Prussian new admission

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Example of the new Prussian admission - Martinshafen with chalk railway after 1912
Seal mark "Chief of the K. Pr. Landesaufnahme" (1850-1918)

The Prussian new recording was the comprehensive geodetic-topographical survey of the state territory of Prussia from 1877 to 1915.

First country recordings

At the instigation of Frederick the Great , there have already been various land recordings in the parts of the country . These include the Schroettersche Landesaufnahme and the Schmettausche map series . The map of the Rhineland and the map of northwest Germany were created during Napoleon's time .

The cartographic and geodetic surveys of the Prussian state territory were directed by the Prussian General Staff and carried out by young geographic engineers . It was initially carried out by graphic triangulation by measuring the direction directly on the map sketches without the use of theodolites .

These first recordings ( mapped at a scale of 1: 25,000 and 1: 20,000) represented geographical sketches rather than topographically accurate maps. However, they were sufficient for military purposes at the time. These maps were not published, they served as the basis for the military operations maps of the General Staff , the Prussian General Staff maps in the scales 1: 80,000 and 1: 100,000.

The Prussian first recording carried out in the years between 1830 and 1865 initially only served to continue the general staff maps. In contrast to these, however, improved recording procedures were used. In addition, the maps were created on a uniform scale of 1: 25,000. This map uses hatching to represent the terrain.

From 1868 the maps were published, among other things under pressure from the private sector, which demanded these maps for better planning for road and railroad construction.

Prussian new admission between 1877 and 1915

The Prussian new recording was necessary due to improved forms of representation ( contour lines , uniform length information in meters, introduction of uniform height information - based on the sea ​​level -) and higher demands on the accuracy of the maps. It was carried out by the Königlich Prussische Landesaufnahme formed in 1875 .

For this new recording, a total of 3307 map sheets on a scale of 1: 25,000 were produced. In addition to the Prussian state territory, smaller independent German states were also included (for example the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg and the Duchy of Braunschweig ), which shied away from the expense of having their own state registration. The measuring table sheets of this land survey are the origin of today's topographic map 1: 25,000 (TK 25).

Leaf cut

The maps of the last land survey are also known as measuring table sheets .

They were uniformly printed or cut according to the geographic coordinate system . The cut of the sheet is almost square with 6  arc minutes in width and 10 arc minutes in length . If you look closely, the leaves are not rectangular, but trapezoidal (the distance between the meridians decreases with increasing geographical latitude ). However, this is hardly noticeable on the leaves, as the north edge is only about one millimeter shorter than the south edge.

The geographical longitude of all maps or measuring table sheets referred to the Ferro-Meridian , i. H. to the westernmost of the Canary Islands ( El Hierro ), which means that all of Europe has eastern longitudes. This former prime meridian of the German Empire (and also of Austria-Hungary ) is located about 17 ° 40 'west of Greenwich . This was only changed when the map sheets were continued and since 1924 the lengths have been based on the Greenwich meridian.

Sheet designation

Originally the measuring table sheets were numbered consecutively line by line from west to east - starting in the north.

It was not until 1937 that a uniform four-digit number was introduced based on a grid. The first two digits name the row of the grid, the next two the column.

literature

  • Dieter Grothenn: The Prussian measuring table sheets 1: 25,000 in Lower Saxony . Hanover 1994.
  • Reichsamt für Landesaufnahme (Ed.): The Reichsamt für Landesaufnahme and its maps . Berlin 1931 ( full text ( memento from May 13, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 13.7 MB) on mapywig.org).
  • J. Schroeder-Hohenwarth: The Prussian land survey from 1816-1875 . Frankfurt am Main 1958.
  • W. Kost: The Kgl. Prussian land survey 1875-1908 in: The landscapes of Lower Saxony. Construction, image and interpretation of a landscape. , Neumünster, 1970

See also

Web links