Larrelt

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Larrelt
City of Emden
Coordinates: 53 ° 21 ′ 54 ″  N , 7 ° 8 ′ 52 ″  E
Height : 1 m above sea level NN
Residents : 4033  (June 30, 2015)
Incorporation : October 1, 1945
Postal code : 26723
Area code : 04921
map
Location of Larrelt in the city of Emden
Location of the VW settlement in the city of Emden
Ev.-ref. Larrelt Church

Larrelt is a district of Emden . The first written mention as Hlarfliata comes from the year 930. The name goes back to the ancient Germanic hler- (= willow) in combination with -fliat (= flowing water), so it means willow by the flowing water. The independent rural community of Larrelt was incorporated into Emden in 1945 from the north district .

Administratively, Larrelt is divided into two districts by the city of Emden:

  • Larrelt with 1,474 inhabitants
  • Larrelt / VW settlement with 2,559 inhabitants

The population figures refer to June 30, 2015.

history

Middle Ages and early modern times

At the end of the 14th century, Enno Haytatisna was chief in Larrelt. In the disputes between Ocko I. tom Brok and his opponents in the Emden area, Folkmar Allena in Osterhusen and the Abdenas in Emden, Haytatisna supported the latter. He took part in the battle of Loppersum in 1380 or 1381, from which Ocko tom Brok emerged victorious. Haytatisna was not only chief over Larrelt, but also in Twixlum , Wybelsum and in the nearby small towns of Folkertswehr and Geerdswehr, i.e. in the area immediately west of Emden. Since he was one of those East Frisian chiefs who gave the Vitalienbrothers shelter, he came into conflict with the Hanseatic League . Hamburg forces took his castle from him in 1400 and handed it over to Hisko von Emden , but Haytatisna regained possession of it shortly afterwards. He died in 1407. His widow Sibbe, daughter of the Osterhuser chief Folkmar Allena, took over the property and, after marrying into a north chief family, handed it over to her brother Haro, who became the new chief of Larrelt. He had a new castle built in 1425. Haro was a supporter of the latter in the conflict between Ocko II. Tom Brok and Focko Ukena .

Under the Cirksenas and the Prussians

Around 1577 a canal connection was created between Larrelt and Emden, the Larrelter Tief . It led from Larrelt to the Emden moat and established a water connection between the suburb and the city. The city was also able to divert water from the Krummhörner sewer network through the depression, so that its own sewers developed sufficient flushing effect to free the port from the silt that regularly accumulates .

For centuries, the Larrelter Siel had an important function for draining the Krummhörn . The lows named after the places flowed from Pewsum , Groothusen , Hamswehrum and Campen to Twixlum, as did the lows from Rysum and Loquard from the west. At Twixlum they united to the Twixlumer Tief, which flowed in the direction of Larrelt and was named Larrelter Tief there. In Larrelt, the water was carried over the sluice into the Ems. In 1765 an enlarged new building was laid out, which had a passage of 5.65 meters.

Like the entire East Frisian coast, the Larrelter dyke section was badly hit by the Christmas flood in 1717 . The dikes had to be repaired as quickly as possible. There was already a laway (dike workers' strike) in 1719 . The background was the poor working conditions that the dyke workers faced. The dichgrave Anton Günter von Münnich noted:

“Then, when the labor man realized that he had to earn (1) 15-18 bad thalers on the load, (2) that the bases ( dyke builders ) of the bargaining and intrigues were doing it and most (of the wages ) for held on, (3) that he could not work alone with dry bread and finally such credit also ran out, there most or almost all work lay still. "

- Anton Günter von Münnich : Conversation of two good friends from dyke construction on operational grounds , Oldenburg 1720, p. 25.

Since the dykes, which were only poorly repaired after the Christmas flood, fell victim to storm surges again in the following years , the work dragged on over several years. One of the two largest dyke 'strike in East Friesland came in 1722, when after flooding resulting from the dunes Kolk be closed had. In order to close the Kolk, the East Frisian estates had borrowed 20,000 guilders in the Netherlands. However, the dyke workers saw no wages from this inflow of money, which they were still entitled to from the previous year, whereupon they moved to Emden to make themselves heard by the princely bailiff. However, this merely consoled the dike workers. The workers armed with clubs then went to the manor house of the estate administrator, who was not to be found, whereupon the levees withdrew again. A troop of soldiers appeared, but no longer felt compelled to intervene and had secretly decided to shoot the dyke over the heads when they were given an order to shoot: the soldiers themselves had not received any wages for 14 weeks. The dike workers then sent a petition to the East Frisian Count House, which was ultimately crowned with success. After the prince warned the estates of the danger of unrest, 2000 guilders of the 20,000 guilders on the loan were used to settle the outstanding debts.

In 1732 the windmill "Kost Winning" (earning a living) was built.

In 1732 the (still existing) windmill Kost Winning was built. In 1744 Larrelt fell to Prussia, like all of East Frisia . In 1756, the Prussian officials compiled a statistical trade survey for East Frisia, which shows Larrelt as the second largest trading place in the right-Emden area of ​​the Emden office and as the third largest in the office as a whole. Larger trading places (the city of Emden itself did not belong to the office Emden) were only Ditzum in the rheiderland part of the office and Hinte . In 1756 there were 22 merchants and craftsmen in Larrelt. Among them were five bricklayers, three bakers, blacksmiths and carpenters, two tailors and one shoemaker and barber each. Of the four merchants mentioned, two were herbs , the other two traded in tea, coffee, rock candy , salt, soap, tan and oil, and one of the two also traded calico .

In his "Earth Description of the Principality of East Friesland and Harlingerland" (1824), Fridrich Arends describes the village as the largest in the old office of Emden, in that year 581 inhabitants lived in Larrelt. In the place itself and around Larrelt there were several "places" ( East Fr. Plattdt .: Plaats ), as the larger Gulf farms are called. Agriculture was the basis of economic life. There was also fruit growing in the village, especially plums. In the Larrelter district there were four brickworks that took the clay required for firing the clinker from the marshland. Among the right-Ememsian towns, Larrelt was one of the centers of the goat trade alongside Hinte and Oldersum. Only ships that brought shill and sea sand from the mudflats landed in the small Larrelter harbor, there was no trade in the shadow of Emden.

Land reclamation on the Dollart and in the Emden urban area: In the years 1874 and 1912–24, the urban area in the west of Emden was considerably enlarged

The embankment of the Kaiser-Wilhelms-Polder in 1874 not only improved security against storm surges, but also created new arable land between Emden and Larrelt. The soil reclaimed from the Ems also made it possible to expand the city of Emden in the following decades. For Larrelt and the places to the west of it, the dike also meant that a direct road connection to Emden was now possible, which was then built.

Weimar Republic and National Socialism

In the Weimar Republic , the majority of Larrelt's residents voted for parties from the left. This can be explained by the fact that the population mostly worked in the companies in the port of Emden , where there was strong support for the SPD and also the KPD . In the election for the German National Assembly in 1919, the SPD received a clear majority of 63.7%. Far behind were the left-liberal DDP with 22.7% and the right-liberal DVP with 10.1%. The Reichstag elections in December 1924 marked a turnaround : As in many other communities in East Friesland, right-wing parties gained significant votes. Nevertheless, the SPD was again the winner with 48.5%. It was followed by the DDP with 14.7% and the DNVP with a significant increase in votes with 12.8%. Fourth was the KPD, which received 9.1% of the vote. In the 1928 Reichstag election , the SPD again won with 55.6%. Although it lost votes, the DNVP came in second with 9.1%. In third place in the electoral favor, the DVP and the KPD were tied with 7.3% of the votes each, while the DDP - following a trend across East Frisia, albeit not as strong as in some Moor and Geest communities - only fifth came in at 6.2%. The elections in July 1932 resulted in a slim absolute majority for the SPD (50.6%), but the NSDAP increased its share of the vote significantly to 27.6%. The KPD also recorded a significant increase, receiving 13.5%. In the Reichstag elections in March 1933 , when the National Socialists were already putting their political opponents under strong pressure, 45.6% of the Larrelt voters still voted for the SPD. The Nazis gained only insignificantly to 28.1%, while the KPD increased their voting result again to 17.2%. In the last free elections before the time of National Socialism , the parties that were opposed to the Weimar Republic, NSDAP and KPD, together won 45.3% of the votes compared to 45.6% of the SPD, a party of the Weimar coalition . The workers' parties SPD and KPD together came to 62.8% of the valid votes cast.

In 1926, Larrelt's population register listed a total of 1015 people. An overview of the employment structure gives the occupation worker for 95 of them alone. There were also seven carpenters, four bakers, three fishermen, merchants, shipbuilders and shoemakers, two innkeepers, coal merchants, warehouse clerks, painters, bricklayers, milk dealers and blacksmiths. In addition, other professions were listed, each exercised by one person. The self-employed include a mill owner, a carter, a milk carter and a straw merchant.

During the war, Emden was the target of Allied bombers 80 times during the air war . The Wehrmacht soldiers entrusted with the air defense tried to prevent the enemy aircraft from targeting by fogging . This sometimes led to uncontrolled drops, so that the suburbs were also hit by individual bombs. Damage was also recorded in Larrelt.

post war period

Larrelt was incorporated into Emden on October 1, 1945. This process was preceded by lengthy negotiations between the Mayor of Emden, Georg Frickenstein, and the honorary mayor of Larrelt, Berend Zaayenga . Therefore, at the beginning of June 1945, Frickenstein decided to contact the mayors of Larrelt, Uphusen and Harsweg and to convince them of the necessity of incorporation. The city , which was badly damaged in World War II , barely had enough space to cope with all the rubble. In addition, the city limits (the towns of Wolthusen and Borssum, which were incorporated in 1928 ) were still closely aligned with the development. The Emden vegetable growers could no longer remain in the urban area, where every square meter of space was needed for rebuilding. The port could not be expanded without resorting to Larrelter municipality. In addition, in an application to the district president of August 9, 1945, Frickenstein referred to the fact that the suburbs would use both the schools and the Emden hospital (which had not been rebuilt at that time). However, the municipality of Larrelt initially rejected incorporation, as did Harsweg and Uphusen, but gave up their resistance after the city had made extensive contractual concessions on the future development of Larrelt. The Accession Treaty was signed on September 22nd and came into force on October 1st, 1945.

The industrial settlements in the Larrelter Polder began in 1959 with the Frisia oil works , but they only had a history of slightly more than eleven years. In 1964 the largest industrial company in East Friesland, the Volkswagen factory in Emden, was established . In 1987 and 1988 a village renewal was planned, the measures of which were completed by 1996.

culture and education

Attractions

The Evangelical Reformed Church (east view)
The underground road in Larrelt

The evangelical reformed church from the 15th century is worth seeing . The approximately 800 year old tympanum (arched door panel) of the first Larrelter church from the 12th century attached there is probably the oldest self-testimony of a medieval building owner in Germany. The Larrelter organ with the oldest pipes from 1619 offers the renaissance sound of old Dutch style. The Kost Winning mill is also located in Larrelt .

education

In Larrelt there is a primary school for students from the town center and from the neighboring district of Twixlum . For its lessons, which are given in Low German in some classes in the subjects of music and religion , the school received the award "Platt is cool" from the East Frisian Landscape in 2013 . With this, the cultural institution recognizes the efforts to preserve Low German by allowing students to deal with the language at an early stage and to use it regularly. The award is valid for five years and is extended if the school is still committed to cultivating Low German. Elementary school students from the Larrelt-Ost development area are taught in neighboring Constantia.

Economy and Transport

Companies

The district has been the location of the Volkswagen plant in Emden and several of the automaker's suppliers since 1965 . A supplier park for the VW plant, the Frisia industrial park, was built on the site of the Frisia oil refinery, which was built in 1959 and closed in the 1990s . There are other manufacturing companies in a nearby industrial area. There is also a large shopping center in this district. The farms are located in the Larrelter polder , i.e. land reclaimed from the sea and diked south of the historic town center.

Public facilities

The largest of Emden's three sewage treatment plants is located in the district . It was created from 1979.

traffic

The Emden-West junction of the A 31 is located in Larrelt . This has driveway number 1, so this is where the motorway towards the Ruhr area begins . The connection to the port and the VW plant is ensured by a four-lane expressway. The Larrelter Tief flows through the district. This body of water connects the Emden city center with the Knockster Tief , which ensures the drainage of the low-lying areas into the Ems estuary .

Sports

The sports club Sportfreunde Larrelt is based in the district. As of the 2013/2014 season, the first men's soccer team will play in the East Friesland- wide district league ( Ostfrieslandliga ), the third-lowest (or eighth-highest) division in the league system in Lower Saxony.

literature

  • Marianne Claudi, Reinhard Claudi: Golden and other times. Emden, city in East Frisia. Gerhard Verlag, Emden 1982, ISBN 3-88656-003-1 .
  • Dietmar von Reeken : East Frisia between Weimar and Bonn. A case study on the problem of historical continuity using the example of the cities of Emden and Aurich. (Sources and studies on the history of Lower Saxony after 1945, Volume 7). Verlag August Lax, Hildesheim 1991, ISBN 3-7848-3057-9 .
  • Ernst Siebert, Walter Deeters , Bernard Schröer: History of the city of Emden from 1750 to the present. (East Frisia in the protection of the dike, vol. 7). Verlag Rautenberg, Leer 1980, DNB 203159012 , therein:
    • Ernst Siebert: History of the City of Emden from 1750 to 1890. P. 2–197.
    • Walter Deeters: History of the City of Emden from 1890 to 1945. P. 198–256.
    • Bernard Schröer: History of the city of Emden from 1945 to the present. Pp. 257-488.
  • Gottfried Kiesow : Architecture Guide East Friesland. Verlag Deutsche Stiftung Denkmalschutz , Bonn 2010, ISBN 978-3-86795-021-3

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ emden.de: District information (PDF) ( Memento of the original dated December 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.emden.de
  2. ↑ Fridrich Arends: Erdbeschreibung des Fürstenthums Ostfriesland and Harlingerlandes , Emden 1824. Online in the Google book search, p. 323, accessed on February 27, 2013.
  3. ^ Theodor Janssen: Hydrology of East Frisia . Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1967, without ISBN, p. 213.
  4. ↑ The current section of the Knockster Low between the Knock and the confluence of the Rysumer Tief was only created at the end of the 19th century.
  5. ^ Theodor Janssen: Hydrology of East Frisia . Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1967, without ISBN, p. 213.
  6. ↑ quoted by Bernd Uphoff: Lavey as an ultima ratio. Dike workers in East Frisia in the 17th and 18th centuries. In: Emder Yearbook for Historical Regional Studies Ostfriesland , Volume 75 (1995), pp. 81–94, here pp. 87/88.
  7. ↑ quoted by Bernd Uphoff: Lavey as an ultima ratio. Dike workers in East Frisia in the 17th and 18th centuries. In: Emder Yearbook for Historical Regional Studies Ostfriesland , Volume 75 (1995), pp. 81–94, here pp. 89 ff.
  8. ^ Karl Heinrich Kaufhold; Uwe Wallbaum (Ed.): Historical statistics of the Prussian province of East Frisia (sources on the history of East Frisia, Volume 16), Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1998, ISBN 3-932206-08-8 , p. 386.
  9. ↑ Paul Weßels : Brickworks on the Ems. A contribution to the economic history of Ostfriesland (treatises and lectures on the history of Ostfriesland, volume 80), Ostfriesische Landschaftliche Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Aurich 2004, ISBN 3-932206-44-4 , p. 22.
  10. ^ Fridrich Arends: Erdbeschreibung des Fürstenthums Ostfriesland and Harlingerlandes , Emden 1824. Online in the Google book search, p. 322, accessed on February 27, 2013.
  11. ↑ Ernst Siebert: from 1750 to 1890 , in: Ernst Siebert / Walter Deeters / Bernard Schröer: History of the City of Emden from 1750 to the Present (Volume VII of the series "Ostfriesland in the protection of the dike", published by Deichacht Krummhörn, Pewsum) . Verlag Rautenberg, Leer 1980, without ISBN, p. 70 ff.
  12. ^ Ortschronisten der Ostfriesischen Landschaft: Larrelt , PDF file, p. 3, accessed on February 26, 2013.
  13. ^ Ortschronisten der Ostfriesischen Landschaft: Larrelt , PDF file, p. 2, accessed on February 26, 2013.
  14. ↑ Herbert Kolbe: When everything started all over again. 1945/1946. Gerhard Verlag, Emden 1985, ISBN 3-88656-006-6 , p. 88.
  15. ↑ Herbert Kolbe : When everything started all over again. 1945/1946. Gerhard Verlag, Emden 1985, ISBN 3-88656-006-6 , p. 83 ff.
  16. ↑ Herbert Kolbe: When everything started all over again. 1945/1946. Gerhard Verlag, Emden 1985, ISBN 3-88656-006-6 , p. 87 f.
  17. ↑ According to the current division of the statistical office of the city of Emden, the industrial area Larrelter Polder is completely part of the Port Arthur / Transvaal district, cf. www.emden.de: City district overview map ( Memento of the original from March 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed February 27, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.emden.de
  18. ^ Ortschronisten der Ostfriesischen Landschaft: Larrelt (PDF; 810 kB), accessed on February 27, 2013.
  19. ↑ Maria Berentzen: Anyone who can do Platt is something special. In: Ostfriesen-Zeitung , October 2, 2013, accessed on the same day.
  20. ^ Bernard Schröer: History of the city of Emden from 1945 to the present. In Ernst Siebert, Walter Deeters, Bernard Schröer: History of the city of Emden from 1750 to the present. (East Frisia in the protection of the dike, vol. 7). Verlag Rautenberg, Leer 1980, DNB 203159012 , p. 424.
  21. ↑ Jörg-Volker Kahle: The bear's fur is almost spread. In: Emder Zeitung , June 1, 2013, p. 27.
  22. ↑ In this context, the present means: until 1978/79, and in perspective two years beyond.