Bypass

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An avoidance trajectory is usually only the freight serving railway that on the edge of a railway junction the central station or central stations and their subsequent urban bypasses sections. The freight bypass , on the other hand, is primarily intended to ensure noise protection, to divert freight trains to the destination station using suitable railway lines around terminal stations and to avoid hazardous goods accidents in the inner city area .

General

Bypass lines were created as part of the expansion of many railway junctions in order to relieve the area of ​​the main train station by relocating freight traffic to the bypass line and thus its separation from passenger traffic. They are also used to bypass terminal stations for through trains .

Shunting yards have also been created at many bypasses , in which case the bypass serves not only to relieve the load but also to connect the shunting yard to the individual routes of the junction. Other bypass lines lead goods traffic from a marshalling yard located on one of the lines of the railway junction to its other lines around the city or, as in Bremen or Oviedo , are no longer or not at all connected to a marshalling yard.

The relocation of freight traffic to bypasses also often made it possible to expand the lines and stations that were already in place for passenger traffic and to relieve the train frequency of the route sections bypassing it .

to form

Connection curve, path or line

A short line that connects two lines that merge on the same side of the (main) train station in the form of a track triangle so that trains can travel over these lines one after the other without changing direction. Only those from Siegen or Olten may be mentioned as representative of the countless such routes , and the connection line in Marseille as an example of bypassing a terminus station .

Bypass track in the form of a partial ring

Schusterbahn in Stuttgart (dashed)

As a rule, a bypass is understood to be a bypassing of the main train station or the central urban railway system on one side of the railway junction, this is a common case.

The Schusterbahn in Stuttgart is an example of a bypass line as a partial ring on the eastern edge of the city and access to the Kornwestheim marshalling yard .

Ring or belt railway

Ringbahn Nuremberg

Ring-shaped route completely bypassing the railway junction , rarely seen; Examples: Leipzig ( Leipziger Güterring ), Nuremberg ( Nuremberg Ringbahn , now partially closed), Metz , Bucharest , Beijing . Here, however, the complete circling of the railway junction with freight train routes does not always form a complete coherent ring, but at certain points there are only junctions with the route, such as in the north of Metz.

Railway junctions with several bypasses

Very large railway junctions as well as large industrial areas sometimes have two or even more bypass or ring railways , which usually also connect their most important marshalling yards. This is the case, for example, in: (enumeration within the nodes from inside to outside)

A collection of several bypass routes of different types is located in the Rhine-Ruhr area:

A similar situation also exists in other industrial areas such as the Upper Silesian Industrial Area and the Donets Basin .

particularities

Hamburg freight bypass

Sometimes bypass lines also run in sections as additional tracks on multi-lane access routes to the intersection, for example in Hamburg , Antwerp , Milan and Rome .

Since most of the bypass lines were created for the time being or exclusively for freight traffic, there is either no or little passenger traffic on them. On the other hand, the inner Berlin ring line and the Florence bypass line have heavy passenger traffic.

In some countries, including especially against the hereditary enemy in the west, because of the division of Germany or in the former Soviet Union , strategic bypass routes were also created, mainly or exclusively for military purposes , some of which are superfluous for civil traffic and some of which have therefore already been closed.

Cross-border bypasses are very rare , for example in Como or Brest (Belarus) .

Bypass lines on high-speed lines

In the course of the construction of high-speed lines , few bypass lines for high- speed trains were also built, for example at Stendal , Paris , Tours , Lyon and Saragossa . Such routes may also serve to connect the local airport to the high-speed rail network.

literature

  • Bernd Kuhlmann: The Berlin outer ring . Kenning Verlag, Nordhorn 1997, ISBN 3-927587-65-6 .
  • Heinz Kilian, Christian Hübschen: Relief for the taxiway . In: Railway history. No. 13 (Dec. 2005 / Jan. 2006), pp. 10-22. ( Münster freight bypass railway ).
  • Peter Wegenstein: The connecting lines in the Vienna area. (= Track in the picture. Volume 79). Pospischil, Vienna 1991, DNB 931589770 .
  • Bruno Carrière, Bernard Collardey: L'Aventure de la Grande Ceinture. 1st edition. La Vie du Rail, Paris 1992, ISBN 2-902808-40-2 . (2nd edition. 2002, ISBN 2-902808-05-4 ) (The work describes in French the large freight ring line around Paris including an overview map and various historical and current train stations)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ City of Ekurhuleni. City Planning Department: Ekurhuleni Built Environment Performance Plan, 2014/15. P. 9, on mfma.treasury.gov.za, PDF document p. 9. (English)