Sphagnum rubellum
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Reddish peat moss Sphagnum rubellum |
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Sphagnum rubellum is a peat moss thatbelongsto the genus peat moss ( Sphagnum ) and belongs to the division of the deciduous moss (Bryophyta). In the German-speaking world it is called "Reddish Peat Moss" or, more rarely, "Red Peat Moss".
description
Features of the plant
The reddish peat moss is a rather tender to moderately large species of peat moss with clipped, star-shaped heads. The overall coloration extends from deep chestnut and purple to yellowish green; the heads are mostly strongly colored red.
The stems show red, yellowish or pale green hues. The three- to four-layer stems epidermis , clearly separated from the reddish-purple sclerodermis , contain no pores . In the tongue-shaped, triangular to tongue-shaped and 1–1.4 millimeter long stem leaves, the lateral leaf margins are roughly parallel. The leaf edge is most developed at the base with more than a quarter of the leaf width. The non-fringed tip of the leaf is broadly rounded, but can become pointed in hemi-isophyllous forms.
The two protruding and one or two hanging branches are attached to the trunk in fascicle-like or whorl- like tufts of branches, which are usually five-row leafed. The 0.9–1.2 millimeter long, ovate to ovate- lanceolate branch leaves are curved sickle - shaped on one side , at least on some branches . The smooth, entire leaf margin has no resorption furrow . The tip is broadly rounded and curled downwards. The hyalocytes form large, round or elliptical pores towards the base and the edges . The chlorocytes are triangular in cross-section. They are enclosed on the outside by the hyalocytes or stand free.
The reddish peat moss can be confused with the grove peat moss ( Sphagnum capillifolium ). Distinguishing features are always straight branch leaves and mostly larger heads of the grove peat moss. Furthermore, the reddish peat moss can be distinguished from all other red species in the Acutifolia section by its location in Bülten on raised bogs .
Sexual characteristics
The gender orientation is given by the diocesan or dioecious form of gender distribution. The sporophytes are not often developed in reddish peat moss. The spore capsules ripen in the middle of summer. The spores measure 18-33 microns and show gross excesses on both surfaces.
Occurrence and distribution
The reddish peat moss is circumpolar in the Holarctic from the North American continent with Greenland , Canada and the northwestern state of Oregon and northeastern states of the USA across Asia to Europe . For example, the European occurrences are given as Sweden, Poland, Germany, France and Italy; further Central European occurrences are described from Austria and Switzerland .
The reddish peat moss colonizes oligotrophic and ombotrophic locations in raised bog areas only supplied by rainwater with pH values of 3.4 to 5.6 and forms extensive mats and bultes in both low and high altitudes .
The reddish peat moss can be found in the company of narrow-peat moss ( Sphagnum angustifolium ) with the Hain-peat moss ( Sphagnum capillifolium ), the treacherous peat moss ( Sphagnum fallax ), the brown peat moss ( Sphagnum fuscum ), the Magellan peat moss ( Sphagnum magellanicum ), the Warty peat moss ( Sphagnum papillosum ), with Sphagnum recurvum and Sphagnum tenellum .
Systematics
The reddish peat moss is listed in the Acutifolia section of the genus Sphagnum within the monogeneric family Sphagnaceae. As synonymous terms are Sphagnum acutifolium var. Tenellum Schimper; Sphagnum capillaceum var. Tenellum (Schimper) ALAndrews and Sphagnum capillifolium var. Tenellum (Schimper) called HACrum.
Hazardous situation and protective measures
Reddish peat moss is listed in various Red Lists of nations or these subordinate administrative regions due to the existing threat . The Switzerland evaluate the manner as potentially endangered ( NT - N ear T hreatened).
At the European level, the European Union and its member states, as well as Switzerland, take into account the threat posed by protective measures based on the genus Sphagnum .
swell
- Cyrus B. McQueen & Richard E. Andrus: Sphagnum rubellum Wilson. In: Flora of North America. eFloras.org, accessed February 17, 2011 . Volume 27, 2007 p. 96. (section description)
literature
- Jan-Peter Frahm , Wolfgang Frey : Moosflora (= UTB . 1250). 4th, revised and expanded edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8252-1250-5 , pp. 161, 162, 164.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Ludwig opinion, Wiebke Schröder: Reddish peat moss Sphagnum rubellum. (No longer available online.) In: Website of the project “Die Moose Deutschlands”. Archived from the original on September 25, 2016 ; accessed on August 3, 2011 (according to information from the distribution atlas of Germany's mosses as of 2007). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Ecological protection station Steinhuder Meer eV: The peat moss. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on May 24, 2015 ; Retrieved on February 14, 2011 (red peat moss ( Sphagnum rubellum ) in the profile peat moss). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ A b Jan-Peter Frahm, Wolfgang Frey, J. Döring: Moosflora . Ed .: UTB 1250. 4th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-2772-5 , Bryophytina, Laubmoose, p. 162 (information on Sphagnum rubellum in the description of the Acutifolia section ).
- ↑ a b c d Sphagnum rubellum (Reddish peat moss). In: Korseby Online - Sphagnaceae. Retrieved February 17, 2011 .
- ^ A b Jan-Peter Frahm, Wolfgang Frey, J. Döring: Moosflora . Ed .: UTB 1250. 4th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-2772-5 , Bryophytina, Laubmoose, p. 164 .
- ^ Cyrus B. McQueen & Richard E. Andrus: Sphagnum sect. Acutifolia Wilson. In: Flora of North America. www.eFloras.org, accessed February 17, 2011 (English). Volume 27, 2007 p. 85 (Section Species Description Point 27)
- ↑ Sphagnum rubellum. Distribution map (GBIF observations). European Environment Agency, accessed February 14, 2011 .
- ↑ Sphagnum rubellum. European locations. European Environment Agency, accessed February 17, 2011 .
- ^ Eva Maria Temsch: Peat moss for beginners and professionals. In: Homepage of a botanist. Retrieved on October 13, 2011 ( Sphagnum arten in Austria).
- ^ NISM National Inventory of the Swiss Moss Flora. Institute for Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, accessed on February 14, 2011 (website with Sphagnum rubellum ).
- ↑ Klaus Weddeling, Zool. Research institute u. Museum A. Koenig, Bonn & Gerhard Ludwig: Sphagnum ssp. L. Section 2.14 / code 1409 / Annex V . Ed .: Federal Office f. Conservation Bonn. S. 310 and 311 ( weddeling.info [PDF; 55 kB ; accessed on February 14, 2011] information on Sphagnum rubellum ).
- ↑ Norbert Schnyder; Ariel Bergamini; Heike Hofmann; Niklaus Müller; Cécile Schubiger-Bossard; Edwin Urmi: Red List of Endangered Species in Switzerland: Mosses . Ed .: Federal Office for the Environment, Forests and Landscape BUWAL. 2004, p. 86 ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: bafu.admin.ch [accessed on February 17, 2011]).
