Barenburg (Emden)

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Barenburg
City of Emden
Coordinates: 53 ° 22 ′ 43 "  N , 7 ° 12 ′ 49"  E
Area : 2.49 km²
Residents : 7015  (June 30, 2015)
Population density : 2,816 inhabitants / km²
Postcodes : 26721, 26725
Area code : 04921
map
Location of Barenburg in the city of Emden

Barenburg is a district of Emden in Lower Saxony and was only created at the end of the 19th / beginning of the 20th century. However, Barenburg only reached its current size (with around 7,000 inhabitants, the second largest district of Emden) after the Second World War . Barenburg is bordered by canals in the west, south and east: in the west by Hinter Tief , in the south by the Stadtgraben, part of the Emder Wall , and in the east by Treckfahrtstief . Barenburg extends over an area of ​​2.49 km².

location

Barenburg borders the Harsweg district in the north , the border is the federal motorway 31 . The remaining boundaries of the district are formed exclusively by water courses. Tholenswehr lies east of Barenburg and Wolthusen to the south-east . The limit is formed by the low treadmill. Bentinkshof lies in the southeast, across the Emden city moat . The Hinter Tief in the west forms the border to Boltentor on a very short section at the height of the Emder Wall in the extreme southwest. Otherwise, the Tief Barenburg separates from Früchteburg .

history

The first written mentions of Barenburg can be found in two maps from the 16th century: in the map of s' Grooten from 1564 and in a map by Ubbo Emmius from 1599. In both cases, the spelling is Barenborg, which, according to Arend Remmers can be traced back to the castle of a man with the nickname Baare or to a connection with Bär. In any case, the “castle” could at best have been a so-called stone house .

With East Frisia, the present area came to Prussia in 1744 . In the years 1798 to 1800, the Treckschuitenfahrtskanal, later called Treckfahrtstief , was created between Emden and Aurich . It led from Emder Wall through the Meeden to Aurich and today forms the eastern border of the district. With barges , the horses towed were promoted the trek airline mail, cargo and passengers, where the channel has received its name. The hydraulic engineer Tönjes Bley from Horsten was in charge of the planning of the canal . The company was unable to establish itself in the long term, as the plan to run the canal through the entire East Frisian peninsula failed, not least due to insufficient funding.

After the Second World War , Polish occupation troops were initially housed in the Karl-von-Müller barracks. In 1947 several hundred Jewish exiles were quartered in the barracks. They were among those Jews who had previously emigrated to Palestine on the ship Exodus and were shipped back to Europe by the British occupying forces in Palestine as part of Operation Oasis . After an odyssey, several hundred Jews also came to Emden. The Polish soldiers quartered in the Emden barracks were relocated to other quarters. The Jews administered themselves in Emden. The organization corresponded to that in the kibbutzim ; therefore the Jews called the Emden camp the “Ha Bokeja” kibbutz. Since the British also allowed the spouses of legally admitted immigrants to enter Palestine, numerous marriages of convenience were concluded. On December 30, 1947 alone, nine weddings took place in the Emden camp. Even with forged identity documents, many Exodus Jews got through Holland and Belgium to Marseille and further back to Palestine. There the identity papers were passed on to an organization, which forged them and brought them back to Emden. The camp was not cordoned off; residents could move freely in the city. With the independence and establishment of the state of Israel on May 14, 1948, all restrictions on Jews ceased to exist. The Emden camp was cleared from July 1948.

Topographic map of Emden from 1954: In Barenburg (top right) the area up to and including Heinrich-Heine-Straße is built on.

During the city's reconstruction phase, Emden concentrated urban development on Barenburg, among other things. In 1954, for example, apartment blocks were inaugurated on August-Bebel-Strasse. In the 1950s, not only were new residential buildings built to replace the housing losses; Dealers also followed their customers and opened shops in the new residential areas, which in that decade was at the expense of inner-city development. The Barenburg School (today: Pestalozzi School) was opened in 1952. In 1953 a regular bus line connected Barenburg and the city center for the first time.

From 1968 the then two-lane western bypass road was created, the predecessor of today's first two sections of the A 31. This was done to keep the increasing car traffic to the industrial companies in the west of Emden , especially the Volkswagen factory in Emden , away from Auricher Straße and the city center .

In 1976, the NBC Abwehr Battalion 110 moved into the Karl von Müller barracks.

A familiar image in Barenburg for years: the Fuchs armored vehicles of the NBC defense

In the 1970s, the former union-owned housing association Neue Heimat built several high-rise buildings with up to eleven floors in Barenburg as part of the densification of housing . The “highlight” of this urban development was the construction of the two 35 meter high and 120 meter long “glass palaces”, which were completed in 1973 and were the largest residential buildings in East Frisia. In 1978 a citizens' association was founded with the aim of promoting cohesion among the residents in the young part of the city. However, when residents moved away, apartments were already vacant in the 1980s, and this trend was temporarily halted with the arrival of many emigrants, resettlers and asylum seekers at the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s. Between 1994 and 2002 the district lost more than 16 percent of its inhabitants. Between 1994 and 1999, the number of nationalities in Barenburg rose from 51 to 60. In 2002, the proportion of recipients of assistance for livelihoods in the densely built-up Klein-von-Diepold-Strasse was around 30 percent, of which 44 percent were children and young people. The unemployment rate at the time was 20 percent compared to twelve in the entire Emden city area at the time. As a study by the University of Applied Sciences Emden / Leer showed, Barenburg has a significant image problem in the Emden population. The Barenburg residents themselves complained to the interviewers above all about neighborhood deficits within the district.

In 1999 Barenburg was accepted into the Social City program . In addition to increased social work, structural measures have also taken place since then; This includes the construction of a sports park around the previously used area of ​​the Blau-Gelb Barenburg sports club (now Kickers Emden after the merger ), the conversion of a World War II bunker into a cultural bunker as a district meeting place and for city-wide cultural events, and the demolition of one of the two, which has been discussed for years Glass palaces on Klein-von-Diepold-Strasse. The conversion of the barracks area is also part of the further development of Barenburg. After the NBC Abwehr Battalion 110 was disbanded in 1997, it stood empty for years and was even used as an alternative parking space for cars to be handled in the port and as a pasture for sheep. In 2011 a discount store was established, and urban development began with the designation of building plots. A total of 50 are to be built, most of the first tranche of 32 properties has been sold. One of the barracks is being converted into a residential complex with barrier-free apartments for old and disabled people.

Architecture and urban planning

Glass palaces

In the west of the district there are houses from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries . However, Barenburg grew rapidly on the one hand during the reconstruction phase in the first half of the 1950s, and on the other in the late 1960s / early 1970s due to massive development, in which the formerly union-owned company Neue Heimat was significantly involved.

There is a two-storey row of terraced houses on Eggenastraße, which can be assigned to Art Nouveau .

Some houses from the 1920s show features of clinker expressionism . The houses that helped alleviate the immense housing shortage in the city, which was badly damaged in 1944, in the first two decades after the Second World War, are mostly practical buildings made of the red clinker stone so typical of East Frisia.

The two largest, originally identical residential buildings in East Frisia were located in Barenburg. The two elongated high - rise buildings with eleven floors were popularly known as glass palaces . In 2005 a discussion broke out in the city about whether one of the two glass palaces should be demolished, as only around 20 of 160 rental units were rented. After the city of Emden was able to acquire one of the two glass palaces in 2012, demolition of the building began in early 2013. The demolition work is expected to cost 1.5 million euros. The site is not to be rebuilt before 2023. A possible demolition of the second glass palace is currently not planned.

Another eight-story high-rise, three- to four-story clinker brick residential buildings and a massive, five-story senior citizen's home from the late 1960s and early 1970s also contributed to the dense residential development in Barenburg, before a move towards the designation of from the late 1970s Construction areas for single family homes took place.

Apart from the former area of ​​the Karl-von-Müller barracks, there are hardly any larger contiguous open spaces that are suitable for residential development, so that further development of the district is essentially only possible through the renovation and / or demolition and rebuilding of existing houses.

Residents

Barenburg currently has 7141 inhabitants (December 31, 2010). This means that almost 14 percent of all Emder live in Barenburg. Of the 7141 inhabitants, 6568 are Germans and 573 foreigners. This corresponds to a share of eight percent and in absolute numbers - with a small margin - the second highest value after the city center (688), which also has around 1,700 more inhabitants. Spätaussiedler and other Germans with a migration background, a large number of whom also live in Barenburg, are not included in this statistic.

politics

Barenburg is a stronghold of the SPD, which is clearly ahead of all other parties in the elections. In the 2013 federal elections, however, this was evident to varying degrees in the four Barenburg electoral districts (a fifth is formed by the residents of Früchteburg with a large majority ). In the electoral district special school, the Social Democrats got 58.12 percent of the second vote . The CDU got 19.84 and the left 9.53 percent of the vote. For the Christian Democrats this was well below the citywide result, for the left it was well above it. In the district of Grüner Weg, the SPD won 49.13 percent of the vote, the CDU an above-average 29.58 and the Left also an above-average 8.65 percent. In the district of Neue Heimat, 45.57 percent of the voters of the SPD gave their vote, which was already below the urban average. The CDU achieved a below-average 23 percent and the left an above-average 9.73 percent. In the constituency of Barenburg, the SPD received a below-average 43.45 percent. With 26.98 percent, the CDU was exactly one percentage point above the city-wide result, while the Left got the best result of all Emden's electoral districts with 12.89 percent. In that district the FDP won 3.17 percent, which made this constituency the only Barenburg in which the FDP was (albeit minimally) above the city result. In the Neue Heimat district, the Greens were 10.61 above the city result, in some of the others significantly below. For comparison: In the entire urban area, the SPD achieved 48.59, the CDU 25.98, the FDP 3.13, the Greens 9.15 and the Left 6.04 percent. Other parties accounted for 7.04 percent across the city. The turnout was 67.2 percent.

Public facilities

Culture bunker, front view

The Emden Hans Susemihl Hospital gGmbH (HSK) is located in Barenburg, as is the high school at Treckfahrtstief (GaT). A primary school and a secondary school are located in Barenburg, as well as Emden's only special school for intellectual development.

The culture bunker was opened in 2005 . This is a former air raid shelter that has been converted into a district and cultural center at a cost of more than two million euros.

In Barenburg is the former Karl-von-Müller barracks, named after the commander of the small cruiser Emden in the First World War . The NBC Defense Battalion 110 of the Bundeswehr was stationed there until the mid-1990s . After the unit was disbanded, the barracks were closed and no re-use has been found to this day. A use for living, local supply and sport is currently being discussed. So far (as of December 2008) only the restoration of the former barracks sports field as a training area for the BSV Kickers Emden and for the sporting use of the district center has been implemented.

traffic

Auricher Strasse

The main thoroughfare in the district is Auricher Strasse, which was part of Bundesstrasse 70 from Wesel to Norddeich in earlier decades and has now been de- dedicated. With 23,128 vehicles per day (according to the current traffic development plan from the early 2000s), the section between the Emden-Mitte junction of the A 31 and the intersection with Schützenstrasse / Geibelstrasse is one of the busiest road sections in Emden. There are still 16,800 vehicles on Auricher Strasse between the intersection with Schützenstrasse / Geibelstrasse and the wall crossing into the city center, and 21,200 on the wall crossing itself. Geibelstrasse on the one hand and Bolardus and Eggenastrasse on the other hand are responsible for the further development of the district. The latter two are both one-way streets, with Bolardusstraße leading from Auricher Straße into Barenburg and Eggenastraße out. On Geibelstrasse there is a traffic load of significantly more than 5000 vehicles per day, Bolardusstrasse and Eggenastrasse are loaded with a good 4200 and around 2900 vehicles respectively. The motorway between the Emden-Wolthusen and Emden-Mitte junctions is loaded with an average of 15,700 vehicles. The last-mentioned junction is on the border between the districts of Barenburg and Harsweg and is the closest to the district.

Barenburg is served by the lines 1, 2, 3 and 11 of the Emden city traffic.

Line 1 runs from the main station to Conrebbersweg and also runs through southern Barenburg past the clinic. Lines 2 and 3 serve Barenburg in a ring traffic. Line 11 runs from the main station to Harsweg and also runs through part of Barenburg.

Sports

The district is located in the immediate catchment area of Kickers Emden , whose stadium is in the neighboring district of Früchteburg, but not far from Barenburg. In 1976 a new sports club was founded in Barenburg: the Post Sports Club Emden, which was aimed primarily at employees of what was then the Deutsche Bundespost. After the privatization of the Bundespost, the association was renamed Blau-Gelb Barenburg. In May 2008 the BSV Kickers and Blau-Gelb merged. Since the BSV Kickers was the significantly larger and higher-class playing club, one can also speak of a takeover. However, in order not to let the Barenburger “disappear” completely in the new club, the “Ballspielverein Kickers Emden” became the “Barenburger Sportverein Kickers Emden”, which thus gets the traditional abbreviation.

The youth teams of the BSV can now play on the grounds of the former BG Barenburg, which has a sports field. In addition, the former sports field of the barracks has been restored by the city, which is also available for youth teams or training purposes for the first men's team.

literature

  • Marianne Claudi, Reinhard Claudi: Golden and other times. Emden, city in East Frisia . Gerhard Verlag, Emden 1982, ISBN 3-88656-003-1 .
  • Reinhard Claudi (Ed.): Stadtgeschichten - Ein Emder Reading Book 1495/1595/1995. Gerhard Verlag, Emden 1995, ISBN 3-9804156-1-9 .
  • Michael Foedrowitz , Dietrich Janßen: Air raid shelter in Emden. Self-published, Berlin / Emden 2008, OCLC 254736187 .
  • Gunther Hummerich / Wolfgang Lüdde: Reconstruction - The 50s in Emden. Verlag SKN, Norden, 1995, ISBN 3-928327-18-6 .
  • Herbert Kolbe : When everything started from scratch. 1945/1946. Gerhard Verlag, Emden 1985, ISBN 3-88656-006-6 .
  • Bernhard Parisius : Many looked for their own home. Refugees and displaced people in western Lower Saxony. (Treatises and lectures on the history of East Frisia, Volume 79). Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 2004, ISBN 3-932206-42-8 .
  • Onno Poppinga , Hans Martin Barth, Hiltraut Roth: Ostfriesland. Biographies from the Resistance. Syndicate authors and publishing company, Frankfurt am Main 1977, ISBN 3-8108-0024-4 .
  • Dietmar von Reeken : East Frisia between Weimar and Bonn. A case study on the problem of historical continuity using the example of the cities of Emden and Aurich. (Sources and studies on the history of Lower Saxony after 1945, Volume 7). Verlag August Lax, Hildesheim 1991, ISBN 3-7848-3057-9 .
  • Ernst Siebert, Walter Deeters , Bernard Schröer: History of the city of Emden from 1750 to the present. (East Frisia in the protection of the dike, vol. 7). Verlag Rautenberg, Leer 1980, DNB 203159012 , therein:
    • Walter Deeters: History of the City of Emden from 1890 to 1945. P. 198–256.
    • Bernard Schröer: History of the city of Emden from 1945 to the present. Pp. 257-488.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ emden.de: District information (PDF file) ( Memento from December 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ↑ emderzeitung.de: Emden's districts - Barenburg
  3. ↑ Arend Remmers: From Aaltukerei to Zwischenmooren - The settlement names between Dollart and Jade . Verlag Schuster, Leer 2004, ISBN 3-7963-0359-5 , p. 28.
  4. ↑ "Trecken" is East Frisian Low German and means "to pull".
  5. ^ Ernst Siebert: History of the city of Emden from 1750 to 1890. In: Ernst Siebert, Walter Deeters, Bernhard Schröer: History of the city of Emden from 1750 to the present. ( East Frisia in the protection of the dike , vol. 7). Verlag Rautenberg, Leer 1980, p. 52f.
  6. ↑ Gunther Hummerich / Wolfgang Lüdde: Reconstruction - The 50s in Emden . Verlag SKN, Norden, 1995, ISBN 3-928327-18-6 , p. 143.
  7. ↑ Gunther Hummerich / Wolfgang Lüdde: Reconstruction - The 50s in Emden . Verlag SKN, Norden, 1995, ISBN 3-928327-18-6 , p. 76.
  8. ↑ Gunther Hummerich / Wolfgang Lüdde: Reconstruction - The 50s in Emden . Verlag SKN, Norden, 1995, ISBN 3-928327-18-6 , p. 102.
  9. ↑ Gunther Hummerich / Wolfgang Lüdde: Reconstruction - The 50s in Emden . Verlag SKN, Norden, 1995, ISBN 3-928327-18-6 , p. 144.
  10. ^ Bernard Schröer: History of the city of Emden from 1945 to the present. In: Ernst Siebert, Walter Deeters, Bernard Schröer: History of the city of Emden from 1750 to the present. (East Frisia in the protection of the dike, vol. 7). Verlag Rautenberg, Leer 1980, DNB 203159012 , pp. 257-488, here p. 287.
  11. ^ History ( Memento of October 4, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on October 2, 2013.
  12. ↑ www.staedtebaufoerderung.info: Case study of the social city of Emden-Barenburg , PDF file, 290 kB, accessed on September 14, 2013.
  13. ^ Interim balance sheet "Socially Integrative City" in Emden-Barenburg. Retrieved December 13, 2018 .
  14. ↑ Heiner Schröder: The sheep are loose in the old Emden barracks. In: Ostfriesen-Zeitung, April 30, 2011, accessed on September 14, 2013.
  15. ^ Ute Klock: New land on the old barracks area. In: Ostfriesen-Zeitung, June 21, 2013, accessed on September 14, 2013.
  16. ^ Kurt Asche: Bürgerhäuser in Ostfriesland, Verlag Soltau-Kurier, Norden 1992, pp. 63–65.
  17. ↑ http://www.oz-online.de/-news/artikel/107496/Bagger-zeretzt-Emder-Glaspalast
  18. ^ City of Emden: Statistics Info 01/2011 . ( Statistics info / online document [PDF]).
  19. ↑ www.kdo.de: Voting districts Emden , accessed on September 25, 2013.
  20. ↑ This and the following figures at www.emden.de: Traffic Development Plan for Motorized Individual Transport ( Memento of October 14, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), PDF document, 47 pp., Here p. 16, accessed on May 19, 2013.