Oldersum

Oldersum municipality Moormerland Coordinates: 53 ° 19 ′ 45 ″  N , 7 ° 20 ′ 19 ″  E
Height :	3 m above sea level NN
Area :	11.15 km²
Residents :	1533  (December 31, 2016)
Population density :	137 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	1st January 1973
Postal code :	26802
Area code :	04924
Moormerland in the district of Leer

Oldersum is a district of the municipality of Moormerland in the East Frisian district of Leer . On December 31, 2016, the village had 1,533 inhabitants who lived on 11.15 km².

geography

Oldersum is located at the confluence of the Oldersumer Sieltiefs in the lower Ems , between the cities of Emden , Leer and Aurich . In Oldersum, state road 1 from Aurich meets state road 2 (section Leer – Emden). Neighboring towns are Gandersum , Rorichum and Tergast . Politically and administratively, Oldersum has belonged to the municipality of Moormerland since July 1, 1973, since 1932 to the district of Leer (previously to the district or office of Emden), Land Lower Saxony (before 1949 to the British occupation zone, in the German Reich to the state of Prussia ).

history

Form of settlement, topography and soil conditions

Oldersum was probably founded in the 8th century because of its traffic and strategic location (see above) and because of the favorable economic conditions in the profitable river marsh (flood plain) of the Ems on a long throw . Oldersum corresponds to the classic type of a long warft, with the church on one side and a "solid stone house", Oldersum Castle , on the other. At the top of the terp there is a road about 3.5  m above sea level. NN , the former Kirchstrasse, now Am Großen Tief, roughly in a north-south direction, from the church to the former market square. Up until the middle of the 20th century, small residential and commercial buildings were densely packed along Kirchstrasse, along with larger farmhouses along several cross streets. The highest point of the terp, at about 4.30 m above sea level. NN, is the location of the church, the grassland areas around Oldersum ( low moor locations , called Hammrich) are roughly at sea level.

Written first mention, oldest spelling and explanation of the place name

Oldersum means "old home" (many places on the Ems and in the Dutch area have the final syllable –um or –sum , from old Frisian hem ). The place was first mentioned in a document in April 1381, when the knight Ocko, heer van Broecmerlant ( Brookmerland ) ende van Averkerland ( Ocko I. tom Brok ) handed over his lands in East Friesland to Duke Albrecht of Bavaria and received it back as a fief , including twee burghe in Oldersem ("two castles"). The name itself and the fact that no earlier documentary mention can be found (for example in the land register of the Werden monastery , in which the smaller neighboring villages Gandersum and Rorichum are also mentioned) is remarkable and underlines the importance and the age of this place.

"Klottjehus" home parlor (former Baptist church)

Little is known from the time of the establishment of the place; excavations in the terp area have not yet taken place. It is possible that a terp was already present and populated before the migration period . The location of the second castle, which is said to have stood in the “ Tuitjebluss ” area , has not yet been clarified (see below).

Around the year 1000 the dyke construction began on the North Sea coast and along the estuary of the rivers and streams, which was completed around 1300. From then on the drainage was regulated via the deep, a natural drainage channel, and the flood and storm surge protection with a sluice , square and automatically closing water outlets. In the course of time and with due consideration for shipping, the sewer was relocated several times and became more and more complicated and expensive.

After building the dyke it was also possible to build on lower-lying areas, the new town, east of the terp, was built. In the fertile lowlands there are some very large and old farms. Monnikeborgum ("Mönchsburg") was a former Vorwerk of the Ihlow monastery until secularization at the time of the Reformation .

Oldersum belonged in the first time of the written mention to the chief tom Brok , from 1427 to the chiefs from Neermoor ( Focko Ukena and the son Uko Fockena ). Among other things, in 1433 a Hamburg armed force intervened in East Friesland, mainly due to heavy piracy. During these campaigns both Oldersum castles were destroyed, only one was rebuilt. In 1438 Wiard Haiken became the new lord and chief of Oldersum. His descendants ruled the Glory of Oldersum until 1631.

Oldersum had the rank of a market town , so it was a municipality with several, but not all, municipal rights, largely independent of the East Frisian Count House. The localities of the glory Oldersum (Oldersum, Gandersum, Rorichum, Tergast and Simonswolde ) were administered by Schüttemeister or builder (= mayor; in the French era Maire ), Oldersum, due to its size, at times by two. From 1840 these were called community leaders or district leaders, later mayors. Further sub-units of the patch were the Rotts, essentially tax and fire-fighting districts, which were headed by a Rottmeister. In addition, there were other “employees” of the community such as criminals, night watchmen, corpse bitters , peat knives (control of the units of measurement when peat loading).

In 1631 the heavily indebted glory Oldersum was sold to the city of Emden, which was then at an economic height. In 1744, Oldersum became Prussian when East Frisia was incorporated into Brandenburg .

Oldersum harbor with the Diedrich shipyard

Only from the beginning of the 20th century there was further settlement activity in Oldersum, first a few villas of wealthy citizens on Bahnhofstraße (today An der Rotbuche ), then smaller houses on Auricher Landstraße (from 1926) and on Tergaster Straße (1935). After the Second World War, the settlement area was expanded considerably.

Incorporations

On October 1, 1932, an administrative reform law came into force: various communities east of Emden, including Oldersum, and the Weener district , were incorporated into the new district of Leer. In the Reichstag election of March 5, 1933, the NSDAP received almost 70% of the vote in Oldersum.

On September 28, 1972, after a long discussion, the Oldersum municipal council voted in favor of joining the newly founded municipality of Moormerland; four council members voted for future membership in the city of Emden. The incorporation came into force on January 1, 1973.

Almost all important building documents from the eventful history of Oldersum were destroyed in the past century. The church fell victim to a damaging fire, the other buildings such as the castle, mill, train station and many town houses were "withdrawn from use", they fell into disrepair and were finally demolished or stood in the way of the expansion of traffic routes.

Population development

Population development (official censuses):

• around 1600: around 800 people (estimate)
• 1751: 0706 inhabitants
• 1808: 0840 inhabitants
• 1842: 0990 inhabitants
• 1855: 1110 inhabitants
• 1910: 1170 inhabitants
• 1939: 1291 inhabitants
• 1950: 1902 inhabitants (including 397 displaced persons)
• 1961: 1643 inhabitants
• 1970: 1595 inhabitants
• 1973: 1600 inhabitants (approximate figure)
• 2007: 1565 inhabitants

politics

Oldersum is politically represented by a 7-member local council.

The local mayor is Jens de Vries (SPD).

Culture and sights

Theaters and museums

As part of the Heimatverein, “De Theaterkring” plays Low German plays every year. In 2006, a historical open-air play was staged for the first time at the “Theater im Park”, which revised Oldersum's history: “Dusend Dalers”. The Laway group contributed the music and performed it live at the performances. The “ Oldersumer Puppenspölers ” puppet theater has been playing as a benefit stage for good causes since 2007.

In April 2011 a rope museum was opened, which presents the history of this traditional craft. For more than 100 years ropes were made from natural fibers in Oldersum - from small ropes for cattle to ropes for mooring ships. The construction of the museum cost the Moormerland community around 150,000 euros.

music

The rope-making museum

The Oldersum men's choir has existed since 1903, and the Shanty Choir since 1979. There is also a guitar choir founded in 1996, a youth guitar choir founded in 2012, the folk group "Ollersum Ceilidh", several recorder groups, as well as lessons in guitar and on the Ahrend organ, newly built in 2004 , a high-level instrument in the late baroque style. Newer styles of music are represented by the choirs "Querbeet" and Rorichum.

Buildings

Oldersum churches

Around 1400 a stone, single-nave church was built on the highest point of the terp in Gothic style, presumably in place of an older, possibly wooden, church. In 1526 the Oldersum Religious Discussion , which was important for East Frisian church history, took place here in the course of the Reformation ; since then the vast majority of the Oldersum rule has been Protestant reformed . In the church there was a grave vault for the Oldersum chiefs, a first organ was probably installed around 1450. In 1580 the church probably had an onion dome, from 1633 it was probably converted to an octagonal tip. In 1796 a new organ was installed by Johann Friedrich Wenthin , Emden. The old Oldersum Church burned down completely on the night of January 8th to 9th, 1916 due to a technical defect and was demolished in the same year, including the tower, the so-called "Leaning Tower of Oldersum". The Wenthin organ as well as the pulpit and pews were also destroyed.

After a transitional period with church services in the hall of the Hotel Brand, a new church was built in 1921/22 , including pulpit and benches, a gallery was built in 1925/26, a brass chandelier was purchased in 1927 and an organ by Friedrich Klassmeier , Lemgo, was installed in 1935 . The church received a separate bell tower only in 1956, after a wooden bell tower was used temporarily, in 2009 with three bells. In 1965 the church received an organ from Karl Schuke , Berlin, which was replaced in 2004 by an instrument made by the organ builder Jürgen Ahrend , Leer-Loga.

Other churches

In 1461 a chapel is mentioned in Monnikeborgum, an outbuilding of the Ihlow monastery .

In 1954, a Roman Catholic church was built on Heereweg for the many displaced persons and refugees who were taken in.

Until after the Second World War there was also a Baptist church in Oldersum, which today serves as the “Klottjehus” of the Heimatverein.

Economy and Infrastructure

Companies

Today there are important “central local functions”: a doctor, a dentist, a pharmacy, a veterinary practice, a physiotherapy practice, two hypermarkets, a primary school and a kindergarten.

traffic

The Oldersum depot is on the Rheine – Norddeich Mole railway line (Emsland line) . Passenger trains do not stop in Oldersum.

Personalities

• Boing von Oldersum (approx. 1500–1540), Drost von Jever and fiance of Frauleins Maria von Jever .

literature

The writer Fritz Gerhard Lottmann published the Low German novel Dat Hus sünner Lücht in 1918 , which describes the story of an Oldersum teacher and other people as well as the "old" Oldersum.

Web links

• Website of the municipality of Moormerland
• Oldersum in the 20th century
• History of the Jews in Oldersum
• Jewish genealogies (Oldersum)

Individual evidence

1. ^ History of the community of Moormerland. In: moormerland.de. Retrieved June 21, 2017 . 
2. ↑ Moormerland - NBG current brochure, page 32 - An overview of the districts. In: pdf file (9.3 MB) on moormerland.de. Retrieved June 21, 2017 . 
3. ↑ Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch No. 143, 144; further spelling according to the document book: 1428 ff. Uldersum .
4. ^ Herbert Reyer: East Frisia in the Third Reich - The Beginnings of the National Socialist Tyranny in the Aurich District 1933–1938 . Ostfriesische Landschaftliche Verl.- und Vertriebsges., Aurich 1992, ISBN 3-932206-14-2 , p. 14.
5. ↑ ^{a b c} Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 262 .
6. ↑ Local councilor Oldersum
7. ↑ puppenspoelers.de
8. ↑ New tourist attraction for Oldersum , Ostfriesen-Zeitung, April 4, 2011
9. ↑ cf. Low German novel Dat Hus sünner Lücht by Fritz Gerhard Lottmann
10. ↑ nomine.net