Sphagnum quinquefarium
| Sphagnum quinquefarium | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sphagnum quinquefarium in the Swabian-Franconian forest mountains |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Sphagnum quinquefarium | ||||||||||||
| ( Lindb. Ex Braithw. ) Warnst. |
Sphagnum quinquefarium is a peat moss thatbelongsto the genus peat moss ( Sphagnum ) and belongs to the deciduous moss (Bryophyta). It is called "five-line peat moss" in German-speaking countries.
description
Features of the plant
The five-line peat moss is a species of peat moss of normal size and typically stiff and compact in texture with hemispherical heads. The plants can have a metallic sheen when dry. The color varies from green, grayish white, yellowish to purple red. The 1–1.3 millimeter long, pointed to blunt stem leaves are triangular to triangular-tongue-shaped. The branches branch off from the trunk in fascicle-like or whorl- like tufts with mostly 3 protruding and 1–2 drooping branches and are clearly five rows of leaves. The 1.1–1.5 millimeter long branch leaves are ovate to ovate-lanceolate and slightly curled down at the tip.
Sexual characteristics
The sexual orientation is monoecious or dioecious . The 19–27 micrometer large spores mature in the spore capsules in mid-summer .
Occurrence and distribution
The five-line peat moss is common in North America and Europe . The habitats are weakly mineralotrophic wetlands with pH values between 3.4 and 5.6 along coasts and in low mountain and alpine regions . It colonizes moist coniferous forests along coasts, wet mineral rock hollows, block heaps , brook banks and wet heaths . The distribution area in North America extends from the US state of Alaska over southern provinces of Canada to the eastern states of the USA . The European occurrences are concentrated in Northern Europe (e.g. Norway ), Western Europe (e.g. the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ) and Central Europe with e.g. Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
This peat moss is usually associated with the grove peat moss ( Sphagnum capillifolium ), with Girgensohn's peat moss ( Sphagnum girgensohnii ) and the Russow peat moss ( Sphagnum russowii ).
Systematics
Sphagnum quinquefarium is listed in the Acutifolia section of the genus Sphagnum within the monogeneric family Sphagnaceae. As synonymous terms are Sphagnum acutifolium var. Quinquefarium Lindb. in Braithw. and Sphagnum schofieldii called H. A. Crum .
Hazardous situation and protective measures
The five-line peat moss is endangered by the destruction of its habitats. Accordingly, the Federal Republic of Germany assesses the species in its Red List of Threatened Species in Threat Category 3 as endangered. The Switzerland leads the way - but as not at risk - in their national Red List.
At the European level, the European Union - and thus its member states such as Germany - as well as Switzerland take into account the risk through protective measures on a generic basis.
In the United States of America , the states of Kentucky and New Jersey list Sphagnum quinquefarium as an endangered and endangered plant.
swell
Cyrus B. McQueen, Richard E. Andrus: Flora of North America. Sphagnum quinquefarium . www.eFloras.org, accessed January 15, 2011 (English).
literature
- Jan-Peter Frahm , Wolfgang Frey : Moosflora (= UTB . 1250). 4th, revised and expanded edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8252-1250-5 .
Web links
- Sphagnum quinquefarium (Braithw.) Warnst. "Viierealine turbasammal". eBiodiversity - taxa found in Estonia,accessed on January 14, 2011(English, information aboutSphagnum quinquefariumin Estonia).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b WISIA Tracing Service for Endangered Species. In: WISIA Online. German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, accessed on January 14, 2011 (search for Sphagnum quinquefarium ).
- ↑ Sphagnum quinquefarium . Distribution map (GBIF observations). European Environment Agency, accessed January 14, 2011 .
- ↑ a b Klaus Weddeling, Gerhard Ludwig: Sphagnum ssp. L. S. 311 ( online at: weddeling.info [PDF; 55 kB ; accessed on January 14, 2011] information on Sphagnum quinquefarium ).
- ↑ Jan-Peter Frahm, Wolfgang Frey, J. Döring: Moosflora . 4th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-2772-5 , Bryophytina, Laubmoose, p. 164 .
- ↑ Naturhistorisk museum (Natural History Museum), Universitetet i Oslo (University of Oslo): Moseherbariet (The Bryophyte Herbarium). In: Check list of norwegian mosses - sphagnatae. Retrieved January 15, 2011 ( Sphagnum quinquefarium in Norway).
- ↑ Sphagnum quinquefarium . In: The British Database of World Flora and Fauna. British Towns and Villages Network, accessed January 14, 2011 .
- ↑ Ludwig opinion, Wiebke Schröder: five-line peat moss Sphagnum quinquefarium. (No longer available online.) In: Website of the project “Die Moose Deutschlands”. Archived from the original on May 18, 2014 ; Retrieved on August 2, 2011 (according to information from the distribution atlas of Germany's mosses as of 2007). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Eva Maria Temsch: Sphagnum species in Austria. Sphagnum quinquefarium (Braithw.) Warnst. Retrieved October 13, 2011 .
- ↑ Checklist of Swiss Mosses. Sphagnum quinquefarium (Braithw.) Warnst. NISM National Inventory of Swiss Moss Flora, accessed on January 16, 2011 .
- ↑ Online query for Sphagnum quinquefarium in the Red List of Endangered Species in Germany and its federal states. science4you, accessed on January 17, 2011 .
- ↑ Norbert Schnyder, Ariel Bergamini, Heike Hofmann, Niklaus Müller, Cécile Schubiger-Bossard, Edwin Urmi: Red List of Endangered Species in Switzerland: Mosses . Ed .: Federal Office for the Environment, Forests and Landscape BUWAL. 2004, p. 86 ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: online [accessed January 17, 2011]).
- ↑ Directive 92/43 / EEC (Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive) in the consolidated version of January 1, 2007 , accessed on January 16, 2011 . APPENDIX I: Natural habitat types of Community interest for the conservation of which special protected areas must be designated → Acid bogs with sphagnum and APPENDIX V: Animal and plant species of Community interest, the removal of which from nature and use may be the subject of administrative measures → Sphagnum L. spp., pp. 20 and 66.
- ↑ Ordinance on nature and homeland protection. Appendix 2 (List of Protected Plants) with Sphagnum ssp. The federal authorities of the Swiss Confederation, accessed on January 16, 2011 .
- ↑ Moor inventory based on the "Rothenthurm" article of the Federal Constitution. The federal authorities of the Swiss Confederation, archived from the original on March 13, 2010 ; Retrieved January 16, 2011 .
- ↑ PLANTS Profile Sphagnum quinquefarium (Lindb. Ex Braithw.) Warnst. In: Plants Database. USDA United States Department of Agriculture / NRCS Natural Resources Conservation Service, accessed January 16, 2011 .
