Max Kruse (sculptor)
Max Kruse , also Carl Max Kruse (born April 14, 1854 in Berlin ; † October 26, 1942 there ), married to the doll maker Käthe Kruse (1883–1968), was a member of the Secession artists' group , the German Association of Artists and the Academy of Arts in Berlin.
Life
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After graduating from high school, Kruse studied architecture at the State Building School in Stuttgart from 1874 to 1877 . He also attended the local art school, gave up studying architecture in 1877 and switched to the Royal Academic College of Fine Arts in Berlin , where he completed his studies in sculpture under Fritz Schaper and Albert Wolff in 1879. He became known with the statue of the messenger of the marathon ("NENIKEKAMEN" - Greek, νενικήκαμεν , for "We have won"), which brought him a gold medal and the Rome price at the 1881 academy exhibition . So he was able to connect 1881-1882 and 1900 stays in Rome to his artistic training.
As a member of the Berlin Artists' Association (1883–1891), he created the tomb sculpture for his father's grave in 1887. Love puts the corpse of an old man back in nature's lap . After his return, Max Kruse moved into a residential studio in what was then the city of Charlottenburg near Berlin , which the architect Bernhard Sehring had built and named the building the Künstlerhaus zum St. Lukas .
Kruse was also successful as an inventor. His process for perfecting lithophanes and a sculptor's copier were patented in his name in 1897. For Max Reinhardt (1873–1943), Kruse designed modern stage sets from 1902 and designed the first circular horizon for theater stages with three-dimensional set pieces.
He invited Katharina Simon, a young actress whom he had met in the Café des Westens , to visit his studio. And although there was an age difference of 30 years, Kruse impressed the young woman so much that the two quickly became closer, a daughter was born (Maria Speranza Kruse) and they soon got married. Katharina, known as Käthe , gave up acting at Max's insistence. Max Kruse encouraged Käthe at Christmas in 1905 to make a snuggly doll for her daughter, which quickly found favor with relatives and friends, so that Käthe kept producing new dolls. So she became famous as the “doll mother”.
After all, the couple had seven children together, for whom new dolls were constantly required. Max Kruse also had four children from a previous marriage, including the German painter Annemarie von Jakimow-Kruse (1889–1977).
In 1907 Kruse received the royal professorship and one year later joined the Berlin Secession , on whose board he was a member.
From 1910, Käthe moved into her husband's studio in the above-mentioned. Künstlerhaus, in which sculpture studios were set up on the ground floor and painting workshops under the roof. Max Kruse now also taught stone carving at the Lewin Funcke School in Kantstrasse . His wife left Berlin in 1912 because the apartment had become too small and moved with the children to Bad Kösen . There the city fathers offered her production facilities for the dolls. She now hired women to manufacture and began to distribute her products. The toy, now known as the Käthe Kruse doll , was soon sent to many countries around the world. Since then, Max and Käthe have been relatively uncomplicated and have traveled regularly together and visited each other.
In 1913 Max Kruse became a member of the Academy of Arts . In 1925 he published the book A Path to New Form, which anticipated the development of a modern sculpture in the spirit of Henry Moore . Kruse lived mainly in Berlin and in the monastery on Hiddensee , more rarely in Bad Kösen and traveled a lot.
Max Kruse died in Berlin in 1942 at the age of 88. His grave, which has not been preserved, was in one of the cemeteries in front of Hallesches Tor . It is not known exactly which one.
The children's book author Max Kruse ( Urmel aus dem Eis ) was the youngest son of Max and Käthe Kruse.
Works
Kruse created statues, groups of figures and mainly portrait busts in his Berlin studio on Fasanenstrasse.
His most famous works are:
- The messenger of victory from Marathon , 1881, original in the Alte Nationalgalerie , copies u. a. at the Theater des Westens and Krefeld (as a small bronze in various sizes, the "Siegesbote" is one of the most frequently reproduced sculptures of the late 19th and early 20th centuries)
- Nietzsche bust and Uhland herme for Viktoriapark , 1900, original today in the Leibniz-Oberschule in Berlin.
- Several figures on the front gable at the Theater des Westens, Berlin
- Figure of Persephone in the park cemetery Berlin-Neukölln, 1915
- Portrait bust group Eva and Peter Kruse , 1890
- Young Love Group , 1895/97
literature
- Fritz Stahl: Max Kruse. Wasmuth, Berlin 1924
- Max Kruse: A way to a new form. Dietrich, Munich undated [1925]
- Carl-Peter Steinmann: Sunday walks 2. Discoveries in Charlottenburg, Friedrichshain, Gesundbrunnen, Grunewald, Karlshorst, Prenzlauer Berg , Transit Verlag Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-88747-286-3 .
Web links
- Literature by and about Max Kruse in the catalog of the German National Library
- Literature about Max Kruse in the state bibliography MV
Individual evidence
- ↑ kuenstlerbund.de: Full members of the German Association of Artists since it was founded in 1903 / Kruse, Max ( Memento of the original from February 24, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on September 29, 2015)
- ↑ Peter Bloch, Sibylle Einholz a . Jutta von Simson: Ethos and Pathos. The Berlin School of Sculpture 1786–1914 . Berlin 1990, pp. 164-165.
- ↑ Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker: Vol. 22, 1929, Leipzig, pp. 18-19
- ↑ a b Steinmann: Sunday walks , p. 86 f.
- ^ Künstlerhaus St. Lukas , on berlin.de
- ↑ 129. Walk through the neighborhood on September 8, 2012: Kantstr. 159: Study studios for painting and sculpture , on berlin.de, accessed on May 14, 2016
- ↑ Kruse, Max . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists of the XX. Century. tape 3 : K-P . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1956, p. 128 .
- ^ Hans-Jürgen Mende : Lexicon of Berlin burial places . Pharus-Plan, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-86514-206-1 , p. 219.
- ↑ Documentary Puppenkinder by Gabriele Dinsenbacher , 1998
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Kruse, Max |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Kruse-Lietzendorf; Kruse, Carl Max; Kruse, Karl Max |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German sculptor and set designer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 14, 1854 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Berlin |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 26, 1942 |
| Place of death | Berlin |