseby Online. Retrieved August 13, 2011 .
  3. ↑ Lists of particularly protected plant and fungus species in Thuringia. (No longer available online.) Free State of Thuringia State Institute for Environment and Geology, archived from the original on November 3, 2013 ; Retrieved November 1, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tlug-jena.de
  4. ^ Cyrus B. McQueen, Richard E. Andrus: Bryophytes: Mosses, part 1 . Sphagnaceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America . tape 27 . Oxford University Press, New York 2007, ISBN 978-0-19-531823-4 , 78.Sphagnum quinquefarium (Lindberg) Warnstorf, p. 96 (English, online - section description and distribution).
  5. ↑ Naturhistorisk museum (Natural History Museum) & Universitetet i Oslo (University of Oslo): MOSEHERBARIET (THE BRYOPHYTE HERBARIUM). In: CHECK LIST OF NORWEGIAN MOSSES - SPHAGNATAE. Retrieved July 24, 2010 (search for Sphagnum capillifolium ).
  6. ^ Eva Maria Temsch: Peat moss for beginners and professionals. In: Homepage of a botanist. Retrieved on October 13, 2011 ( Sphagnum arten in Austria).
  7. ^ NISM National Inventory of the Swiss Moss Flora. In: website with Sphagnum capillifolium. Institute for Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, accessed on July 24, 2010 .
  8. ↑ List of the species occurring in Germany in Annexes II, IV, V of the Habitats Directive (92/43 / EEC). (PDF 5.17KB) Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, June 29, 2010, accessed on August 1, 2010 .
  9. ↑ N. Cronberg and R. Natcheva: Hybridization between the peat mosses, Sphagnum capillifolium and S. quinquefarium (Sphagnaceae, Bryophyta) as inferred by morphological characters and isozyme markers. In: Plant Systematics and Evolution. Verlag Springer, Vienna, accessed on July 24, 2010 (journal article scanned in SpringerLink).
  10. ↑ a b ARTeFAKT types and facts. In: Red lists and protection provisions for Bryophyta mosses. RheinlandPfalz - State Office for the Environment; Water Management and Labor Inspectorate, accessed July 24, 2010 .
  11. ↑ Sphagnum capillifolium in the Red List of Endangered Species in Germany and its federal states . science4you, accessed on July 24, 2010 .
  12. ↑ Red List of Endangered Species in Switzerland / Mosses. Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, 2004, accessed on July 24, 2010 (search for Sphagnum in PDF document).
  13. ↑ Directive 92/43 / EEC of the Council of May 21, 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild animals and plants in the consolidated version of January 1, 2007 , accessed on August 13, 2011 , Appendix I, p. 23. In : OJ L 206, July 22, 1992, pp. 20, 66.
  14. ↑ Federal Species Protection Ordinance of the Federal Republic of Germany (BArtSchV) - Annex 1 (to § 1), protection status of wild animal and plant species. In: juris. Federal Ministry of Justice, accessed on July 24, 2010 .
  15. ↑ Federal Law on Nature Conservation and Heritage Protection, Section 3a. The federal authorities of the Swiss Confederation, accessed on July 24, 2010 .

Web links

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