Uphusen

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Uphusen (disambiguation) .

Uphusen City of Emden Coordinates: 53 ° 22 ′ 42 ″  N , 7 ° 15 ′ 15 ″  E
Residents :	760  (2012)
Incorporation :	April 1, 1946
Postal code :	26725
Area code :	04921
Location of Uphusen / Marienwehr in the city of Emden

Uphuser Sea (east side)

Uphusen is a district in the east of Emden , which was incorporated in 1946. The name of the place means "higher (= up ). located houses ”.

Nearby is the Uphuser Meer , a water sports and holiday home area. The city of Emden also statistically counts the Marienwehr district as Uphusen. Uphusen currently has 760 inhabitants (2012).

history

middle Ages

The Dorfwurt Uphusens is a foundation of the early Middle Ages. Originally there were three individual settlements along the Uphuser low. In the late Middle Ages, the three settlements were connected to one another by embankments to form a large warf , the height of which is around five meters and the location of which is still visible in the town today. In the late Middle Ages, Uphusen was a glory .

For the period of the East Frisian chieftains is Wiard of Uphusen occupied, who worked in the second quarter of the 15th century, when one after the other, the tom Brok , the Ukena and finally the Cirksenas fought for supremacy in East Friesland. At that time Wiard was chief of Uphusen and Wolthusen , which is why people later spoke of Up- and Wolthusen as a glory . He was considered a loyal supporter of the Cirksenas and one of the most powerful and richest nobles in East Friesland, which was due to his extensive possessions: In addition to his ancestral seat Up- and Wolthusen, he was also chief of Groß-Faldern and Klein-Faldern , Borssum , Jarßum and from time to time and partly also from Oldersum . His dominion comprised a total of twelve parishes . Wiards daughter Occa inherited Up- and Wolthusen as well as Jarßum and married Snelger Houwerda. Their descendants remained in the possession of the glory Up- and Wolthusen until it was sold to the city of Emden. The chiefs had stone houses called castles in their splendor , in which they resided. In Uphusen, the castle stood to the north opposite the church, remains of the castle have not been preserved. In the rather spartan castle there was also the justice chamber, in which the chiefs Houwerda exercised the high and low jurisdiction. From chief Hicko (or Hicke) Houwerda († 1537) it is handed down from old trial files that he "for his authority" a man named Folkmar "let go and sleep with his stepdaughter". Also witch trials have survived from this period. Hicko Houwerda had the Baptist Andreas Karlstadt come to Uphusen around 1530. However, a short time later Karlstadt was banned from preaching in Uphusen. The reformer Johannes Ligarius was a preacher in the Uphus church after 1556.

Early modern age

After the Emden Revolution (1595), the city of Emden set about securing its eastern catchment area and access area by purchasing splendors . In the 16th and 17th centuries, individual branches or entire families were extinct in several of these aristocratic estates, the lords of which mostly went back to the medieval chiefs. The glories were also often in debt. They were thus open to acquisition, often by other (East Frisian or foreign) nobles. The city fathers of Emden feared that the East Frisian counts might seize the glories east of Emden and thereby block the important eastern land and waterways. Therefore, when the first opportunity arose, in 1597 the city bought the glories of Wolthusen and Uphusen from the Snelger Howerda family at a price of 62,750 guilders.

In the years 1629 to 1631, the city acquired other surrounding splendors on the right bank of the lower Ems. From the property of the Frese family in Uttum and Hinte came the greats Groß- and Klein- Borssum , later also Jarßum and Widdelswehr , for which Emden together paid a little more than 21,000 East Frisian guilders. In 1631, Emden finally acquired the largest area of ​​its glories, Oldersum , together with the surrounding villages of Gandersum , Rorichum , Tergast and Simonswolde . The city paid around 60,000 Reichstaler for this. With the exception of the glory of Petkum , Emden ruled the entire lower right bank of the Ems.

The acquisitions, made for geographical and strategic considerations, were to serve a further purpose in the future, according to the will of the Emden city tour: With the splendor, Emden hoped to gain a seat and vote in the knighthood curia of the East Frisian landscape from around 1636 .

“Only afterwards did Althusius and other shrewd lawyers derive this possibility of increasing the weight of the city from the title of mayor and council of the city of Emden, lords and chiefs of Oldersum, etc., who were right to lead the city rulers. Despite violent disputes, Emden was not allowed to be a member of the knightly curia of the country; the city was of course entitled to all other rulership rights arising from the ownership of the splendors, the claim of which did not depend on the personal nobility. In Up- and Wolthusen, in Borssum and Oldersum, there were administrative and accounting officers appointed by the council as well as judges who acted as local authorities on behalf of the city. All glories thus formed their own administrative districts and were not an integral part of the actual city area. "

- Bernd Kappelhoff : History of the city of Emden from 1611 to 1749. Emden as a quasi-autonomous city republic. P. 37 and 38.

In order to reduce the debts that resulted from the acquisition of the glories, the city of Emden sold its allodial goods in the glories in the following decades .

Colored copper engraved map by Homann, Nuremberg, around 1718 for the Christmas flood in 1717

Due to its more inland location east of Emden, Uphusen was significantly less affected by the Christmas flood of 1717 than the northern coastal sections of the East Frisian peninsula. However, according to a contemporary survey by the Larrelter preacher Jacobus Isebrandi Harkenroth, five people died in the glory. Eight horses and 52 cattle drowned. Two houses were completely destroyed and another partially destroyed.

From the first Prussian period to the German Empire (1744 to 1918)

With East Friesland the glory of Up- and Wolthusen came to Prussia in 1744 . Prussian statistics from 1805/06 show that in those years there were 41 residents of whole squares , ten residents of half a square and one resident of a quarter square, i.e. smaller courtyards. In addition there were 74 warf people, kotters and householders. There were five preachers and six sextons working in the churches of glory . The population of the glory was 1019. A diversified commercial life was added to agriculture. There were 13 millers, eight shoemakers, six carpenters, bakers and tailors each, five linen weavers, each brickworker and brewer, and a brandy burner. 13 people worked in the hospitality industry, to which the situation at the bottom of the trek contributed. Two midwives were responsible for the medical care. 54 people also earned their living as day laborers. In the glory there was an oil mill with five and a cutting mill with ten employees, a brandy distillery, linen weaver factories and a brickworks with ten employees. In agriculture there were 1468 head of cattle (including 25 oxen and 315 young cattle), 447 sheep, 425 pigs and 287 horses. In arable farming, farmers concentrated on oats and especially rapeseed, but also grew wheat, rye, barley, potatoes, peas and beans to a lesser extent.

In the years 1798 to 1800, the Treckschuitenfahrtskanal, later called Treckfahrtstief , was created between Emden and Aurich . It led from Emder Wall via (today's) Tholenswehr to Marienwehr and there turned sharply in a south-easterly direction to Uphusen. At the “Uphuser Klappe”, not only was a bascule bridge over the canal, which was first mentioned in 1807, but also an inn . With barges , the horses towed were promoted the trek airline mail, cargo and passengers, where the channel has received its name. The hydraulic engineer Tönjes Bley from Horsten was in charge of the planning of the canal . The company was unable to establish itself in the long term, as the plan to run the canal through the entire East Frisian peninsula failed, not least due to insufficient funding. It was only in the years 1880 to 1888 that the plan from the beginning of that century was implemented to continue the canal. It was extended to Wilhelmshaven and henceforth called the Ems-Jade Canal . This came too late for the Treckfahrtsgesellschaft: the construction of roads and railway lines in East Friesland meant the end of regular shipping to Aurich in the 1860s.

For the year 1823 294 inhabitants are recorded in Uphusen.

National Socialism

During the war, Emden was the target of Allied bombers 80 times during the air war . The Wehrmacht soldiers entrusted with the air defense tried to prevent the enemy aircraft from targeting by fogging . This sometimes led to uncontrolled drops, so that the suburbs were also hit by individual bombs. Damage was also recorded in Uphusen.

After 1945

Uphusen was incorporated into Emden in October 1945. This process, however, was preceded by several negotiations between the Lord Mayor of Emden, Georg Frickenstein, and the honorary mayor of the municipality of Uphusen, the farmer Petrus Hibbo Alrich Mescher. As early as June 1945, Frickenstein therefore decided to contact the mayors of Uphusen, Larrelt and Harsweg and to convince them of the necessity of incorporation. The city , which was badly damaged in World War II , barely had enough space to cope with all the rubble. In addition, the city limits (the towns of Wolthusen and Borssum, which were incorporated in 1928 ) were still closely aligned with the development. The Emden vegetable growers could no longer remain in the urban area, where every square meter of space was needed for rebuilding. In addition, in an application to the district president of August 9, 1945, Frickenstein referred to the fact that the suburbs would use both the schools and the Emden hospital (which had not been rebuilt at that time). In addition, many residents of the surrounding towns worked in Emden. On August 27th, Uphusen's mayor Mescher declared that the community rejected the suggestion that the people of Uphusen were not behind it. Frickenstein then sought a personal conversation with Mescher and was finally able to convince him of the mutual advantages of incorporation: Apart from the fact that the urban population at that time received higher food rations than the rural population, the Uphusians were made extensive concessions in the future urban development. Among other things, it was contractually stipulated that the village character of Uphusen should remain untouched. The incorporation contract was on 23./24. Signed October 1945, but did not enter into force until April 1, 1946 due to bureaucratic obstacles.

politics

In the 2013 federal election , the residents of the Uphusen / Marienwehr electoral district voted much more conservatively, but also significantly greener than the urban average, which was at the expense of the SPD. The latter was at 40.75 percent less clearly than the urban average before the CDU (32.93 percent), the Greens got 13.27 percent. For comparison: In the entire urban area, the SPD achieved 48.59, the CDU 25.98, the FDP 3.13, the Greens 9.15 and the Left 6.04 percent. Other parties accounted for 7.04 percent across the city.

Population statistics

As of September 30, 2012, Uphusen and Marienwehr had a total of 797 inhabitants. Of these, only a few dozen belong to the Marienwehr. This makes Uphusen the third smallest of the Emden districts in terms of population after Marienwehr and Logumer Vorwerk . Of the 797 inhabitants, only ten were foreigners, which corresponds to a share of 1.3 percent. The proportion of foreigners is therefore the third lowest among the Emden districts after Logumer Vorwerk and Twixlum, both in terms of absolute numbers and proportion . The comparison rate for the city is 5.1 percent.

The majority of the population (444) belong to the Reformed Church , which corresponds to a percentage of 55.7 percent. This means that Uphusen is well above the average for Emden; Lutherans make up just under the majority of Protestant Christians in the city (15,666 to 14,767). Mainly due to immigration after the beginning of the industrialization of Emden around 1900 and after the Second World War, the proportion of Lutherans in the city, which was previously clearly reformed, increased. Several of the villages that were later incorporated, including Uphusen, are still reformed by a large majority. There are 118 Lutheran residents in Uphusen (14.8 percent) and the Catholic Church has 49 residents (6.1 percent). The remaining 186 inhabitants (23.3 percent) are either non-denominational or belong to another religious denomination. Together, Protestant Christians make up 70.5 percent of the population.

23.2 percent of the residents (185 people) are older than 65 years, which clearly exceeds the urban average of exactly 20 percent. The age cohort of the up to 19-year-olds includes 153 people, or 19.2 percent of the population. In the age group between 19 and 24 years there are another 29 people, so that the number of all people up to 24 years is 182 (or 22.8 percent). The comparative figures for the urban area are 18.5 percent (up to 19 years) and 25.6 percent (up to 24 years). In the age cohort up to 19 years of age, Uphusen is slightly above the urban average, while Uphusen is only just under half of the urban average among 20-24 year olds.

Housing development and traffic

Village center of Uphusen with a view of the bascule bridge over the Ems-Jade Canal

Uphusen extends in a very thin strip on both sides of Uphuser Straße, the main road that leads from Emden to Riepe . In addition, the district is located on the Ems-Jade Canal , which in the center of a bascule bridge is crossed and as part of the main road to Riepe from a major road bridge that the passage of barges allowed. A hiking trail leads along the canal, and many residents have also built smaller jetties for private use. At the Uphuser flap , which is now a swing bridge instead of a bascule bridge, the low-level trek ends . Until the Ems-Jade Canal was built, the depression in the current bed of the canal continued to Aurich. In the course of the expansion of the Ems-Jade Canal, the hydraulic engineers had a loft bed built, and since then the low-level trek has ended without a direct connection to the canal on its dike.

The village center of Uphusen is characterized by many older houses and courtyards. A special feature in the town center was the distribution of so-called fire numbers instead of “normal” house numbers along the street. The numbers were simply distributed according to the age of the houses. This has since been changed by the city administration. In the 1990s, Uphusen was included in the village renewal program of the state of Lower Saxony, and streets, paths and houses were renovated as a result of this program. The three main streets in the old town center are from west to east Kirchhörn, Brückhörn and Osterhörn. In the building areas on both sides of the main road that emerged after the Second World War, the street names are named after fish species. The area south of the Ems-Jade Canal is connected to the rest of the district by a bascule bridge over the canal. Since the canal is almost exclusively used for recreational traffic and there are very few inland waterway crossings in commercial traffic, the bridge is not raised too often. Skippers request an opening by radio or mobile phone, this is done remotely from the operations center. Outside of the operating hours from morning to afternoon, the openings are chargeable. In addition, the A31 spans the canal, the maximum clearance for ships is 4.55 meters.

The closest motorway connection is the Emden-Wolthusen junction on the A31 . This is also where the border between the Wolthusen and Uphusen districts is located .

In city bus Uphusen is from the lines 4 and 14 are operated.

economy

There are extensive agricultural areas around Uphusen. The district is one of the few Emden where agriculture still plays a bigger role - at least this applies to land use. Areas east of Uphusen up to the border with the municipality of Ihlow (but also in the area of ​​the municipality of Ihlow itself) were inundated with silt in the second half of the 20th century , which was obtained from dredging in the Ems . These areas are now considered very fertile.

Apart from farms, a restaurant on the Uphuser Meer, a fish farm attached to it and individual small service companies that are almost exclusively housed in residential buildings, there are no commercial operations in Uphusen. Most of the residents work in companies that are located in other parts of the city of Emden or outside of Emden. Uphusen is the preferred residential area, the income of the residents may be considered above average.

Local public transport is ensured by line 504 of the municipal subsidiary Stadtverkehr Emden. The line runs from Uphusen via Wolthusen in the direction of the city center and on via Larrelt to Wybelsum . It connects several of the largest parts of the city. In addition, a line operated by an Aurich bus company runs from Emden via Uphusen and the neighboring municipality of Ihlow to Aurich, but only a few times a day.

Attractions

Evangelical Reformed Uphus Church

The Uphus Church is a successor to an older church from the 2nd half of the 13th century, which was built around 1440. Its construction is said to go back to Wiard von Uphusen. In the well-preserved center of the village there are a few Gulf farms as well as other historical buildings. A bascule bridge leads over the Ems-Jade Canal in the town center.

Secondary places

The following places or field names also belong to the district of Uphusens. The Uphuser Schwager is pastureland southeast of the town center. The name goes back to the old word "Swaag" for pastureland. The Uphuser Hammrich lies east of the village center. The farm name Uphuser grass house also indicates its use as pastureland . The courtyard and other buildings are on the north bank of the Ems-Jade Canal, east of the village center. The place name Uphuser Klappe goes back to an earlier bascule bridge.

literature

• Ernst Siebert, Walter Deeters , Bernard Schröer: History of the city of Emden from 1750 to the present. (= East Frisia under the protection of the dike. Volume 7). Verlag Rautenberg, Leer 1980, DNB 203159012 , therein:
  • Ernst Siebert: History of the City of Emden from 1750 to 1890. P. 2–197.
  • Walter Deeters: History of the City of Emden from 1890 to 1945. P. 198–256.
  • Bernard Schröer: History of the city of Emden from 1945 to the present. Pp. 257-488.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Arend Remmers : From Aaltukerei to Zwischenmooren - The settlement names between Dollart and Jade . Verlag Schuster, Leer 2004, ISBN 3-7963-0359-5 , p. 224.
2. ↑ www.emden.de: Village renewal Uphusen / Marienwehr Part 1  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , PDF file, p. 8, accessed on September 14, 2013.  
3. ↑ Wolfgang Schwarz: Archaeological sources on the settlement of East Frisia in the early and high Middle Ages. In: Karl-Ernst Behre, Hajo van Lengen (Ed.): Ostfriesland. History and shape of a cultural landscape . Ostfriesische Landschaftliche Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Aurich 1995, ISBN 3-925365-85-0 , pp. 75–92, here: pp. 80/81.
4. ↑ Fridrich Arends: Earth description of the principality of East Friesland and the Harlingerland. Emden 1824, p. 296. ( online in the Google book search, accessed on April 3, 2013)
5. ↑ Marianne Claudi, Reinhard Claudi: Golden and other times. Emden, city in East Frisia . Gerhard Verlag, Emden 1982, ISBN 3-88656-003-1 , p. 57 f.
6. ↑ Bernd Kappelhoff: History of the city of Emden from 1611 to 1749. Emden as a quasi-autonomous city republic. (= East Frisia under the protection of the dike. Volume 11). Verlag Rautenberg, Leer 1994, ISBN 3-7921-0545-4 , p. 37.
7. ↑ Bernd Kappelhoff: History of the city of Emden from 1611 to 1749. Emden as a quasi-autonomous city republic. (= East Frisia under the protection of the dike. Volume 11). Verlag Rautenberg, Leer 1994, ISBN 3-7921-0545-4 , p. 344.
8. ↑ Quoted in: Ernst Siebert: Development of the dyke system from the Middle Ages to the present. (= East Friesland under the protection of the dike. Volume 2). Verlag Deichacht Krummhörn, Pewsum 1969, DNB 457744383 , p. 334 f.
9. ↑ Karl Heinrich Kaufhold, Uwe Wallbaum (ed.): Historical statistics of the Prussian province of East Friesland (= sources for the history of East Friesia. Volume 16). Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1998, ISBN 3-932206-08-8 , pp. 135, 144, 372, 427 f., 593 and 618.
10. ^ Arend Remmers: From Aaltukerei to Zwischenmooren. The settlement names between Dollart and Jade. Verlag Schuster, Leer 2004, ISBN 3-7963-0359-5 , p. 225.
11. ↑ "Trecken" is East Frisian Low German and means "to pull".
12. ^ Ernst Siebert: History of the city of Emden from 1750 to 1890. In: Ernst Siebert, Walter Deeters, Bernhard Schröer: History of the city of Emden from 1750 to the present. (East Frisia under the protection of the dike. Volume 7). Verlag Rautenberg, Leer 1980, p. 52f.
13. ↑ Fridrich Arends: Earth description of the principality of East Friesland and the Harlingerland. Emden 1824, p. 297. ( online in the Google book search, accessed on April 6, 2013)
14. ↑ Herbert Kolbe: When everything started all over again. 1945/1946. Gerhard Verlag, Emden 1985, ISBN 3-88656-006-6 , p. 88.
15. ↑ Herbert Kolbe : When everything started all over again. 1945/1946. Gerhard Verlag, Emden 1985, ISBN 3-88656-006-6 , p. 83 ff.
16. ↑ Herbert Kolbe: When everything started all over again. 1945/1946. Gerhard Verlag, Emden 1985, ISBN 3-88656-006-6 , p. 87 f.
17. ↑ www.kdo.de: Emden voting districts. Retrieved September 25, 2013.
18. ↑ Statistics info . 4/2012, Statistics Office of the City of Emden, pp. 5, 7 and 9 ( online ( memento from January 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ); PDF; 4.7 MB, accessed on February 27, 2013)
19. ↑ www.nlwkn.niedersachsen.de: Ems-Jade-Kanal , further information in the PDF document stored there, accessed on September 13, 2013.