Ordinary pond rush

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Ordinary pond rush
Common pond rush (Schoenoplectus lacustris)

Common pond rush ( Schoenoplectus lacustris )

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae)
Genre : Pond rushes ( Schoenoplectus )
Type : Ordinary pond rush
Scientific name
Schoenoplectus lacustris
( L. ) Palla
inflorescence

The common pond rush ( Schoenoplectus lacustris ), also called common pond rush or green pond rush , is a plant species within the sour grass family (Cyperaceae). It often forms the edge area of ​​the reed on the water side of a pond. The stocks of the pond rush are often not as closed as with other typical plants of the bank cane.

description

The common pond rush is a perennial , herbaceous plant that reaches heights of between 80 and 300 centimeters. This aquatic plant is anchored in the soft soil with a strong rhizome that creeps underground and promotes the sedimentation of soil particles . Upright, slender, smooth, leafless and dark green stems grow out of the rhizomes, which are often slightly over-inclined when the fruit is ripe. Inside there is a very loose, airy marrow tissue. Unlike reeds, the plant is able to assimilate with these under water. It then also forms submerged ribbon leaves. The attachments to these trachea are already in the seedling . Oxygen that the plant produces is not released into the air, but kept inside the plant.

The inflorescences of the common pond rush develop slightly below the tip of the stem. They consist of numerous spikelets and form a so-called spiral . The inconspicuously small flowers consist of bristly bracts, three stamens and an ovary with a long stylus and a thread-like stigma . The fruits are small, only 2.5 mm long and 0.13 mg in weight. They are triangular and lenticular.

The chromosome number of the species is 2n = 42.

ecology

The common pond rush is a rhizome - geophyte or a marsh or water plant with a strong sympodial rhizome. This and the stem have an aerenchyma . The hermaphroditic flowers are windy of the "long-dust thread type". Flowering time is from June to August.

Because of the permanent, rough perigone bristles of the nut fruits, Velcro spreads , e.g. B. by birds . The fruits are winter dwellers. Fruit ripens in autumn, from September to October.

Vegetative reproduction occurs through the widely creeping rhizomes.

distribution and habitat

The common pond rush is found from Europe and the Mediterranean region to Mongolia and in southern Africa. Their preferred habitat is the reed bed of stagnant and slowly flowing water. The mud floor should be rich in humus and nutrients. It is a character species of the Scirpetum lacustris from the association Phragmition. The Teichbinse than about because of their assimilation technique capable of higher water levels reed or reed mace to tolerate. It is widespread from the lowlands to the mountain regions. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises in the Tyrolean part of the Haldensee up to 1140 m above sea level.

Systematics

One can distinguish the following subspecies:

  • Schoenoplectus lacustris subsp. hippolyti (VIKrecz.) Kukkonen: It occurs from the Crimea to the Himalayas and Far Eastern Asian Russia.
  • Schoenoplectus lacustris subsp. lacustris : It occurs from Europe and the Mediterranean area to Afghanistan and southern Africa.

Use by humans

The straws, which are very light due to the inner air tissue, are used worldwide. Rafts and boats, for example, were and are made from them. Based on archaeological finds, it is known that people made baskets and mats from the flexible stems as early as the Stone Age .

The species is used for the production of cellulose , for bank reinforcement, and for reclaiming new land.

Today, the rush is also used in the construction of biological sewage treatment plants because of the oxygen release from the lower parts of the stem (see Käthe Seidel ). The species is also well suited as an ornamental plant for park and garden ponds and as a wild garden plant.

The rhizome can be consumed as a vegetable .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 161.
  2. ↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Schoenoplectus lacustris. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 28, 2016.
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 231.

Web links

Commons : Common pond rush ( Schoenoplectus lacustris )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files