Herrentor

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Herrentor
City of Emden
Coordinates: 53 ° 21 ′ 44 "  N , 7 ° 13 ′ 11"  E
Area : 1.55 km²
Residents : 1776  (Jun 30, 2015)
Population density : 1,147 inhabitants / km²
Postal code : 26725
Area code : 04921
map
Location of Herrentor in the city of Emden

Herrentor is a district of Emden with 1,776 inhabitants who live together on an area of ​​around 1.55 km². The district was essentially created in two phases during the Weimar Republic and in the first decades after the Second World War . With the exception of a few retail businesses, it is purely a residential location and is located east of downtown Emden. In the city ​​of Emden, which is rich in canals and valleys , the Herrentor district still stands out because its built-up part is surrounded on all sides by watercourses.

geography

The built-up area of ​​the district is delimited in the north by the Ems-Jade Canal , in the west and south by the Fehntjer Tief and in the east by the connecting canal that connects the Ems Lateral Canal with the Ems-Jade Canal and also the Fehntjer Tief crosses. In addition, the area around Herrentor still includes mostly agriculturally used land east of the built-up part of the district. West of Herrentor is the city center of Emden with the Klein-Faldern district, Wolthusen to the north and east and the Friesland colony to the south . At one point at the boiler lock , Herrentor comes up against the Groß-Faldern district .

history

Herrentor is named after one of the Emden city gates, which used to represent passages through the Emder Wall .

The core area of ​​Herrentor is surrounded by three canals, all of which are of artificial origin. The oldest of them is the Fehntjer low. The Fehntjer Tief was originally an extension of the Flumm , a natural river in the municipality of Großefehn . After the creation of the West Großefehn by Emder citizens in 1633 , the Flumm , which up until then had flowed in the direction of Oldersum , was supplemented by a canal that connected it directly to Emden. From a point a few kilometers north of Oldersum (near the Monnikeborgum farm), the deep was artificially extended towards the west, i.e. Emden, by excavation. This already happened in the 17th century to improve the removal of the peat from the Fehnen to Emden. Between Petkum and Herrentor, the newly dug deep was initially called Sägemüller's deep, later simply Fehntjer deep, as part of a standardization of the water's name. The Fehntjer Tief has since ended in Emden, the once natural runoff towards Oldersum has been called Oldersumer Sieltief since then.

For centuries, peat has played an important role as heating material for the Emder, but also for the residents of the Krummhörn and Hintes . The peat ships that supplied the Emden, but also the Krummhörner localities, had to use the Fehntjer Tief and drive on the canals into the city center or through it. The city of Emden had already recognized this as a source of income by the 19th century at the latest: It charged the peat boatmen a usage fee for the Emden canals (for the passage) and also an excise duty for delivery to Emden. The fee for the use of the canal was also due if the ferrymen did not deliver to Emden, but instead brought peat to the villages of the Krummhörn and today's municipality of Hinte. The corresponding lifting point was located on the Herrentorbrücke until it was abandoned in the 1930s. On their way back to the feudal settlements, the peat boatmen often took with them litter such as street droppings, faeces, ashes and remains of slaughtered cattle. The pitted areas of the fen settlements were fertilized with these materials . The corresponding waste disposal site of the city of Emden, where the ferrymen collected the material, was only a little outside the Herrentorbrücke on Fehntjer Tief. The ferrymen had to pay an additional fee to the city for taking the waste from the city of Emden with them.

Between 1880 and 1888 the Ems-Jade Canal was built, which ensured the connection between Emden and Wilhelmshaven and at the same time served to drain the interior of East Frisia. It forms the northern border of the Herrentor district. The boiler lock was built to connect the canal with the existing canals (moat in front of the Wall, Fehntjer Tief).

At the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century , Emden thought about building a bypass around the city. It should branch off at about the level of the Friesland colony and lead north-east around the city, in order to finally get back to the East Frisian Coast Railway at about the level of the Harsweg district. Until then, a few porches had been built for this purpose. These include the bridge piers for the bridge that was to cross the Ems-Jade Canal. They can still be seen today on the Herrentor bank and the Wolthuser bank of the Ems-Jade Canal (around the level of the sports fields).

A pedestrian bridge runs over the connecting canal, which in earlier times was adapted to the height of the masts for shipping between the Fehnen and Emden.

In terms of settlement, Herrentor is one of the younger districts of Emden. Settlement essentially began at the time of the Weimar Republic , when settlement houses were built on Danziger Strasse and Memeler Strasse . The streets were named after Danzig and Memel , two cities that the German Reich had to cede after the First World War : Danzig became a free city, Memel to the newly formed Lithuania . These buildings were multi-party houses.

During the Nazi dictatorship , one of a total of 35 larger air raid shelters was built in the district of Emden. The bunker on Hamhuser Strasse was completed on July 31, 1942. In contrast to most of Emden's bunkers, which were created as pile foundations due to the flexible marshland , the Hamhuser Straße bunker was a flat foundation. According to the plan, the bunker held 741 people; however, Emden's bunkers were often much more occupied, which is why Emden was the only city in Germany where all residents could find accommodation during the air war . On Hamhuser Strasse there was also a forced labor camp and foreign labor camp for the people who built the bunker on Hamhuser Strasse. After the war, the bunker was used by the Emden tea trading company Thiele & Freese ( Thiele Tee ) as a storage room; later, like several other Emden bunkers, it was used by music groups as a practice room.

Most of the district was created in the first two decades after the Second World War , when the city took in displaced persons from the former eastern areas of the German Empire and gradually new buildings were built for them and for the bombed-out, previously local residents. Most of the street names are therefore reminiscent of cities in the former eastern areas such as Königsberg , Thorn and Tilsit , which is why the name East Prussia Quarter was used as a synonym for the district for several decades . One exception is Hamhuser Straße , which is one of the main thoroughfares in the district: it is named after a desert area called Hamhusen, which was located southeast of Emden in the late Middle Ages and was mentioned on maps until 1595. A large part of the development of those days consisted of company apartments of the North Sea Works .

Buildings

Boiler lock with Rotem Siel (top left), Stadtgraben (top right), Ems-Jade Canal (bottom right) and Fehntjer Tief (bottom left)
Herrentorschule (built in 1930)

The Herrentor secondary school, which was built in 1930 and is a listed building, is located in the district. It was built in the style of brick expressionism in the late phase of the Weimar Republic and is considered an architecturally successful example of this epoch in the history of Emd's urban construction. The use of unevenly fired, mostly dark clinker bricks in particular results in visually surprising effects. The decorative details corresponding to the style of the time also stand out, as do "colored wall joints (...), geometric patterns in the windows of the staircases, the clearly structured structures and not least the turret with the clock." On the occasion of the opening of the school, the mayor praised Wilhelm Mützelburg, the city planning officer Reinhold Haasis: “Since this is a work of architecture, the first thanks go to the builder. Dear Senator Haasis, you have created a work with this proud building that adds a new touch to the entire cityscape. Dominating its surroundings for a long time, it is worthy of the most outstanding architectural monuments of our city and will bear witness to even later generations of the creativity of a city architect of our day. "

The boiler lock, which is also a listed building, is located on the north-western edge of the district . The city's youth hostel is also located in Herrentor, near the boiler lock.

Sports

The concentration of long-established sports clubs in this district with almost 2,000 inhabitants is remarkable: in addition to the Spiel und Sport Emden (SuS) club founded in 1919, the sports facility of VfB Stern Emden (founded in 1921) was located in the district. Due to a dwindling number of members, however, Stern was forced to unite with another sports club. After talks with the neighbor and rival SuS failed, Stern instead merged with SV Amisia Wolthusen from the neighboring district to form SV Amisia Stern Wolthusen. The site of one of the oldest sports clubs in Emden, the workers' sports club Freie Turnerschaft (19) 03, is also located immediately south of the district, but is geographically part of the neighboring district of Friesland by the Emden city administration . All three are essentially football clubs. The Rollsportclub Emden also has its club premises in Herrentor. Right next to the boiler lock is the van Ameren-Bad, an open-air swimming pool that is operated by a private sponsoring association after the city of Emden announced in the early 1990s that it would no longer finance the swimming operations. In the district is also the center of the District Fisheries Association Ostfriesland (BVO).

Economy and Transport

Herrentor is a planned housing estate and is hardly occupied by commercial operations. Exceptions are a few retailers who have settled in the district. Most residents therefore earn their living in businesses in other parts of the city.

The only road connection to Emden city center is via the Am Herrentor street , which is followed by three streets in an easterly direction (i.e. in the built-up area), which serve as main roads and collect traffic: Hamhuser , Thorner and Königsberger Straße . The other streets in Herrentor are mostly cross streets of these three main traffic routes. Hamhuser Straße runs over the connecting canal in an easterly direction and leads into an area that is mostly used for agriculture and borders the Wolthusen district .

In addition to the street Am Herrentor, only the Hamhuser Straße lead east over the connecting canal and the Braunsberger Straße over the Fehntjer Tief to the neighboring district of Klein-Faldern from the district surrounded on all sides by canals. The upper course of Hamhuser Straße is a side street and leads into the rural district of Herrentors and into the center of Wolthusen. However, due to the very simple development, it cannot be considered a connecting road. The Braunsberger Straße ends as a dead end and therefore only serves as a cycle and footpath to the neighboring district of Klein-Faldern . Connections for cyclists and pedestrians also lead to other parts of the city: Groß-Faldern and Wolthusen can be reached via the Kesselschleuse.

The district is served by one of the bus lines that cross the Emden urban area: Line 5 connects Herrentor with the city center and the main train station. It runs every 1 - 2 hours, making it the least frequented in Emden.

The connecting lock on the connecting canal is of great importance for sport shipping, as it represents the connection between the Ems Lateral Canal and the Ems-Jade Canal . Today it is no longer used by cargo shipping, but all the more so by sport shipping on the East Frisian canal network .

literature

  • Marianne Claudi, Reinhard Claudi: Golden and other times. Emden, city in East Frisia . Gerhard Verlag, Emden 1982, ISBN 3-88656-003-1 .
  • Dietmar von Reeken : East Frisia between Weimar and Bonn. A case study on the problem of historical continuity using the example of the cities of Emden and Aurich. (Sources and studies on the history of Lower Saxony after 1945, Volume 7). Verlag August Lax, Hildesheim 1991, ISBN 3-7848-3057-9 .
  • Ernst Siebert, Walter Deeters , Bernard Schröer: History of the city of Emden from 1750 to the present. (East Frisia in the protection of the dike, vol. 7). Verlag Rautenberg, Leer 1980, DNB 203159012 , therein:
    • Ernst Siebert: History of the City of Emden from 1750 to 1890. P. 2–197.
    • Walter Deeters: History of the City of Emden from 1890 to 1945. P. 198–256.
    • Bernard Schröer: History of the city of Emden from 1945 to the present. Pp. 257-488.

Individual evidence

  1. emden.de: District information (PDF file) ( Memento of the original from December 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.emden.de
  2. emderzeitung.de: Emden's districts - Herrentor
  3. A cartographic overview of the districts of Emden can be found at www.emden.de: Statistics Info 4/2012 ( Memento of the original from January 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 4.7 MB), p. 4. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.emden.de
  4. ^ Theodor Janssen: Hydrology of East Frisia . Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1967, without ISBN, p. 207.
  5. ^ Gunther Hummerich: The peat shipping of the Fehntjer in Emden and the Krummhörn in the 19th and 20th centuries. In: Emder yearbook for historical regional studies of East Frisia , Volume 88/89 (2008/2009), pp. 142–173.
  6. Marianne Claudi, Reinhard Claudi: Golden and other times. Emden, city in East Frisia . Gerhard Verlag, Emden 1982, ISBN 3-88656-003-1 , p. 52 f.
  7. Marianne Claudi, Reinhard Claudi: Golden and other times. Emden, city in East Frisia . Gerhard Verlag, Emden 1982, ISBN 3-88656-003-1 , p. 53.
  8. Marianne Claudi, Reinhard Claudi: Golden and other times. Emden, city in East Frisia . Gerhard Verlag, Emden 1982, ISBN 3-88656-003-1 , p. 222.
  9. ^ Michael Foedrowitz, Dietrich Janßen: Air raid shelter in Emden. Self-published, Berlin / Emden 2008, OCLC 254736187 , p. 55. In the following Foedrowitz, Janßen: air raid shelter .
  10. ^ Foedrowitz, Janßen: air raid shelter , p. 38.
  11. ^ Foedrowitz, Janßen: air raid shelter , p. 3.
  12. Dietrich Janßen: Who built the Emden bunker? Concentration camp prisoners, prisoners of war, forced and foreign workers in Emden. In: Stadtarchiv Emden (ed.): They were among us. Foreign and forced laborers in Emden 1933–1945. (Series of publications by the Emden City Archives, Volume 8). Emden 2012, ISBN 978-3-9815109-0-4 , pp. 45–52, here p. 42 ff.
  13. ^ Foedrowitz, Janßen: air raid shelter , p. 97.
  14. Arend Remmers : From Aaltukerei to Zwischenmooren - The settlement names between Dollart and Jade . Verlag Schuster, Leer 2004, ISBN 3-7963-0359-5 , p. 92.
  15. ^ Bernard Schröer: History of the city of Emden from 1945 to the present. In: Ernst Siebert, Walter Deeters, Bernard Schröer: History of the city of Emden from 1750 to the present. (East Frisia in the protection of the dike, vol. 7). Verlag Rautenberg, Leer 1980, DNB 203159012 , p. 285.
  16. Marianne Claudi, Reinhard Claudi: Golden and other times. Emden, city in East Frisia . Gerhard Verlag, Emden 1982, ISBN 3-88656-003-1 , p. 221 ff.
  17. Marianne Claudi, Reinhard Claudi: Golden and other times. Emden, city in East Frisia . Gerhard Verlag, Emden 1982, ISBN 3-88656-003-1 , p. 224.
  18. Jörg-Volker Kahle: New approach - across the channel , in: Emder Zeitung, April 18, 2011, accessed on March 23, 2012.
  19. Heiko Müller: Emden: Amisia and Stern are now one , in: Ostfriesen-Zeitung, November 30, 2011, accessed on March 23, 2012.
  20. In this context, the present means: until 1978/79, and in perspective two years beyond.