Fritz Schaper
Hugo Wilhelm Fritz (Friedrich) Schaper (born July 31, 1841 in Alsleben (Saale) ; † November 29, 1919 in Berlin ) was a German sculptor and medalist of the late 19th century and a representative of the Berlin School of Sculpture . From 1875 he taught as head of the nude room for sculpture and from 1880 to 1890 as a professor at the Berlin Art Academy .
Life
Schaper was born as the fourth son of Pastor Friedrich Gottfried Peter Schaper and his wife Antonie Schaper geb. Heiligenstädt. On January 6, 1848, when Fritz was not yet 7 years old, his father died and his mother moved to Halle (Saale) with her seven children . She died the following year on July 14, 1849, and the children were placed with different families. Fritz Schaper grew up with Graf Kielmannsegg , first in the country, then again in Halle. There he attended the secondary school of the Francke Foundations . He left when he was 15 and completed an apprenticeship as a stonemason at CA Merckel. This showed his talent and the desire to become a sculptor arose.
For further training, Schaper went to Berlin in 1859, where he attended the Berlin Art Academy for two years . There he practiced, among other things, anatomical drawing and drawing according to antiquity. At the same time he became a student of the sculptor Albert Wolff in 1860 . Just like Wolff, who was a friend and student of Christian Daniel Rauch, who had recently died , Schaper took Rauch as a model for his further artistic work. On his 23rd birthday, Schaper got his parental inheritance paid out, which brought him more financial independence. In 1865/1866 he created his first independent work, the plaster group Bacchus and Ariadne . In 1867 he traveled to the world exhibition in Paris . He then set up his first own studio on Grosse Praesidentstrasse, but soon moved to Albrechtstrasse . In the same year he got an order for a Borussia and two lions at the war memorial in Halle, which was unveiled in 1872. Initially, however, there were still no major orders.
In the 1870s, Schaper often took part in artist competitions. An important success was the 1st prize in the competition for the Berlin Goethe monument in 1871, which he was commissioned to carry out two years later and which was unveiled in the Tiergarten in 1880. In 1875 he became head of the nude room for sculpture under Anton von Werner . This position earned him a secure income and a higher reputation. Other important orders followed, including for the Cologne Bismarck Monument , the Braunschweig Gauß Monument and Hamburg Lessing Monument . Schaper also created his first busts during this time .
In January 1880 Schaper became a member of the Prussian Academy of the Arts , and in June of the same year, on the day the Goethe monument was unveiled, he was awarded the title of professor. In the following year he became a member of the Senate of the Academy of Arts and an honorary member of the Dresden Art Academy . He received various awards such as the Knight's Cross of the House Order of the White Falcon (1881), the Commander's Cross of the Order of the Oak Crown (1882), and became a Knight of the Prussian Order Pour le Mérite (1884). Schaper's popularity as a sculptor grew, and he increasingly received direct commissions without having to assert himself against competitors. He made numerous busts for private individuals and institutions. In 1884 his monument to August von Goeben was unveiled in Koblenz, and in 1889 his first entrepreneur monument , the Alfred Krupp monument at the Marktkirche in Essen.
In 1890 Schaper gave up his teaching post and moved into his own house with a studio on Buchenstrasse. In the following year he married Helene Rittershaus, a daughter of the poet Emil Rittershaus . The marriage had four children: Hedwig (1892–1925), Eva (1893–1977), Wolfgang (1895–1930) and Dorothea (1897–1985). The latter two were later also active as sculptors.
In the 1890s, Schaper received, in addition to many other commissions, for the first time those that required imperial approval. Among other things, he created eight monuments depicting princely people. The sandstone gable relief on the main facade of the Reichstag building (1891–1893) is also an important work of this creative period.
The 20th century began for Schaper with a severe psychological crisis and depression , which in 1900 forced him to stay at the Bellevue Sanatorium . In the following years he had health problems and his artistic activity decreased. In 1901 he received a large gold medal at the Great Berlin Art Exhibition . He toured Italy (1901), Sicily (1906) and America (1907). In 1903 he received one last imperial commission, the Old Germanic wisent hunt for the Berlin zoo. In 1905 he was re-elected Senator of the Academy of Arts and received two awards, the Red Eagle Order II. Class with Oak Leaves for the Monument to the Great Elector and the Crown Order II. Class with a Star for Johann von Küstrin . In the period after that, he mainly created busts and less monuments.
In the 1910s, Schaper increasingly turned to tomb sculpture. A few weeks after the beginning of World War I , his son Wolfgang was seriously injured on the Western Front, which necessitated a leg amputation. This burdened Schaper in the following years, in addition there were motor disorders of the right hand, from which he suffered from 1915 and an incipient blindness. Most of the time he only led his assistants with the sculpting and made final corrections. He died in 1919 at the age of 78.
Schaper was one of the signatories of the appeal to the cultural world of October 4, 1914.
The court jeweler Hugo Schaper, who among other things made the crown of Kaiser Wilhelm II , was a brother of Fritz Schaper. The pollster Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann was a granddaughter of Fritz Schaper. Schaper was given a Berlin grave of honor in Cemetery IV of the Jerusalem and New Church congregation on Bergmannstrasse in Kreuzberg .
student
- Karl Albert Bergmeier (1856-1897)
- Emil Fuchs (1866–1929)
- Paul Peterich (1864-1937)
- Richard Rusche (1851-1935)
- Paul Türpe (1859–1944)
- Wilhelm Wandschneider (1866–1942)
Honors
- 1881: Knight's Cross of the Saxon-Weimar House Order of the White Falcon
- 1882: Prussian Red Eagle Order IV class
- 1884: Order Pour le Mérite for Science and the Arts (1905 Vice Chancellor, 1915 Chancellor)
- 1901: Great gold medal at the Great Berlin Art Exhibition
- 1905: Prussian Order of the Red Eagle, 2nd class with oak leaves
- 1905: Prussian Crown Order II. Class with star
- 1936: Monument and honorary citizenship of his native town Alsleben (Saale)
Works
- Aachen : equestrian statue of Emperor Wilhelm I, 1901
-
Berlin :
- Prussian Madonna
- Monument group 25 in Berlin's Siegesallee in the Tiergarten with the central statue of the Great Elector Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg and the side busts of Field Marshal Georg von Derfflinger and the Chief President of the Privy Council of State Otto Freiherr von Schwerin , erected in 1901, moved to Große Sternallee in 1938, from 1978 until 2009 in the Berlin Lapidarium , since May 2009 in the Spandau Citadel
- Standing figure of the Great Elector at the age of his accession to the throne in the White Hall of the City Palace; destroyed
- Seated figure of Empress Augusta erected in
1895 on the Opera Square in front of the Royal Library, moved to the park of Monbijou Castle in 1928 ; destroyed in World War II - Statue Otto von Bismarck in the German Historical Museum
- Christ statue for the Berlin Cathedral
- Christ statue for the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church
- Old Germanic buffalo hunt for the zoo
- Goethe Monument in the Tiergarten (1880)
- Bust of Ernst Küster (1839–1930), approx. 1907, now owned by the Charité
- Relief portrait (bronze) on the memorial plaque for Eduard Grell in the Nikolaiviertel , Poststrasse 12, 1886, marble setting on the grave of Ed. Grell, Friedrichswerderscher Friedhof , Bergmannstrasse 42
- Bronze bust of the architect Hermann Wentzel (1820–1889) on his grave monument in the Dorotheenstädtischer Friedhof , Chausseestraße 126
- Relief portrait tondo on the tomb for the Prussian Minister-Resident and Privy Councilor of Justice Max Siegfried Borchardt (1815–1880) in the Dorotheenstädtischer Friedhof , Chausseestraße 126
- Relief portraits of Caroline (1817–1884) and Heinrich von Sybel (1817–1895) at their grave in the Old St. Matthew Cemetery on Großgörschenstrasse
- Bronze relief portrait tondo on the tombstone of the composer, conductor and music theorist Martin Blumner (1827–1901) on Cemetery I of the Holy Trinity Community in Kreuzberg
- Friedrich Schleiermacher monument (bust), in front of the Holy Trinity Church on Mohrenstrasse, which was destroyed in the Second World War
- Gable relief of the Reichstag building , 1893
- Bielefeld : Statue of the Great Elector on the Sparrenburg , 1900
- Bochum : Monument to Louis Baare , 1899, destroyed
- Braunschweig : Carl-Friedrich-Gauß - statue , 1880, cast in bronze by Hermann Heinrich Howaldt
-
Wroclaw : statue of the Great Elector
on the model in the Berlin Victory Boulevard , private foundation of Emperor, 1901 in the barracks of . Leib-Cuirassier Regiment "Great Elector" (Silesian) No one erected
in 1935 cuts and reorganization in Sagan , after 1945 eliminated - Darmstadt : equestrian statue of Grand Duke Ludwig IV , 1898
- Dresden : Tomb of the von Schmeling family in the Johannisfriedhof , 1906
- Düsseldorf : “Farewell” tomb in the north cemetery , 1917
- Lutherstadt Eisleben : Friedrich Koenig Monument , 1891
- Emden : Statue of the Great Elector, erected on the Knock since 1969
- Erfurt : Luther Monument in Erfurt, 1889
- Essen : Alfred Krupp monument, on the south side of the Marktkirche, 1889
-
Fehrbellin : bronze statue of the Great Elector
The monument, a private foundation of the emperor, was erected on a base made of gray granite on the Kanonenberg and was unveiled on October 18, 1902. The bronze casting took place in the corporation vorm. Hermann Gladenbeck & Son in Berlin-Friedrichshagen - Geldern : Kaiser Wilhelm I statue on the Small Market, 1913
-
Pouring :
- Liebigdenkmal , 1890 (destroyed in 1945)
- Tomb of the Mahla-Gail family in the old cemetery
-
Halle (Saale) :
- Robert Franz Memorial on Universitätsring, 1903
- Bronze bust of the lawyer and co-founder of the University of Halle, Christian Thomasius, in the stairwell of the main university building
-
Hamburg : Lessing monument on the Gänsemarkt
The bronze reliefs on the base show the actor Conrad Ekhof and the professor Hermann Samuel Reimarus . - Helgoland : Hoffmann von Fallersleben , 1892
- Kaub : Blücher statue in the Rhine enclosures, 1894
- Kiel : Carl Loewe bust
- Koblenz : Goeben monument , 1884
- Cologne : Bismarck monument on Augustinerplatz in 1879 (stolen after 1945)
- Küstrin : statue of the Brandenburg margrave Hans von Küstrin , destroyed
- Löbejün : Carl Loewe monument (bust)
- Lübeck : Portrait of Ernst Curtius , 1884; Marble busts of Prince Bismarck and Count Moltke, citizenship hall in the town hall, acquired in 1887
- Mönchengladbach : Bismarck monument, 1899, destroyed
- Neunkirchen (Saar) : Bronze statue of the mining entrepreneur Carl Ferdinand von Stumm-Halberg , 1902. The bronze was cast in the joint stock company vorm. Hermann Gladenbeck & Son in Berlin-Friedrichshagen
- Pillau : statue of the great elector; Dismantled for melting down in 1942, but re-erected in Eckernförde after the Second World War (see above)
- Prenzlau : Wilhelm-Grabow - Obelisk with relief medallion of the scholar, in the city park, inaugurated in 1875
- Venice : Richard Wagner monument, stands in the gardens of the Giardini, edited 1906–1908, commissioned by Adolph Thiem
- Weißenfels : Marble bust of the Novalis grave monument , 1901
- ( Wuppertal -) Barmen : Emil Rittershaus statue, 1899/1900
also
- Bronze bust of the physiological chemist Moritz Traube
Individual evidence
- ^ L. Forrer: Biographical Dictionary of Medallists . tape V . Spink & Son Ltd., London 1912, p. 358 .
- ^ L. Forrer: Biographical Dictionary of Medallists . tape VIII . Spink & Son Ltd., London 1930, p. 191 .
- ↑ artist. Fritz Schaper. German Society for Medal Art V., accessed on July 10, 2014 .
- ^ A b c Regine Körkel-Hinkfoth: Life data on Fritz Schaper (1841-1919). In: Uwe Hinkfoth (ed.): Fritz Schaper, the rediscovery of the monument. Goch 2000, pp. 113-117.
- ↑ http://www.royal-magazin.de/german/preussen/hohenzollern-kronen-2.htm
- ↑ http://www.efeu-ev.de/kunst5.html
- ↑ http://stiftung-historische-friedhoefe.de/fritz-schaper/
- ↑ Information about the Goethe Memorial in Berlin , Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences
- ^ Wolfgang Funken: Ars Publica Düsseldorf , Volume 2, 2012, ISBN 978-3-8375-0874-1 , Object 0553, p. 604
- ↑ https://saalekreis.im-bild.org/fotos/denkmaeler/carl-loewe-bueste
literature
- Anton von Werner : Addresses and speeches by the director Anton von Werner to the students of the Royal Academic University for the Fine Arts in Berlin and list of teachers, officials and students of the same since 1875. Schuster, Berlin 1896, p. 227f, Friedrich Schaper. (Short biography) HTML, accessed September 1, 2018.
- Jutta von Simson: Fritz Schaper. 1841-1919. Prestel, Munich 1976, ISBN 3-7913-0090-3 . (= Berlin sculptor , volume 1.) (= materials on the art of the nineteenth century , volume 19.)
- Peter Bloch , Waldemar Grzimek : Classic Berlin. The Berlin School of Sculpture in the nineteenth century. Propylaea publishing house u. a., Frankfurt am Main 1978, ISBN 3-549-06631-7 . / Revised new edition, Gebr. Mann, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-7861-1767-5 .
- Peter Bloch, Sibylle Einholz , Jutta von Simson (eds.): Ethos and Pathos. The Berlin School of Sculpture 1786–1914. 2 volumes (Vol. 1: Exhibition catalog; Vol. 2: Articles with short biographies of Berlin sculptors ) Gebr. Mann, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-7861-1597-4 (Vol. 1), ISBN 3-7861-1598-2 (Vol . 2). (Catalog for the exhibition of the sculpture gallery of the State Museums of Prussian Cultural Heritage from May 19 to July 29, 1990 in Hamburger Bahnhof)
- Alfred Etzold: The Dorotheenstadt cemetery. The burial places on Berlin's Chausseestrasse. (with photos by Wolfgang Türk) Links, Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-86153-058-9 .
- Uwe Hinkfoth (Ed.): Fritz Schaper. The rediscovery of the monument. (Catalog book for the exhibition in Museum Goch, July 30th to September 3rd, 2000) Museum Goch, Goch 2000, ISBN 3-926245-47-6 .
- Jutta von Simson: Schaper, Hugo Wilhelm Friedrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-428-11203-2 , p. 562 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Dagmar Frings, Jörg Kuhn: The Borchardts. On the trail of a Berlin family. Hentrich & Hentrich, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-942271-17-2 .
Web links
- Works by and about Fritz Schaper in the German Digital Library
- Literature by and about Fritz Schaper in the catalog of the German National Library
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Schaper, Fritz |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Schaper, Friedrich; Schaper, Hugo Wilhelm Fritz (full name) |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German sculptor |
DATE OF BIRTH | July 31, 1841 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Alsleben (Saale) |
DATE OF DEATH | November 29, 1919 |
Place of death | Berlin |