Wybelsum

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Wybelsum
City of Emden
Wybelsum coat of arms
Coordinates: 53 ° 21 ′ 16 ″  N , 7 ° 6 ′ 38 ″  E
Height : 1 m above sea level NN
Residents : 1446  (September 30, 2012)
Incorporation : July 1, 1972
Postal code : 26723
Primaries : 04921, 04927
map
Location of Wybelsum in the city of Emden

The Emden district Wybelsum was 1 July 1972, together with Logumer Vorwerk and Twixlum incorporated to Emden. Before that, the three places belonged to the north district . The place was mentioned in a document in 1348 as Wivelsum, the name goes back to the combination of the nickname Wifel and the ending -um (= home), meaning Wifels home. Wybelsum currently has 1498 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2017).

The area belonging to the district was greatly enlarged in the 20th century by dikes . Today the district Wybelsum is the largest district of Emden.

history

In 1744 Wybelsum fell to Prussia like all of East Frisia . In 1756 the Prussian officials compiled a statistical trade survey for East Frisia, according to which there were three shoemakers, two bakers, blacksmiths and carpenters as well as a merchant who traded in tea, coffee, tobacco, salt, soap and oil. Other traders and merchants could not be found in the town, which was economically in the shadow of the neighboring Larrelt as the third largest trading place in the Emden district.

For centuries, the natural depths and drainage canals that criss-cross the landscape around Emden in a dense network have been the most important modes of transport. Not only the villages but also many farms were connected with the city and the port of Greetsiel via ditches and canals. The boat traffic with Emden was particularly important. Village boatmen took over the supply of goods from the city and delivered agricultural products in the opposite direction: “From the Sielhafenort, smaller ships, so-called Loog ships, transported the cargo to the inland and supplied the marsh villages (loog = village). The loog ships from the Krummhörn enlivened the canals of the city of Emden until the 20th century. "

Peat, which was mostly extracted in the East Frisian Fehnen , played an important role as heating material for the residents for centuries. The peat ships brought the material on the East Frisian canal network to the villages around Emden, including Wybelsum. On their way back into the Fehnsiedlungen the Torfschiffer often took clay soil from the march and the manure of cattle with which they their home were dug fertilized land.

In April 1919 there were so-called "bacon removals" from Emden workers , which were followed by rioting on the farm workers. Together with the Rheiderland , the district of Emden was the part of East Frisia most affected by this unrest. Workers broke into the surrounding villages in closed trains and stole food from farmers in clashes. The situation only calmed down after the deployment of the Reichswehr troops stationed in the region . As a reaction to this, resident groups were formed in almost all villages in the Emden area . The Wybelsum resident army, together with the one in Oldersum, was the second strongest in terms of head count in the Emden district after the one in Pewsum and comprised 80 people. These had 20 weapons. The resident services were only dissolved after a corresponding decree by the Prussian Interior Minister Carl Severing on April 10, 1920.

Agriculture was still strongly represented in the fertile Wybelsumer Polder even after the Second World War. The Emden Vegetable Growers Association had relocated 18 businesses that were still active in the old city area before the local government reform in 1972. A further twelve companies from Wybelsum and Twixlum also formed their own vegetable farmers' association. As everywhere in Germany, however, the number of farms in Wybelsum gradually declined. Small businesses in particular gave up because the polder soil, which was fertile but also difficult to cultivate, offered a lot of work with a barely adequate income. The settlement of the nearby Emden Volkswagen factory also meant the prospect of better-paid jobs in industry. In the 1950s, the vegetable canning factory Berthold Otterstädt (company name BOB for Berthold Otterstädt, Bremen) settled in Wybelsum . It employed around 200 people in the mid-1970s. Vegetables were grown on around 200 hectares of their own agricultural land, and the local farmers also supplied other raw materials. The factory closed its doors in the 1980s.

When it was incorporated in 1972, Wybelsum had 1301 inhabitants.

Economy and Infrastructure

The natural gas plants of Statoil and ConocoPhillips are located on the so-called Rysumer Nacken in the west of the district . The Wybelsumer Polder was built in the south from 1911 to 1923 . This is where the Wybelsum lighthouse and the Wybelsumer Polder wind farm are located , one of the largest (according to operator information at the inauguration in 2002 the largest) onshore wind farms in Europe.

Between autumn 2013 and probably 2016, the Norwegian energy group Gassco is building a new natural gas landing terminal that will replace the old one from the 1970s. The total investment is around 600 million euros. Around 20 percent of the natural gas consumed in Germany comes via this landing station on the Knock in Wybelsum.

The main road through Wybelsum is Landesstraße 2 from Neermoor via Emden, Wybelsum and Rysum to Pewsum . In the Wybelsum area, it is led past the town center as a bypass road. The old state road shows the earlier, more southerly course of the main road. There is no separate cycle path on the main road. A five-and-a-half kilometer cycle path will be built in 2013 between the confluence of the road to Knock and the Knock itself. The construction project is largely financed by the Norwegian group Gassco (800,000 of 940,000 euros, the rest is financed by the city of Emden), which will use the road for the expansion of the gas landing terminal.

In addition, the largest drainage basin in East Frisia , the sluice and pumping station Knock , is located in this district. There are also two monuments of the Great Elector and Frederick the Great , which had previously been in downtown Emden. The two Prussian rulers had rendered outstanding services to Emden and East Friesland. The only campsite in the Emden area is located near the Siel .

politics

Like all of East Friesland - and Emden in particular - Wybelsum has been a stronghold of the SPD for decades. The SPD already had an absolute majority in the 1949 federal election . At that time it got more than 50 percent of the vote, while the CDU remained below ten percent. In the parliamentary elections in 1953 , the Social Democrats overtook the absolute majority in the general election in 1969 as well. The "Willy Brandt election" in 1972 brought the Social Democrats record results in East Friesland, which also applied to Wybelsum: the SPD received more than 70 percent of the valid votes cast, while the CDU won less than 30 percent.

Persons with a relationship with Wybelsum

literature

  • Ernst Siebert, Walter Deeters , Bernard Schröer: History of the city of Emden from 1750 to the present. (East Frisia in the protection of the dike, vol. 7). Verlag Rautenberg, Leer 1980, DNB 203159012 , therein:
    • Ernst Siebert: History of the City of Emden from 1750 to 1890. P. 2–197.
    • Walter Deeters: History of the City of Emden from 1890 to 1945. P. 198–256.
    • Bernard Schröer: History of the city of Emden from 1945 to the present. Pp. 257-488.
  • Theodor Janssen: Hydrology of East Frisia . Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1967, without ISBN.

Web links

Commons : Wybelsum  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 260 .
  2. Arend Remmers : From Aaltukerei to Zwischenmooren - The settlement names between Dollart and Jade . Verlag Schuster, Leer 2004, ISBN 3-7963-0359-5 , p. 248.
  3. Specialist Service 210 - Statistics Office: District Information. City of Emden, accessed on April 5, 2019 (German).
  4. ^ Karl Heinrich Kaufhold; Uwe Wallbaum (Ed.): Historical statistics of the Prussian province of East Frisia (sources on the history of East Frisia, Volume 16), Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1998, ISBN 3-932206-08-8 , p. 386.
  5. ^ Harm Wiemann / Johannes Engelmann: Old streets and ways in East Frisia . Self-published, Pewsum 1974, p. 169 (East Frisia in the protection of the dyke; 8)
  6. ^ Gunther Hummerich: The peat shipping of the Fehntjer in Emden and the Krummhörn in the 19th and 20th centuries. In: Emder Yearbook for Historical Regional Studies in Ostfriesland , Volume 88/89 (2008/2009), pp. 142–173, here p. 163.
  7. Hans Bernhard Eden: The Resident Services of Ostfriesland from 1919 to 1921. In: Emder Yearbook for Historical Country Studies of Ostfriesland , Vol. 65 (1985), pp. 81-134, here pp. 94, 98, 105, 114.
  8. ^ Bernard Schröer: History of the city of Emden from 1945 to the present. In Ernst Siebert, Walter Deeters, Bernard Schröer: History of the city of Emden from 1750 to the present. (East Frisia in the protection of the dike, vol. 7). Verlag Rautenberg, Leer 1980, DNB 203159012 , p. 359 f.
  9. ^ Bernard Schröer: History of the city of Emden from 1945 to the present. In Ernst Siebert, Walter Deeters, Bernard Schröer: History of the city of Emden from 1750 to the present. (East Frisia in the protection of the dike, vol. 7). Verlag Rautenberg, Leer 1980, DNB 203159012 , p. 361.
  10. ^ Bernard Schröer: History of the city of Emden from 1945 to the present. In Ernst Siebert, Walter Deeters, Bernard Schröer: History of the city of Emden from 1750 to the present. (East Frisia in the protection of the dike, vol. 7). Verlag Rautenberg, Leer 1980, DNB 203159012 , p. 281.
  11. Wasser- und Schifffahrtsamt Emden: Die Knock , accessed on July 3, 2011
  12. Heiner Schröder: Gassco gives Emdern Radweg zur Knock as a gift , in: Ostfriesen-Zeitung, March 2, 2013, viewed on May 3, 2013.
  13. Heiner Schröder: Gassco gives Emdern Radweg zur Knock as a gift , in: Ostfriesen-Zeitung, March 2, 2013, viewed on May 3, 2013.
  14. Klaus von Beyme : The political system of the Federal Republic of Germany: An introduction , VS Verlag, Wiesbaden 2004, ISBN 3-531-33426-3 , p. 100, limited preview in the Google book search, accessed on February 28, 2013.
  15. The following information for the Bundestag elections up to 1972 comes from Theodor Schmidt: Analysis of the statistics and relevant sources on the Bundestag elections in East Frisia 1949-1972 . East Frisian Landscape, Aurich 1978, cartographic appendix.