Knock (East Frisia)
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Knock is the name of the most south-westerly corner of the historic Krummhörn landscape in East Frisia , just under fifteen kilometers west of the city center of the seaport town of Emden . Administratively, the area belongs to the city of Emden and within it to the district of Wybelsum . "At the Knock" - as is always said - are the sluice and pumping station Knock on the large Mahlbusen as well as a modern radar and lighthouse , next to it also a campsite and the Mahlbusen of the Knockster Tief, which is used as a water sports area .
history
South of today's headland "Knock" was the eponymous old sluice and ferry village Knock, which was diked after storm surges and sank in today's Ems. The origin of the name is unclear. It could be derived from the word bones or from the East Frisian-Low German word knokke or knok for a bundle of flax.
The Knock is mentioned for the first time as Knocka in 1286 , together with Oterdum on the other side of the Ems. The ferry, mentioned since 1467, connected the legendary Radbodsweg , which began in Aurich, with the so-called Stadsweg , which ran from Oterdum to Groningen. It was presumably mainly used for the transport of oxen to Groningen. The place belonged to the parish Betteweer .
It was allegedly a port with an inn. In 1464 negotiations between an envoy from Ulrich I and an agent of the Hanseatic League took place here. A Throw on the Knock, probably the tavern, was sold to Termunten Abbey on the other side of the Ems in 1498 . The roadstead at Knocksterhorn was used by eleven merchant ships in 1545. You could reach Emden via the Knockster Sieltief and Larrelter Tief. The old maar connected the sewer with Rysum. Twice (1583 and 1602) they wanted to provide the sluice with a ramp; however, these plans have not been carried out. The so-called old sewer, which was built around 1600 after the original village of Betteweer I was destroyed, was replaced in 1635 by a new shipping sewer, which was in turn destroyed in the Christmas flood of 1717 . The successor from 1720 was no longer suitable for ship passages. The ferry to Oterdum was stopped around 1740. The new village of Betteweer II was also dammed and demolished in 1720; the district was largely drawn to Wybelsum .
The special location on the shipping route from the North Sea to Emden meant that in 1859 on the Knock at a protruding corner of the dike (today there is a beacon with a rhombus at this point as a reminder ) the navigation sign administration built a six-meter-high wooden frame with a Rüböllampe and a small Fresnel lens apparatus . In addition to the Borkum lighthouse , this frame was the second beacon on the Ems . This "lantern at the knock" was maintained by a guard.
The old wooden frame was replaced by a small iron lighthouse in 1888. The small tower initially received a petroleum light and from 1924 a gas light. In 1952 it was connected to the power grid and in 1961 moved a few hundred meters further west.
Immediately west of the sewer and pumping station Knock from 1966, the Emden Waterways and Shipping Authority built the Knock radar tower, which was visible from afar, and then the Ems traffic center . The sewer and pumping station is operated by the 1st Emden Drainage Association based in Pewsum and is responsible for the drainage of large parts of Emden and the areas north of Emden. The association is responsible for around 49,000 hectares, of which between 10,000 and 12,000 hectares are below sea level. The four pumps of the pumping station achieve a total flow rate of 50 m³ / s with a 2.85 m level difference (70 m³ without level difference). As far as possible, however, the water is drained through the two sluice flaps to save energy when the water is low .
Economy and Infrastructure
In the north of the Knock lies the area of the Rysumer Nacken . Here is a natural gas landfall and purification system operated by the Norwegian company Gassco AS Germany . In the plants is natural gas landed from Norwegian fields and processed. According to the will of the city of Emden, a new Emden port on the sea-deep water with several hundred hectares of industrial and port area, especially for the offshore wind industry, is to be built on the Rysumer Nacken.
January 26, 2009 construction began on a 25 meters below the Ems tunnel running to the Dutch Borgsweer across the river. A pipe was laid in the tunnel that connects the natural gas landing station on the Knock with the Dutch gas network of the supplier Gasunie . The tunnel with a length of four kilometers and a diameter of three meters was backfilled after the gas pipeline was pulled in. The pipeline should go into operation in October 2010 and connects the Norwegian North Sea gas fields with the Dutch gas network. The Rysumer Nacken wind farm is located between the natural gas plant and the tunnel .
There is a restaurant right on the dike on the Ems. At the foot of the dyke, a wide pier juts out into the Ems. It was laid out in the 1960s for strategic reasons and today serves as a landing stage for Reederei AG Ems . The DGzRS also goes there when it brings patients from the islands to the Emden Clinic for further treatment .
Since March 2018, the AG-Ems subsidiary EMS Maritime Offshore GmbH (EMO) has been providing the newly established Port Knock on the Rysumer Nacken for about a year to the wind turbine manufacturer MHI Vestas for the commissioning of the 54 turbines in the OWP Borkum Riffgrund 2 as a service station Available.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Arend Remmers : From Aaltukerei to Zwischenmooren. The settlement names between Dollart and Jade . Verlag Schuster, Leer 2004, ISBN 3-7963-0359-5 . P. 132.
- ↑ The Knock. Festschrift for the inauguration of the new sluice and pumping station on October 17, 1969 , Pewsum 1969.
- ^ Ostfriesen-Zeitung, January 20, 2007
- ^ Gassco: Receiving terminals for Norwegian gas in Germany in English, accessed on July 5, 2011
- ↑ Rysumer Nacken: Country and Region are taking the next steps , accessed on September 27, 2011
- ↑ Tunnel-Online.de: crossing the Ems at Emden / D , contribution from February 2009 , accessed 5 July 2011
- ↑ Emder Zeitung, January 27, 2009, p. 3
- ↑ Port Knock in Emden is the service base for MHI Vestas Offshore . EMO press release of March 15, 2018, accessed on May 29, 2018
Coordinates: 53 ° 20 ′ 29 ″ N , 7 ° 1 ′ 11 ″ E