St. Blasii and Marien (Fredelsloh)
Coordinates: 51 ° 44 ′ 10.1 ″ N , 9 ° 47 ′ 28.5 ″ E The Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Blasii and Marien in Fredelsloh , a district of Moringen in the Northeim district , is an important Romanesque monumentin Lower Saxony .
history
The church is the only remaining building in an extensive monastery complex from the 12th century. The archbishop of Mainz Adalbert I had in 1132, the Augustinian canons - pin with the patronage of St. Blasius founded. The collegiate church and convent building emerged in the following decades. The Foundation by the archbishop of Mainz was also motivated by the fact that Fredelsloh time at the border of the Archdiocese of Mainz was while almost all Solling the Bishopric of Paderborn shelter. Mainz tried to forestall a possible advance of Paderborn and equipped the new monastery with enormous property and income. In 1138, Archbishop Adalbert II confirmed the founding of his predecessor and transferred several tithe to it .
During the construction phase, between 1144 and 1146, the complex was expanded to include a female convent to create a double monastery . The church received a nuns gallery with a separate entrance. At that time, the second patronage of the Blessed Mother may have been added. With a document from 1146 Pope Eugene III. the canons and women's monastery under Provost Bertram in Fredelsloh under his protection and confirmed its possessions, especially the two churches in Stöckheim and Markoldendorf transferred in 1142 . In addition, he granted free election of provost. Other documents handed down from the 12th century attest to protective measures, issued in 1153 by King Friedrich I and in 1155 by Archbishop Arnold von Mainz . The latter also entrusted the convent with pastoral care in two newly established villages and left him with the tithe there.
The Counts of Dassel are attested as bailiffs for the 13th century . The canons left the monastery towards the end of the 13th century. A fire in 1290 caused severe damage to parts of the monastery complex. The following centuries were marked by economic and cultural decline.
In 1542 Duchess Elisabeth carried out the Reformation in the Principality of Calenberg . The monastery of St. Blasii and Marien was added to the Guelf monastery fund (today the monastery chamber of Hanover ) and existed as an evangelical women's monastery until the Thirty Years War . The last documentary evidence of a canoness dates back to 1660.
After the end of the monastery, the convent buildings were used as a quarry and were finally completely removed. Since the small village community belonged to Moringen, the collegiate church was used as a granary. At that time the west building was separated from the rest of the church by a wall.
In the 20th century St. Blasii and Marien were used again for worship by the parish belonging to the parish of Leine-Solling . The church received its present form during a thorough restoration by the monastery chamber around 1970.
architecture
The exterior shape of the church, built from Weser sandstone, is largely the original. The three-aisled , east- facing basilica with transept is faced with two square towers with a gable roof in the west . A half-height apse closes the rectangular choir . Two smaller apses are located on the east side of the transept arms as an extension of the side aisles. The architectural decoration is limited to arched friezes under the eaves and cornices that structure the walls . The main portal is on the north arm of the transept.
The half stair tower, which is inserted between the towers like a west apse and gave access to the nuns' gallery via a spiral staircase, is unique. In a later renovation, the nuns' choir was replaced by a gallery that connects the spiral staircase with the towers. The installation of this partially covered double-flight spiral staircase is dated to the 13th century, a period in which regional sovereigns such as Ludolf II von Dassel had returned from crusades. Such stairs were otherwise only common in the Orient.
This western apse is decorated on the outside with a double bow ornament. An arched frieze entwined in this way is rare in northern Germany; further occurrences are the church of the Jerichow monastery and the church in Mandelsloh .
The central nave is closed off to the west by the gallery wall. It consists of 3 storeys formed by arcades with, from bottom to top, 2, 3 and 4 arches, which symbolize the nine choirs of angels . Comparative buildings in Old Saxony have only 2 arcade floors with the exception of the Michaeliskirche Hildesheim .
In the 17th century, the church space was reduced to the crossing , choir and transept by placing a half-timbered wall on the medieval pulpit , which marked the west side of the crossing. When the building was sloping slightly to the south due to the sandy soil, additional support pillars were installed around 1730. Around 1850 the rood screen with the attached wall was removed and a retaining wall was placed in front of the gallery wall. The effect of the interior is impaired and the west building is only accessible via the west apse.
The regular replacement of pillars and pillars was blurred during repair work after the fire of 1290 when some pillars were replaced by pillars. In 2005, damage was found to the joints of the towers. The restoration, which began in 2013 for this reason, was completed in 2015.
Furnishing
Bells
Pomeranian Bell There is a bell in the south tower of the Fredelsloh monastery church, which dates from 1736 and came to the small town in southern Lower Saxony as a result of the turmoil of the Second World War . It weighs around 300 kilograms and is used as a christening and hour bell. According to the inscription, the piece of the bell foundry in Scheel was Stettin for the location Parlin in Naugard county in Pomerania manufactured today Parlino 's and Polish rural community of Stara Dąbrowa ( Alt Damerow heard Stargard County). Because of its bronze content, the bell was supposed to be melted down for armaments purposes during World War II. That is why it was brought to Hamburg , where - probably because of its old age - it did not fall victim to being melted down. After the end of the war, it was stored with many other bells that had not yet been melted down in Hamburg in the bell cemetery . Like most other specimens from the former German and now Polish areas, it was not returned to its place of origin. The community in Fredelsloh also had to deliver a bell from the monastery church to be melted down. It was not until 1952 that the then regional superintendent Franz Wiebe (Northeim) provided a replacement with the bell from Parlin.
Other bells In addition to the Pomeranian bell, which has the tone h ', hang in the tower a bell cast in 1924 by the Radler company based on Galgenberg (Hildesheim) with tone a' and a large bell with tone fis' from the Schilling family, which was acquired in 1958 .
organ
In 2017 an electronic organ with 3 manuals and 60 stops was installed. It replaced an outdated electronic organ that had been in use for around 40 years. A pipe organ made by Philipp Furtwängler & Sons from 1889, which had existed until around 1970, has not been preserved.
Further equipment
In the choir there are twelve apostle reliefs from the 14th century. There is also a stone Romanesque baptismal font there. The stained glass windows date from the 1970s and contain depictions of the two patron saints of the church, the Christ monogram and, with chalice and bread basket, symbols for the Lord's Supper .
literature
- Fritz Both: The monastery church St. Blasii and Marien in Fredelsloh (= Small Art Guide for Lower Saxony . Issue 22). 2nd edition, Göttingen 1987.
- Horst Gramatzki: The Fredelsloh Abbey from its foundation to the expiration of its convent. Historical and architectural studies. 2001, ISBN 3-8311-1974-0 .
- Hans-Jürgen Kutzner, Arno Schelle, Barbara Schweikle, Gerhard Steffen: Stiftskirche Fredelsloh - art history tour and historical outline. 2012.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Peter Acht: Mainz document book. Vol. 2: The documents from the death of Archbishop Adalbert I (1137) to the death of Archbishop Konrad (1200) . No. 5 . Self-published by the Hessian Historical Commission, Darmstadt 1968.
- ↑ see history and architecture as well as: Beatrix Freifrau von Wolff Metternich: Fredelsloher Stiftskirche from the Romanesque. In: Art Guide Hildesheim Weserbergland. Hamburg 1992, p. 66.
- ^ Heinrich Otte : Handbook of the church art-archeology of the German Middle Ages, Volume 1, 1868, p. 75
- ↑ Erhard Kühlhorn: Historical-regional excursion map. Leaf Moringen am Solling . Ed .: Erhard Kühlhorn. Lax, Hildesheim 1976, ISBN 3-7848-3624-0 , p. 176 .
- ↑ Horst Gramatzki: The Fredelsloh Abbey from its foundation to the expiration of its convent. Historical and architectural studies. 2001, p. 162 f, books.google.de .
- ^ Report in HNA
- ↑ The construction of this staircase was carried out under Friedrich Mielke (Arno Schelle: Fredelsloher Fundstücke and Fragments: Texts and Pots, Monastery and Ceramics, Photos and Research. Volume 1, 2010, pp. 165-170).
- ↑ Horst Gramatzki: The Fredelsloh Abbey from its foundation to the expiration of its convent. Historical and architectural studies. 2001, p. 184.
- ↑ Article from HNA.de of May 14, 2014: Bell from Pomerania stranded in Fredelsloh after World War II
- ↑ a b Arno Schelle (Ed.): Fredelsloher Fundstücke and Fragments. Part 2 - Texts by Fritz Both, 2014, p. 19.
- ↑ Klosterkammer finances modern instrument for the monastery church in Fredelsloh
- ↑ Fritz Both: Fredelsloher Fundstücke and Fragments, Volume 2, 2014, p. 105