Löbejün
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Löbejün
City of Wettin-Löbejün
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| Height : | 104 m |
| Area : | 20.52 km² |
| Residents : | 2247 (Dec. 31, 2009) |
| Population density : | 110 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | January 1, 2011 |
| Postal code : | 06193 |
| Area code : | 034603 |
  Location of Löbejün in Wettin-Löbejün
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Löbejün is a district of the city of Wettin-Löbejün in the Saalekreis in Saxony-Anhalt . Schifferstadt has been a twin town since 2002.
location
Löbejün is located 15 km north of Halle (Saale) . The place is located in mountainous terrain that rises from the Fuhne lowland from north to south.
Löbejün is known for the so-called Löbejün porphyry (exact petrographic name: rhyolite ). In the northeast of the city area also exist coal - seams . Limestone was mined in the Schlettau district .
In addition to the village of Löbejün, the following places belong to Löbejün:
- Gottgau
- Schlettau
history
The Werinogau region, which originally belonged to Thuringia, was incorporated into the Franconian Empire by 595. In the 7th century, old Sorbian settlers began to immigrate, certainly supported by the Franks. The place name comes from Old Sorbian. The place was first mentioned in the year 961 as Liubichun in Gau Nudici, when it was donated by the king to Magdeburg's Moritz monastery. With the foundation of the Archdiocese of Magdeburg in 968, the place was transferred to it. The existing rampart became the center of a Burgward s (castle district with surrounding places) in the 10th century . The place has been addressed as a city since the 13th century. Since 1680 the city belonged to the Brandenburg-Prussian Duchy of Magdeburg and was in the then Saalkreis . The media city was subject to the jurisdiction of the royal Prussian office of Giebichenstein . Between 1807 and 1813 Löbejün was the capital of the canton Löbejün in the Halle district of the Saale department in the Kingdom of Westphalia . From 1815 the place belonged to the Saalkreis in the Prussian province of Saxony . On July 1, 1950, Schlettau was incorporated into the town of Löbejün.
On January 1, 2011, the towns of Löbejün and Wettin and the communities of Brachwitz , Döblitz , Domnitz , Gimritz , Nauendorf , Neutz-Lettewitz , Plötz and Rothenburg , which had previously been merged in the Saalkreis Nord administrative community, became the new town of Löbejün-Wettin, which received its current name Wettin-Löbejün on April 7, 2011.
Population development
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¹ Source: Erich Keyser (Ed.): German City Book - Handbook of Urban History , Volume 2, 1941
² Source: State Statistical Office of Saxony-Anhalt (December 31 and October 3, 1990)
politics
mayor
The last mayor of the city was Thomas Madl ( CDU ), he was re-elected on September 28, 2008.
coat of arms
Blazon : "In green, two diagonally crossed silver keys, the beards turning outwards, angled by four roses, the upper and lower silver, the two on the side red."
Industrial and mining history
The Löbejun porphyry has been mined since 1518 (first mention of a quarry) .
In Löbejün there is one of several small hard coal deposits in Hallesches Revier. Geologically, this deposit, as part of the Halle permacarbonic complex , can be assigned to the Wettin strata from the Pennsylvania . Characteristic is a partly extremely steep position of the seams , which, together with a constant water shortage, presented unfavorable conditions for mining.
The first reports of hard coal discoveries are from 1446. Attempts at extraction can be documented for 1564, 1613 and 1622 to 1626, but mining was not permanently started due to problems with the pit drainage and due to the Thirty Years' War .
On December 12, 1691, a trade union headed by the Brandenburg court chamber president Dedo Freiherr von Knyphausen was granted the privilege to mine coal after coal was found in front of the Plötzer Tor, where it was already being mined from 1622 to 1626. The new find fell at a time when the supplies of firewood in the Halle region were becoming scarce and the coal was needed in particular to supply the salt pans in Halle, but also for house fires, brickworks and quick lime ovens.
From 1695 miners from Hesse, Saxony and Thuringia were recruited for the mining and between 1723 and 1803 they sank over 30 shafts, some of them down to depths of 130 m. At that time, primarily the upper seam, which is 40–50 m deep, and the second seam, 70–80 m deep, were built.
To promote and drainage came up with several shafts Pferdegöpel used, also became the drainage from Fuhnetal a 400m long from 1756 from drainage tunnel ahead. Between 1734 and 1762, at least 15 miners were killed in water ingress, shaft falls and under mountain masses. In 1795, the first steam engine built in Germany according to the Wattscher design was used for dewatering . The machine had previously been in use in copper slate mining on the König-Friedrich-Schacht in Burgörner since 1785 and remained in operation in Löbejün until 1848. The 5.25 m high original cylinder of the machine can be viewed as a technical monument in Löbejün.
From around 1820 onwards, in the course of general industrialization, an upswing in mining began. Until then, only around 2,000 to 6,000 tons of coal were mined per year, but now the production has increased to over 20,000 tons per year. The quality of the coal mined even allowed coke production in the 1860s and 1870s . Increasingly, however, the competition between the mines in the Rhenish-Westphalian coal region became noticeable, which the small mines around Löbejün were not up to. Another setback received the promotion, as 1876/77 large parts of the mine workings by water leaks absoffen .
The competitive situation, the damage caused by ingress of water and the exhaustion of coal reserves led to the closure of the Löbejun coal mine on October 3, 1883. In total, 1,247,467 tons of hard coal were mined in Löbejün between 1713 and 1883 in 170 years of operation, including 292,180 tons between 1713 and 1815 and 955,287 tons between 1816 and 1883.
Selected key figures of the Löbejun hard coal mining industry:
| year | Conveyance (tons) | Employees |
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| 1729/30 | 1709 | 53 |
| 1745/46 | 2308 | 65 |
| 1766/67 | 2486 | 123 |
| 1790/91 | 4188 | 138 |
| 1820 | 6490 | 109 |
| 1840 | 13358 | 177 |
| 1852 | 23093 | 188 |
| 1860 | 18392 | 146 |
| 1868 | 22125 | 172 |
| 1876 | 9643 | 116 |
| 1880/81 | 11404 | 87 |
(Source: Gericke 2007, p. 80)
Culture and sights
Old town
The old town of Löbejüns presents itself with its narrow and partly very steep streets in a very original character: Some streets have no or only partial paving. Natural stone roads and structures made of Löbejun porphyry are therefore typical of the old town . Noteworthy are the Hallesche Tor and preserved parts of the city wall, as well as the Loßplatz with the stair-like Bornschlippe lane that begins there, or the Kämnitz lane , in which porphyry sheds are clearly visible.
Museums
- Local history museum in Hallesches Tor
- Carl Loewe Museum and Memorial (opening of the new Carl Loewe Museum at the end of April 2014)
Monuments and memorials
- War memorial 1914–1918 from 1924, created after a design by the sculptor Paul Horn
- Memorial plaque from 1960 on his home at Hallesche Straße 15 in memory of Friedrich Röber, who was murdered in Nordhausen in 1935 .
- Memorial stele from 1982 in front of the primary school Schillerstraße 9 (in GDR times POS Friedrich Röber) to the sculptor Roland Wetzel, who was named after him at the time . A memorial stone for Ernst Thälmann has stood in the school courtyard since 1955 .
- Obelisk in the park cemetery commemorating the victims of fascism , next to it seven individual graves of Nazi victims.
music
The International Carl-Loewe-Gesellschaft eV is dedicated to the memory of the Löbejün-born composer Carl Loewe with concerts and the Carl-Loewe-Festtage as part of the Saxony-Anhalt Music Festival . In 2008 she made Ian Lilburn an honorary member. There is also the shawm orchestra Grün Weiss Löbejün e. V.
Quarries
Some abandoned quarries ("Kessel 1, 2 and 3") are used today by climbing and diving athletes. They are known for their steep walls and good visibility under water, are partly filled with large fish ( pike , sturgeon , carp ) and have numerous industrial artifacts under water such as track systems, a pump house and tipping lorries.
Economy and Infrastructure
In Löbejün, porphyry is quarried, which is used on the one hand as gravel for road construction, but on the other hand is built in different shapes and sizes, as evidenced not least by the city wall, Hallesche Tor and other buildings in the city.
The station Löbejün (Saalkr) was due to the now disused railway Nauendorf-Gerlebogk .
Löbejün's sons and daughters
- Christian Förner (* 1609; † 1678 in Wettin ), organ builder
- Friedrich Christian Göring (born March 26, 1736; † 1791 in Demmin ), Protestant theologian and General Superintendent of Pomerania in Stettin from 1775 to 1791
- Carl Loewe (born November 30, 1796; † April 20, 1869 in Kiel ), composer. The house where Loewes was born was demolished in 1886, and the old school (today: Carl Loewe House ) was built in its place near the St. Petri Church
- Carl Hauß (* 1855; † 1942), administrative lawyer, patent office
- Karl Theiss (* 1870; † 1941), political scientist, professor, Privy Councilor
- Ms. Lehne (* 1874; † 1957), writer
- Max Wolff (* 1879; † 1963), biologist
- Thomas Madl (* 1957), politician
People related to the place
- Ferdinand Wilcke (1800–1861), chief preacher in Halle / S., Author of the book History of the City of Löbejün (1853)
literature
- Ferdinand Wilcke: History of the city of Löbejün . Otto Hendel, Halle 1853.
- Helmut Homann: About the former coal mining near Löbejün. in: Fundgrube. Issue 4/1983. Pp. 106-113.
- Hans Otto Gericke: On the historical role of mining in the Halle area. in: Thomas Brockmeier / Peter Hertner [Ed.]: People, markets and machines. The development of industry and medium-sized businesses in the Halle (Saale) area. Central German publisher. Halle / Saale 2007. pp. 76–94. ISBN 978-3-89812-434-8
- Siegmar von Schultze-Galléra : Walks through the Saalkreis (Volume 4), Halle 1921
