Cemeteries in front of Hallesches Tor
The cemeteries at Halleschen Tor are in the Berlin district of Kreuzberg between Mehringdamm and Zossener Straße .
Overall system
There are six cemeteries that have been laid out since the beginning of the 18th century, at that time still outside the city gates, outside the Berlin customs wall :
- Cemeteries I, II, III of the Jerusalem and New Church Congregation
- Trinity Cemetery I
- Cemetery of the Bethlehem or Bohemian Parish
- Cemetery of the Brethren Congregation Berlin ( Herrnhuter Brothers Congregation , 1826)
With the construction of the America Memorial Library in the mid-1950s, the north entrance of the cemeteries was initially relocated from Hallescher Tor ; the entrances are today at Mehringdamm 21 and Zossener Straße 1 (opposite No. 65). The relocation of Blücherstrasse away from the Halleschen-Tor-Brücke in the direction of Obentrautstrasse led to the leveling of many graves in the northern part. For this reason, only the entrance gate and a handful of graves remain of the Bohemian church , while the Bohemian church in Böhmisch-Rixdorf (today: Neukölln ) is intact to this day.
On November 3, 2013, the Berlin Mendelssohn Society invited to the ceremonial opening of the permanent exhibition on the history of the Mendelssohn family in the funeral chapel built in 1881 on the new part of Trinity Cemetery I. A total of 28 members of the family are buried in the cemeteries in front of Hallesches Tor.
Cemetery I of the Jerusalem and New Church Congregation
Graves of famous personalities
Honor graves
- Hermann Blankenstein (1829–1910), architect, city planning officer, city elder of Berlin
- Friedrich Wilhelm Georg Büxenstein (1857–1924), entrepreneur, sports official
- Robert Dohme (1845–1893), librarian, art historian
- Carl Friedrich Christian Fasch (1736–1800), composer, musician, founder of the Sing-Akademie zu Berlin
- Friedrich Gustav Gauß (1829–1915), geodesist
- Oskar Huth (1918–1991), painter, graphic artist
- Franz von Mendelssohn the Younger (1865–1935), banker, lawyer
- August Neander (1789–1850), theologian, historian
- Peter Simon Pallas (1741–1811), natural scientist, physician
- Hugo Ziegra (1852–1926), politician, entrepreneur, city elder of Berlin
Other preserved graves
- Georg Abel (1852–1926), diplomat
- Arthur Auwers (1838–1915), astronomer
- Herrmann Bachstein (1834–1908), master builder, railway entrepreneur
- Karl Friedrich Becker (1777–1806), historian
- Paulus Stephanus Cassel (1821-1892), theologian, publicist
- Franz Duncker (1822–1888), publisher, politician (1962–2011: grave of honor )
- Jes Leve Duysen (1820–1903), piano manufacturer
- August Fuhrmann (1844–1925), photographer, inventor (1987–2009: honorary grave )
- Hans Goldschmidt (1861–1923), chemist, industrialist
- Paul von Herrmann (1857–1921), lawyer, President of the Prussian Higher Administrative Court
- Friedrich Wilhelm Jähns (1809–1888), musician, composer, music historian
- Wilhelm Kahl (1849–1932), lawyer, politician (1956–2014: honorary grave )
- Franz Krolop (1839–1897), singer
- Friedrich Wilhelm von Lüderitz (1717–1785), Colonel, Landjägermeister
- Eduard Lürssen (1840–1891), sculptor
- Paul Mellmann (1855–1934), educator, headmaster, chairman of the German Association of Philologists
- Franz von Mendelssohn the Elder (1829–1889), banker
- Franz von Mendelssohn the Younger (1865–1935), banker, economic functionary, President of the German Industry and Commerce Congress , member of the Prussian manor house
- Robert von Mendelssohn the Elder (1857–1917), banker, art collector, patron
- Johann Carl Wilhelm Moehsen (1722–1795), physician, personal physician of Friedrich II.
- Louis Ferdinand Albrecht Müller (1813–1891), chemist, land and factory owner, member of the Prussian House of Representatives
- Ludwig Passini (1832–1903), painter
- Gustav Pressel (1827–1890), theologian, composer, writer
- Joachim Ritzkowsky (1937–2003), pastor, known for his commitment to the homeless
- Anna Schramm (1835–1916), singer, actress
- Siegfried Schürenberg (1900–1993), actor, voice actor
- Gerhard Schulze (1919–2006), politician, member of the German Bundestag
- Paul Taglioni (1808–1884), dancer, choreographer, ballet director
- Wilhelm Taubert (1811–1891), composer, conductor
- Alexander Westphal (1863–1941), neurologist, psychiatrist, university professor
- Carl Friedrich Otto Westphal (1833–1890), neurologist, psychiatrist, father of Alexander Westphal
- Julius Worpitzky (1835–1895), mathematician
- August Zillmer (1831–1893), mathematician, manager in the insurance industry, namesake of the Zillmer process
Not preserved graves
- Anton Anno (1838–1893), actor, director, playwright, theater director
- Christian Andreas Cothenius (1708–1789), General Staff medic, personal physician to Friedrich II.
- Hermann von Dechend (1814–1890), lawyer, finance specialist, first President of the Reichsbank
- Arthur Deetz (1826–1897), actor, director, artistic director
- Marie Deetz (1835–1893), singer, actress, wife of Arthur Deetz
- Georg Demmler (1873–1931), architect, athlete, sports official
- Amint Freising (1826–1905), dancer, dance teacher
- Nikolaus Friedrich (1865–1914), sculptor
- Franz von Gaudy (1800–1840), poet, writer, friend of Adelbert von Chamisso
- Ludwig August Emil Franz von Guionneau (1749–1829), major general, general manager of the army
- Wilhelm Hartmann (1816–1889), lawyer, Reich judge
- Theodor Kipp (1862–1931), lawyer, legal scholar, university professor
- Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff (1699–1753), architect, painter, garden designer, interior decorator (memorial stone in the form of a tombstone; 1964–2014: honorary grave )
- Paul Knüpfer (1865–1920), chamber singer, conductor
- Max Koner (1854–1900), portrait painter
- Sophie Koner (1855–1929), painter, wife of Max Koner
- Wilhelm Koner (1817–1887), librarian, historian, philologist, geographer
- Georg Carl Friedrich Kunowski (1786–1846), lawyer, topographer, geologist, astronomer, theater and railway lawyer
- Theodor Mügge (1802–1861), writer, publicist
- Antoine Pesne (1683–1757), Prussian court painter (memorial stone in the form of a tombstone; 1964–2014: honorary grave )
- Max Rötger (1830–1886), civil servant, President of the Prussian Sea Trade , member of the Prussian State Council and the Prussian Manor House
- Amalie Schramm (1826–1907), singer, actress
- Gustav Spangenberg (1828–1891), painter, university professor
- Louis Spangenberg (1824–1893), architectural painter, brother of Gustav Spangenberg
- Anna von Strantz-Führing (1866–1929), actress, model for the Germania postage stamps of the Reichspost
- Heinrich Wilken (1835–1886), comedy author, actor, theater director
Trinity Cemetery I
A permanent exhibition on the Mendelssohn family has been in the cemetery 's former cemetery chapel since the beginning of November 2013 .
Graves of famous personalities
Honor graves
- Moritz Fürbringer (1802–1874), theologian, educator, city elder of Berlin
- Johann David Heegewaldt (1773–1850), Privy Councilor, local politician, honorary citizen of Berlin
- Fanny Hensel (1805–1847), composer, pianist
- Sebastian Hensel (1830–1898), farmer, entrepreneur, writer, son of Wilhelm and Fanny Hensel
- Wilhelm Hensel (1794–1861), painter, husband of Fanny Hensel
- Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi (1804–1851), mathematician, university professor
- Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (1809–1847), composer, brother of Fanny Hensel
- Heinrich von Stephan (1831–1897), General Postal Director
- Rahel Varnhagen von Ense (1771–1833), writer, salonière
Other preserved graves
- Friedrich Jonas Beschort (1767–1846), actor, singer
- Martin Blumner (1827–1901), composer, conductor, director of the Sing-Akademie zu Berlin
- Albert von Bülow (1829-1892), major general
- Hans Adolf von Bülow (1857–1915), diplomat
- August zu Eulenburg (1838–1921), General of the Infantry, Minister of the Royal House
- Botho zu Eulenburg (1831–1912), lawyer, Prussian Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior
- Bruno Fritsch (1842–1933), Undersecretary of State in the Reich Post Office, politician, member of the Prussian House of Representatives
- Adolf Gusserow (1836–1906), gynecologist, university professor
- Ludwig Ferdinand Hesse (1795–1876), architect, painter
- Hans Hilsdorf (1930–1999), conductor, composer, university professor, director of the Sing-Akademie zu Berlin
- Karl Hochreither (1933–2018), organist, conductor
- Georg Leonhard Hopf (1799–1844), wine merchant, brewer, founder of the Berlin Bock beer brewery
- Hans-Günter Klein (1939–2016), musicologist, librarian, art historian
- Abraham Mendelssohn Bartholdy (1776–1835), banker, local politician (1952–2015: grave of honor)
- Lea Mendelssohn Bartholdy (1777–1842), music and culture patron, wife of Abraham Mendelssohn Bartholdy (1776–1835: grave of honor)
- Paul Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (1812–1874), banker, son of Abraham and Lea Mendelssohn Bartholdy
- Ernst Raupach (1784–1852), writer, playwright
- Woldemar Ribbeck (1830–1902), classical philologist, grammar school director
- Helma Sanders-Brahms (1940–2014), film director
- Johann Gottlieb Schlaetzer (1771–1824), architect, university professor
- August Twesten (1789–1876), theologian, university professor
- Karl Twesten (1820–1870), civil servant, politician
- Karl August Varnhagen von Ense (1785–1858), diplomat, writer
- Tamara Wyss (1950–2016), film director
Not preserved graves
- Heinrich Clauren , actually Johann Gottlieb Samuel Carl Heun (1771–1854), writer
- Heinrich Ernst Ludwig Karl von Flemming (1778–1852), Pomeranian landowner, district administrator
- Johannes Franz (1804–1851), philologist, university professor
- Heinrich Karl Johann Hofmann (1842–1902), composer, pianist
- Ernst Horn (1774–1848), doctor, expert for general and forensic psychiatry, university professor
- Emilie Mayer (1812–1883), composer
- Rudolf Meinecke (1817–1905), Undersecretary of State in the Prussian Ministry of Finance
- August Sabac el Cher (around 1836–1885), valet of the Prussian Prince Albrecht
- Alexander von Schleinitz (1807–1885), Prussian Minister of State and Foreign Minister, Minister of the Royal House
- Marie von Schleinitz (1842–1912), Salonnière, patroness of Richard Wagner, wife of Alexander von Schleinitz
- Moritz Rott (1796–1867), actor, director
- Richard Schmidt-Cabanis (1838–1903), actor, writer
- Peter Feddersen Stuhr (1787–1851), university professor, historian
- Johann Wilhelm Süvern (1775–1829), educator, politician
Cemetery of the Bethlehem or Bohemian Parish
Since the end of the 1720s, Protestant exiles from Bohemia came to Berlin in several waves , where, with the permission of King Friedrich Wilhelm I , they settled primarily in Friedrichstadt. Most of them were members of the artisan class, many of whom only knew the Czech language . They were due to the re-Catholicization policy, the Emperor Charles VI. operated as King of Bohemia, fled from there. In Berlin they were given the right to practice their religion freely, which from the beginning, not least because of the language barriers, also implied holding their own services. At first these took place in halls and in private houses, then the Bohemian colony was allowed to use the Petrikirche . In 1732 a separate parish was founded, the Bethlehem parish, for which a small round church was built from 1735 to 1737 on today's Bethlehemkirchplatz . The name was chosen after the Bethlehem Chapel in Prague , where Jan Hus had served as a preacher.
Burials of Bohemian immigrants have taken place here since the construction of the Jerusalem and New Church cemetery in 1735. Probably because they felt harassed by the grave digger who worked there, the Bethlehem community soon pushed for permission to set up their own “Bohemian burial” at the “Friedrichstadt cemeteries” - including their own grave digger. This right was granted to it in 1736, but it is uncertain whether the opening took place immediately or not until the beginning of the 1740s. The smallest of the then three cemeteries in front of Hallesches Tor also ceded the northern third of its area in 1746 in order to enable the construction of a "God's sack of the Brethren" for some of the Bohemian immigrants. However, both cemeteries remained jointly owned.
In 1827 the cemetery area was expanded to the west, of which today's field 3 has been preserved. Until the reductions in area in the 1950s and 1960s, the cemetery extended north to close to the current location of the America Memorial Library on Blücherplatz in a strip that was only about 32 m wide . As a result of the leveling in this area, the Bethlehem cemetery lost its north wall, which had already been damaged by the war, and the main entrance there. Today the burial place can only be reached via the adjacent cemeteries. In addition, the north-south orientation of the path system is obsolete for the same reason.
The cemetery of the Bethlehem parish is an avenue district cemetery and today has an area of only 4924 m², which is spread over three grave fields. It is bounded by Blücherstrasse (north), the churchyard of the Brethren (north and east), Trinity Cemetery I (east and south) and cemetery III of the Jerusalem and New Churches (south and west). The border to the oldest part of the Holy Trinity Cemetery is only marked by an avenue, while to the west and south rise to walls on which wall graves are laid. In the interior of the cemetery area, other hereditary burials dominate, often in the form of lattice graves.
Most of the wall graves in the Bethlehem cemetery were created before 1850 and are kept rather simple in keeping with the times, especially in contrast to the richly decorated specimens from the imperial era in the neighboring cemeteries. One example is the large wall grave made of plastered sandstone, which was laid out in 1796 and which was used as a burial place for the Mosisch, Tamnau and Stechow families . It is crowned by a late-baroque putto that clasps an urn, one of the oldest sculptures in the cemeteries in front of the Hallesches Tor. The grave field with the crypt below is framed by a grid. The only surviving mausoleum of the Bethlehem cemetery can be found in field 3, a mighty classicist tomb that was built around 1825 for the A. Herrmann family. Two uniformly designed wall surfaces to the left and right of the mausoleum emphasize its effect.
Overall, there are fewer art-historically remarkable tombs to be discovered in the Bethlehem cemetery than in the neighboring cemeteries. The 2.20 m high sandstone stele on the grave of the manufacturer Gottfried Fröhlich (1747–1816), which is crowned by an ornamental vase with a wavy ribbon ornament, is a rare example of the Empire style in Berlin . The grave stele is generously provided with cursive inscriptions - dedications by the widow and daughter for the deceased and his son of the same name, who was also buried here, who died at the age of five. The massive zippus made of black granite, which Franz Schwechten designed for the military historian Max Jähns (1837–1900), is also striking . On the front is a bronze relief with the portrait of the deceased in profile, a work by the sculptor Fritz Heinemann .
From 1978 onwards , the Kreuzberg “painter poet” Kurt Mühlenhaupt (1921–2006) designed the most unusual grave complex on the Bethlehem cemetery for himself and other members of his family. Originally, there were four stainless steel steles to which enamel portraits of the family members were attached. After the portraits were stolen in the mid-1980s, Mühlenhaupt developed the current version of the grave complex with four concrete steles on which the naive-style likenesses with inscriptions underneath are applied. Mühlenhaupt's own grave has been the first honorary grave in the State of Berlin since 2018 , which was dedicated at the Bethlehem cemetery.
The Landesdenkmalamt Berlin lists the Bethlehem cemetery and the remaining remains of the Church of the Brethren together as a garden monument (object number 09046171).
Graves of famous personalities
Honor grave
- Kurt Mühlenhaupt (1921–2006), painter, sculptor, writer
Other preserved graves
- Otto Georg Bogislaf von Glasenapp (1853–1928), lawyer, Vice President of the Reichsbank
- Johannes Evangelista Goßner (1773-1858), theologian, hymn poet, missionary, founder of the Goßner community of preachers
- Max Jähns (1837–1900), military historian
- Gustav Knak (1806–1878), theologian, revival preacher
- Wilhelm Mühlenhaupt (1907–1977), visual artist
Not preserved graves
- Johannes Jaenicke (1748–1827), preacher, missionary school founder
- Martin Meyer-Pyritz (1870–1942), sculptor (his grave slab was repositioned in a memorial in the cemetery after being found in a tomb-like memorial)
Church of the Brethren
Not all religious refugees from Bohemia who had settled in Friedrichstadt joined the Bethlehem community. Rather, some of them remained under the umbrella of the Herrnhuter Brüdergemeine (also known as the 'Herrnhuter Brüder-Unität'), an independent Protestant free church that had its seat in Herrnhut in Upper Lusatia . Since these believers also needed a burial place, the cemetery of the Bethlehem Congregation was divided up for this purpose as early as 1746 and the northern third was left to the Brethren. However, both cemeteries remained in common ownership. The main entrance of the new Gottesackers of the Brethren was on the north side on Pionierweg (from 1813: Pionierstraße , from 1864: Blücherstraße), where an entrance portal was built in 1767. In 1827 the cemetery was expanded to the west.
The Brethren did not allow any individual design of grave sites, so all graves were laid out in the same way as ivy-covered hills, on which pillow stones were laid , based on the model of the cemetery in Herrnhut . The churchyard was divided into two areas, where the burial of “brothers” and “sisters” took place separately according to sex.
The cemetery was closed in 1952. Afterwards it was largely leveled in several steps. Only a narrow strip of land of 200 m² remained at the very northern edge of the cemetery district in front of the Hallesches Tor. The largest part of the Gottesackers of the Brethren was lost in order to enable the construction of Blücherstraße to Mehringdamm, which was carried out from 1967 to 1973. Only four graves remain at the original location. A further 33 graves have been preserved as a result of reburial operations, although the traditional gender segregation and the original direction of occupation were not taken into account. The north wall and main portal of the cemetery were demolished. Some of the oldest grave monuments, 15 grave slabs made of sandstone, which were attached to the north wall, some of them still in Czech, are now on the Bohemian church in Rixdorf , where they are attached to the eastern wall of the cemetery. In the cemetery area in front of Hallesches Tor, part of the wrought-iron lattice that separated the churchyard of the Brethren from the adjacent cemeteries, as well as the southern entrance gate with a broad triangular gable , which was built around 1880.
The remainder of the Church of God is bordered by the Trinity Cemetery I (east and south), the Bethlehem cemetery (south and west) and the extended Blücherstraße (north). The Landesdenkmalamt Berlin lists it and the Bethlehem cemetery together as a garden monument (property number 09046171).
Cemetery II of the Jerusalem and New Church Congregation
Just four decades after the burial site of the congregation of Jerusalem and New Church was first expanded in 1755, there was again insufficient space in the cemetery. Therefore, in 1796 the land adjacent to the south was acquired up to Baruther Strasse, which was only laid out in 1863. The new part of the cemetery in the form of a rectangle was given its own surrounding wall in 1799/1800, which was covered all around with hereditary burials in the form of wall graves or - a few - mausoleums in the course of the 19th century . When the grave sites on the edge of the cemetery were occupied, inner areas were also provided for hereditary burials and mostly lattice graves were built on them. It is not possible to read exactly from the sources when this came about, but the extension part ultimately operated as a separate cemetery II of the two communities. From Berlin Monument Authority both cemeteries but are together listed as a garden monument.
The avenue quarter cemetery with an area of 7034 m² is bordered in the south by Baruther Strasse, in the east by Zossener Strasse, in the north by Cemetery I of the Jerusalem and New Church communities and in the west by Trinity Cemetery I. The smallest of the five Berlin cemeteries Both communities do not have their own entrance, but can only be reached from Cemetery I via the entrances from Zossener Strasse or from Mehringdamm.
The oldest preserved graves in Cemetery II date from the early 19th century. These are the wall graves of the architect David Gilly (1748–1808), the actor and theater director August Wilhelm Iffland (1759–1814) and the Unzelmann family (1815) as well as the classicist pedestal grave with a large decorative urn for the actor Ferdinand Fleck (1757 -1801), designed by Johann Gottfried Schadow . The latter is also considered to be one of the outstanding works of sepulchral culture in the cemetery.
The artistically and art-historically noteworthy grave monuments also include: two Art Nouveau grave pillars for members of the Bennewitz von Loefen family of painters (around 1900, probably both by Ignatius Taschner ); the neo-renaissance mausoleum of the von Caro family (1901 by Kayser & von Großheim ); the Collani family grave with the sculpture of a seated mourning woman (by Hugo Cauer ); the wall grave for Paul Collani with the marble figure of a mourning woman in the form of a half-sculpture (1903 by Collani's son-in-law Albert Manthe ); the tomb for Else von Falkenberg (1880–1907) in the form of a free-standing, open aedicula with a female figure lying on a sarcophagus (around 1907 by Walter Schott ); the classical grave temple for Karl von Graefe and his wife Auguste geb. of old people with portrait busts of the deceased on double pillars (around 1842, probably by Heinrich Strack ); the cast-iron grave cross for Henriette Herz with neo-Gothic elements (based on a design by Karl Friedrich Schinkel ); the grave monument for Heinrich Albert Hofmann and his wife Emma, geb. Knauth with the crowning figure of an angel comforting a mourning woman (around 1880 by Erdmann Encke ); the antique grave wall made of sandstone for the family of Franz Riedel (1848–1897) with a central putti head medallion; the wall grave with aedicula for the family of Georg Stöckel (1853–1929) with the head of Christ as a marble medallion; and the large, multi-part sandstone wall grave for the Weydinger family with a gable designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel.
Like all historical cemeteries in Berlin, Cemetery II of the Jerusalem and New Churches has been affected by the theft or other loss of artifacts such as sculptures and portrait reliefs. A painful loss is a bronze portrait relief created by the sculptor Otto Lessing on the tombstone of the theologian Adolf Sydow , which was probably lost after 1945 due to metal theft . The tondo relief with a double portrait of the married couple Albert Heinrich and Emma Hofmann, which has also been lost, has now been replaced by a copy made on the basis of old photographs. Because of its location on the south side of the cemetery district in front of Hallesches Tor, Cemetery II of the Jerusalem and New Churches was not affected by the area reductions and leveling that took place in the other cemeteries in the area in the 1950s and 1960s.
There are nine tombs in the cemetery that are dedicated to the State of Berlin as graves of honor (as of March 2019). The dedication has now expired for another four graves .
Graves of famous personalities
Honor graves
- Johann Franz Encke (1791–1865), astronomer, first director of the Berlin observatory
- David Gilly (1748-1808), architect
- Albrecht von Graefe (1828–1870), doctor, professor of ophthalmology
- Ernst Ludwig Heim (1747–1834), doctor, honorary citizen of Berlin
- Henriette Herz (1764–1847), writer, salonière
- August Wilhelm Iffland (1759–1814), actor, theater director, poet
- Heinrich Wilhelm Krausnick (1797–1882), Lord Mayor of Berlin, city elder and honorary citizen of Berlin
- Samuel Marot (1770–1865), theologian, pastor at the 'New Church'
- Friedrich Unzelmann (1797–1854), wood cutter
Other preserved graves
- Karl Bennewitz von Loefen the Elder (1826–1895), landscape painter
- Karl Bennewitz von Loefen the Younger (1856–1931), painter
- Friederike Bethmann-Unzelmann (1760–1815), actress, singer
- Georg von Caro (1849–1913), entrepreneur, manor owner
- Emil Dietrich (1844–1912), civil engineer, construction clerk, university professor
- Edwin von Drenkmann (1826–1904), lawyer, President of the Supreme Court , member of the Prussian mansion
- Edward Drory (1844–1904), gas works entrepreneur
- Leonard Drory (1800–1866), engineer, gas works entrepreneur, father of Edward Drory (1990–2017: grave of honor )
- Friedrich Ehrenberg (1776–1852), theologian, writer
- Ferdinand Fleck (1757–1801), actor
- Karl von Graefe (1787–1840), military surgeon, ophthalmologist (1962–2014: honorary grave )
- Heinrich Dietrich von Grolman (1740–1840), lawyer, President of the High Tribunal
- Wilhelm Heinrich von Grolman (1781–1856), lawyer, President of the Supreme Court , son of Heinrich Dietrich von Grolman
- Ernst Ludwig Heim (1747–1834), physician
- Karl Helmerding (1822–1899), actor
- Wilhelm Herbig (1787–1861), painter (1969–2017: grave of honor )
- Heinrich Albert Hofmann (1818–1880), publisher, theater director
- Peter Wilhelm Heinrich Hossbach (1784–1846), theologian
- Theodor Hossbach (1834–1894), theologian, son of Peter Wilhelm Heinrich Hossbach
- Charlotte Leubuscher (1888–1961), social and economic scientist
- Rudolf Leubuscher (1821–1861), doctor, pathologist, psychologist, grandfather of Charlotte Leubuscher
- Gustav Lisco (1819–1887), theologian, preacher
- Hermann Lisco (1850–1923), lawyer, politician, State Secretary in the Reich Justice Office, son of Gustav Lisco
- Guido von Madai (1810–1892), civil servant, police chief in Frankfurt am Main and Berlin
- Artur Märchen (1932–2002), artist from the group of Berlin painter-poets
- Bernhard Naunyn (1839–1925), internist, cancer researcher (1962–2012: honorary grave )
- Franz Christian Naunyn (1799–1860), local politician, mayor, father of Bernhard Naunyn
- Hermann von Soden (1852–1914), theologian
- Adolf Sydow (1800–1882), theologian, court preacher
- Emil Taubert (1844–1895), educator, philologist, writer
- Gustav Adolf von Tzschoppe (1794–1842), administrative lawyer, director of the Secret State Archives
- Robert Wilms (1840–1880), physician, chief physician at Bethanien Hospital
Not preserved graves
- Karl Brinkmann (1854–1901), administrative lawyer
- Auguste Crelinger (1795–1865), actress
- Alexander Dorn (1833–1901), composer, choir conductor, music teacher
- Clara Liedtcke born Stich (1820–1862), actress, daughter of Auguste Crelinger
- Theodor Liedtcke (1828–1902), actor, husband of Clara Liedtcke
- Max von Pape (1851–1926), Lieutenant General
- Johann Daniel Riedel (1786–1843), pharmacist, entrepreneur
- Anton Rothe (1837–1905), administrative lawyer, Undersecretary of State in the Reich Office of the Interior
- Max Samst (1859–1932), actor, theater director
Cemetery III of the Jerusalem and New Church Congregation
Graves of famous personalities
Honor graves
- Heinrich Barth (1821–1865), geographer, archaeologist, explorer
- Adelbert von Chamisso (1781–1838), poet, naturalist
- Adelbert Delbrück (1822–1890), lawyer, banker, President of the German Industry and Commerce Congress
- Christian August Friedrich Garcke (1819–1904), botanist
- Adolf Glaßbrenner (1810–1876), writer, humorist
- Carl Hirsekorn (1851–1940), lawyer, local politician, city elder of Berlin
- ETA Hoffmann (1776–1822), writer, composer, conductor, painter
- August Carl Friedrich Hollmann (1776–1858), entrepreneur, local politician, city elder of Berlin
- Carl Ferdinand Langhans (1781–1869), architect
- Wilhelm Adolf Lette (1799–1868), social politician, lawyer, founder of the women's professional educational institutions
- Clara von Simson (1897–1983), natural scientist, politician, city elder of Berlin
- Eduard von Simson (1810–1899), lawyer, legal scholar, politician, university professor, President of the Frankfurt National Assembly and the Reichstag, President of the Reich Court in Leipzig
- Friedrich August von Staegemann (1763–1840), civil servant, politician, diplomat, poet, head of the Prussian Bank, honorary citizen of Berlin
Other preserved graves
- Curt Adam (1875-1941), ophthalmologist
- Constantin von Altrock (1861–1942), lieutenant general, journalist
- Johann Jacob Baeyer (1794–1885), geodesist, lieutenant general, director of the Prussian Geodetic Institute
- Karl Gustav Berndal (1830–1885), actor
- Max von Beseler (1841–1921), lawyer, Prussian state and justice minister, member of the Prussian manor house
- Karl Wilhelm Borchardt (1817–1880), mathematician
- Paul Dehnicke (1839–1914), actor, Schlaraffe ("Adonis the only one")
- Ludwig Delbrück (1860–1913), banker
- Theodor Döring (1803–1878), actor, holder of the Iffland-Ring
- Felix Ehrlich (1877–1942), biochemist, university professor
- Minona Frieb-Blumauer (1816–1886), actress, singer
- Wilhelm Grabensee (1841–1915), veterinarian, hippologist
- Friedrich Haase (1825–1911), actor, holder of the Iffland ring
- Walther Harich (1888–1931), writer, literary historian
- Wolfgang Harich (1923–1995), philosopher, publicist, resistance fighter, son of Walther Harich
- Friedrich Jolly (1844–1904), psychiatrist, university professor
- August Junkermann (1832–1915), actor, director, reciter
- Dietmar Kamper (1936–2001), philosopher, educationalist, sociologist, university lecturer
- Kurt Kärnbach (1877–1914), veterinarian, university professor
- August Kind (1824–1904), architect, building officer for the Reichspost
- Otto Knille (1832–1898), painter, illustrator
- Adolph L'Arronge (1838–1908), writer, critic, theater director, conductor
- Rudi Lesser (1902–1988), painter, etcher, lithographer
- Reinhard Lettau (1929–1996), writer, literary scholar
- Rudolf Löwenstein (1819–1891), writer, co-editor of Kladderadatsch
- Paul Mendelssohn Bartholdy the Elder (1841–1880), chemist, industrialist, co-founder of the Agfa company
- Ernst Siegfried Mittler (1785–1870), publisher, editor, local politician
- Marie von Olfers (1826–1924), painter, poet, salonière
- Rudolf Radecke (1829–1893), composer, choir director, music teacher
- Theodor Reichmann (1849–1903), singer
- Johannes Schenk (1941–2006), writer
- Ernst Schering (1824–1889), pharmacist, entrepreneur
- Richard Schering (1859–1942), pharmacist and entrepreneur
- Rudolf Schering (1843–1901), Vice Admiral
- Paul von Schwabach (1867–1938), banker and historian, owner of Gut Kerzendorf near Ludwigsfelde
- Carl Heinrich von Siemens (1829–1906), industrialist
- Elisabeth von Staegemann (1761–1835), writer, painter, salonière
- Willy Stöwer (1864–1931), marine painter
- Carl Tausig (1841–1871), pianist, composer, music teacher
- Ernst Heinrich Toelken (1785–1864), archaeologist, art historian, philosopher, university professor, director of the antiquarian shop
- Leopold Wölfling (1868–1935), writer, journalist, until 1902 Archduke Leopold Ferdinand of Austria-Tuscany
Not preserved graves
- Georg Andresen (1845–1929), classical philologist, pedagogue
- Ludwig Berger (1777–1839), composer, pianist, piano teacher
- Hans Bethge (1890–1918), fighter pilot
- Carl Blum (1786–1844), composer, singer, actor, director, librettist
- Hermann Dannenberg (1824–1905), numismatist
- Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Duncker (1781–1869), bookseller, publisher
- Wilhelm Eben (1849–1924), Lieutenant General
- Conrad Freyberg (1842–1915), painter, sculptor
- Fritz von Friedlaender-Fuld (1858–1917), industrialist (his mausoleum has been preserved, but the urn was moved to another location in 1947/1948)
- Albert Gern (1789–1869), actor
- Heinrich Adolf Holland (1828–1900), architect
- Reinhold Köpke (1839–1915), classical philologist, Prussian ministerial official
- Heinrich Friedrich Link (1767–1851), botanist, chemist, university professor
- John Prince-Smith (1809–1874), economist, politician, member of the Prussian House of Representatives and the Reichstag
- Otto Regenbogen (1855–1925), veterinarian, university professor
- Hermann Rumschöttel (1844–1918), railway engineer, building officer
- Emil von Rußdorf (1813–1868), physician, politician, author
- Anna Sachse-Hofmeister (1850–1904), opera singer
- Wilhelm von Schack (1786–1831), major general
- Robert Hermann Schomburgk (1804–1865), explorer, geometer
- Bernhard von Simson (1840–1915), historian, university professor
- Ferdinand von Strantz (1821–1909), military man, actor, artistic director, singer, director
- Adolph Wagner (1835–1917), economist and finance scientist, university lecturer
- Robert Warschauer senior (1816–1884), banker
Other graves of important personalities
In some cases, lost graves can no longer be assigned to a specific dead field in the cemetery area in front of Hallesches Tor. This applies to the graves of:
- Elisa von Ahlefeldt (1788–1855), Salonière
- Franz Ferdinand Benary (1805–1880), theologian, orientalist, university professor
- Conrad Bornhak (1861–1944), lawyer, legal and constitutional historian, university professor
- Hans Brennert (1870–1942), writer, playwright and screenwriter
- Marie Dietrich (1865 / 1868–1939), opera singer, singing teacher
- Max Kruse (1854–1942), sculptor
- Friedrich Wilhelm Marpurg (1718–1795), music scholar
- Eduard Pape (1817–1905), painter
- Lebrecht Rebenstein (1788–1832), actor, opera singer
- August von Vietinghoff (1783–1847), officer, known for his friendship with Friedrich Friesen
- Sophie Marie von Voß (1729–1814), Chief Chamberlain, known for her memoirs Sixty-Nine Years at the Prussian Court
- Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder (1773–1798), lawyer, writer, co-founder of German Romanticism
See also
literature
- Peter Bloch, Ludwig Scherhag: Tombs in Berlin III. Example: The 18th century churchyards in front of the Hallesches Tor. Berlin 1980, DNB 810633841 .
- Christoph Fischer, Renate Schein (ed.): "O ewich is so long". The historic cemeteries in Berlin-Kreuzberg. A workshop report. Exhibition catalog 6 of the Landesarchiv Berlin. Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-87584-204-9 .
- Klaus Hammer: Cemeteries in Berlin. An art and cultural history guide. Jaron Verlag, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-89773-132-0 , pp. 76-86.
- Jörg Haspel, Klaus von Krosigk (Ed.): Garden monuments in Berlin - cemeteries. edited by Katrin Lesser, Jörg Kuhn and Detlev Pietzsch (= contributions to monument preservation. 27). Imhof, Petersberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-86568-293-2 .
- Hans-Jürgen Mende : Lexicon of Berlin tombs . Haude and Spener, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-7759-0476-X , pp. 85–89, 106–117, 127–128.
Web links
- Historic Churchyards and Cemeteries Foundation
- Where-they-rest, famous graves in the cemeteries in front of Hallesches Tor
Individual evidence
- ↑ Permanent exhibition on the history of the Mendelssohn family at the Dreifaltigkeitsfriedhof in front of Hallesches Tor , www.mendelssohn-gesellschaft.de, accessed online on May 17, 2013.
- ↑ Gerhard Kruschke Eichendorf: The Bohemian Brethren Congregation for 240 years in Berlin . In: The Church. Evangelical weekly newspaper. Vol. 25, No. 1, January 4, 1970, accessed April 8, 2019.
- ^ Hans-Jürgen Mende : Lexicon of Berlin burial places . Pharus-Plan, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-86514-206-1 , p. 220. Cemetery of the exiles. The Bethlehem cemetery and the Bohemian churchyard . Description of the cemeteries on the website "Save Berlin Tombs" of the State Monuments Office Berlin, accessed on April 8, 2019.
- ↑ Bethlehem cemetery and churchyard of the Brethren . Description of the cemeteries in the database of the Berlin State Monuments Office, accessed on April 7, 2019.
- ^ HJ Mende: Lexicon of Berlin burial places. 2018, p. 220. Cemetery of the exiles. The Bethlehem cemetery and the Bohemian churchyard . Description of the cemeteries on the website "Save Berlin Tombs" of the State Monuments Office Berlin, accessed on April 8, 2019.
- ^ HJ Mende: Lexicon of Berlin burial places. 2018, p. 220.
- ↑ Bethlehem cemetery and churchyard of the Brethren . Description of the cemeteries in the database of the Berlin State Monuments Office, accessed on April 7, 2019.
- ^ HJ Mende: Lexicon of Berlin burial places. 2018, pp. 221–222. Bethlehem Cemetery and Church of the Brethren . Description of the cemeteries in the database of the Berlin State Monuments Office, accessed on April 7, 2019.
- ↑ Weeping for wife and child. Gustav Fröhlich's tomb . Description of the tomb on the website "Berliner Denkmale Retten" of the Landesdenkmalamt Berlin, accessed on April 8, 2019.
- ↑ Bethlehem cemetery and churchyard of the Brethren . Description of the cemeteries in the database of the Berlin State Monuments Office, accessed on April 7, 2019.
- ↑ Bethlehem cemetery and churchyard of the Brethren . Description of the cemeteries in the database of the Berlin State Monuments Office (accessed April 7, 2019). Debora Paffen, Hans-Jürgen Mende: The cemeteries in front of the Hallesches Tor. A cemetery guide . Part 1. Edition Luisenstadt, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-89542-132-4 , p. 78.
- ↑ Bethlehem cemetery and churchyard of the Brethren . Description of the cemeteries in the database of the Berlin State Monuments Office, accessed on April 7, 2019.
- ^ HJ Mende: Lexicon of Berlin burial places. 2018, p. 229.Bethlehem Cemetery and Church of the Brethren . Description of the cemetery in the database of the Berlin State Monuments Office, accessed on April 7, 2019.
- ↑ Bethlehem cemetery and churchyard of the Brethren . Description of the cemetery in the database of the Berlin State Monuments Office, accessed on April 7, 2019.
- ^ HJ Mende: Lexicon of Berlin burial places. 2018, p. 229.Bethlehem Cemetery and Church of the Brethren . Description of the cemeteries in the database of the Berlin State Monuments Office, accessed on April 7, 2019. Cemetery of the exiles. The Bethlehem cemetery and the Bohemian churchyard . Description of the cemeteries on the website "Save Berlin Tombs" of the State Monuments Office Berlin, accessed on April 8, 2019.
- ^ HJ Mende: Lexicon of Berlin burial places. 2018, p. 229.Bethlehem Cemetery and Church of the Brethren . Description of the cemeteries in the database of the Berlin State Monuments Office, accessed on April 7, 2019.
- ^ HJ Mende: Lexicon of Berlin burial places. 2018, pp. 230-236. Cemetery I and II of the Jerusalem and New Churches . Description of the cemetery in the database of the Berlin State Monuments Office, accessed on March 26, 2019.
- ^ HJ Mende: Lexicon of Berlin burial places. 2018, pp. 210, 230, 238, 287, 821. Cemetery I and II of the Jerusalem and New Church . Description of the cemetery in the database of the Berlin State Monuments Office, accessed on March 26, 2019.
- ^ HJ Mende: Lexicon of Berlin burial places. 2018, pp. 230-236. Cemetery I and II of the Jerusalem and New Churches . Description of the cemetery in the database of the Berlin State Monuments Office, accessed on March 26, 2019.
- ^ HJ Mende: Lexicon of Berlin burial places. 2018, p. 235.
- ↑ Witty political strolling. Albert Hofmann tomb . Brief biography of Hofmann and description of the tomb on the website "Berliner Grabmale Retten" of the Landesdenkmalamt Berlin, accessed on March 26, 2019.
- ^ Hans-Jürgen Mende : Lexicon of Berlin burial places. 2018, pp. 210, 218, 220, 223, 229-230.
- ↑ Honorary graves of the State of Berlin (as of November 2018) . (PDF, 413 kB) Senate Department for the Environment, Transport and Climate Protection, pp. 19, 26–27, 33, 35, 39, 47, 55, 88; accessed on March 26, 2019.
Coordinates: 52 ° 29 ′ 43 ″ N , 13 ° 23 ′ 31 ″ E