Bellevue Sanatorium
The Bellevue Sanatorium was a private psychiatric sanatorium in Kreuzlingen from 1857 to 1980 , which was run by the Binswanger family for four generations and from which a number of well-known psychiatrists emerged .
history
Era of Ludwig Binswanger the Elder Ä.
Ignaz Vanotti from Konstanz acquired a large piece of land in the area of the old Kreuzlingen monastery in 1842 and built a residential and commercial building on it in 1843 for the emigrant printing company Bellevue , which had been set up in the Römerburg in Kreuzlingen until then . In 1857 Ludwig Binswanger the Elder acquired Ä. , who had been the director of the insane asylum in nearby Münsterlingen since 1850 , took over the property and opened a private institution on it for the sick and nurses from the better classes in Switzerland and abroad . The clinic soon became very popular and, under the leadership of the Binswanger family, remained a healing and research facility for the next 124 years, providing important impulses for the further development of psychiatry in science and practice.
Robert Binswanger era
After Ludwig Binswanger's death, his son Robert Binswanger took over the management of the sanatorium. Under his aegis , the sanatorium was continuously expanded and it gained an excellent international reputation. Many important psychiatrists received their training at this clinic.
The clientele came from wealthy families and the German, Russian and Italian nobility. Josef Breuer from Vienna , who had written Studies on Hysteria (1895) with Sigmund Freud , referred his famous patient Anna O. ( Bertha Pappenheim ) to Binswanger; she was the first patient ever to be treated according to the psychoanalytic method .
As a psychiatrist, Binswanger relied on the one hand on physical therapies in the form of nutritional, hydro, electrical and pharmacological therapies, and on the other hand in the “therapeutic community”. Like his father, Robert Binswanger included his entire family in caring for the sick.
Ludwig Binswanger era
When Robert Binswanger died in 1910, his son Ludwig Binswanger took over the management of the sanatorium at the age of almost 30. He had studied and worked as an assistant with Eugen Bleuler in Burghölzli in Zurich and with his uncle Otto Binswanger in Jena and was introduced to Sigmund Freud in 1907 by Carl Gustav Jung , with whom he remained connected until his death. His younger brother Otto was in charge of the institute's economic management so that he could concentrate on his scientific work. Ludwig Binswanger is known as the founder of Daseinanalysis , a synthesis of psychoanalysis and existential philosophy . Numerous artists and scientists such as the painter Ernst Ludwig Kirchner , the dancer Vaslav Nijinsky , the poet Simon Frank , the actor and director Gustaf Gründgens or the cultural anthropologist Aby Warburg were his patients. Ludwig Binswanger was exceptionally well educated, he liked to read Homer in the original, was in lively correspondence and in personal contact with colleagues and great intellectuals of his time such as Karl Jaspers , Oskar Kohnstamm , Arthur Kronfeld , Edmund Husserl , Max Scheler , Kurt Goldstein , Leopold Ziegler , Martin Buber , Werner Bergengruen , Leonhard Frank , Rudolf Alexander Schröder , Edwin Fischer , Henry van de Velde and Emil Staiger .
Wolfgang Binswanger's era
In 1956 Ludwig Binswanger handed over the management of the clinic to his son Wolfgang (1914–1993), the last Binswanger in Bellevue . In 1980 he stopped the sanatorium for financial reasons. The "Binswanger Archive" (administrative files, partial estates from the Binswanger family) has been in the Tübingen University Archives since 1986 , the library holdings there in the Institute for Ethics and History of Medicine at the University of Tübingen.
Of the numerous buildings that made up the former Bellevues complex , only a few have survived and have been renovated and rebuilt. The former main building of Bellevue on Hauptstrasse now houses business and office space. The original park building at the other end of the park now houses the «Bellevue vein clinic», a private clinic specializing in venous diseases. The main part of the area was used for the construction of a residential complex in the 1990s.
literature
- Jörg Aeschbacher: Encounter with the Bellevue sanatorium. In: Ludwig Binswanger. A booklet for the hundredth birthday of Dr. med., Dr. med. hc and Dr. phil. hc Ludwig Binswanger. Kreuzlingen 1981, pp. 21-44.
- Ludwig Binswanger: On the history of the Bellevue sanatorium in Kreuzlingen 1857–1957, Kreuzlingen 1957.
- Kaspar Domeyer: Binswangers Privatklinik Bellevue 1886–1890, dissertation Tübingen 2004 digitized .
- Katja Gertrud Doneith: Binswanger's private clinic Bellevue 1881–1885, doctoral thesis Tübingen 2008 digitized .
- Christina Egli / Rainer Hocher: Belle-Vue. Bloom and decay of an institution, Wiss-lit Verlag, Konstanz 1990, ISBN 3-89038-902-3 .
- Amei Fischer: Binswangers Anstalt Bellevue 1891–1895, dissertation Tübingen 2004 digitized .
- Julia Susanne Gnann: Binswangers Kuranstalt Bellevue 1906–1910 . Tübingen 2006 ( DNB 982382871 , urn : nbn: de: bsz: 21-opus-22390 , PDF, 342 pages, 1.5 MB, dissertation at the University of Tübingen 2006).
- Max Herzog (ed.): Ludwig Binswanger and the chronicle of the “Bellevue” clinic in Kreuzlingen. A Psychiatry in Life Pictures, Quintessenz, Berlin / Munich 1985, ISBN 3-86128-236-4 .
- Daniela Antonia Meile: Binswangers Asyl Bellevue 1876–1880, dissertation Tübingen 2012 digitized .
- Annett Moses, Albrecht Hirschmüller (with the assistance of Claudia Schöllkopf, Claudia Stäbler, Sandra Josefin Schweizer, Stefanie Weismann-Günzler, Daniela Meile and Ursula Wittern): Binswanger's Bellevue Psychiatric Clinic in Kreuzlingen. The "asylum" under Ludwig Binswanger sen. 1857-1880. Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 3-631-52010-7 .
- Sandra Josefin Schweizer: Binswanger's establishment “Bellevue” 1866–1870, dissertation Tübingen 2000.
- Claudia Stäbler: Binswangers Private Clinic Bellevue 1861–1865, doctoral thesis Tübingen 2001.
- Ibolya Stollwerck: Binswangers Kuranstalt Bellevue 1896–1900, Dissertation Tübingen 2007 digitized .
- Stefanie Christina Weismann-Günzler: Binswanger's Asyl Bellevue 1871–1875, dissertation Tübingen 2004.
- Johannes Michael Wischnath (Ed.): "Happy house, blessed profession." The Binswanger Sanatorium Bellevue in Kreuzlingen in the mirror of the Tübingen Binswanger Archive, University Archive Tübingen, Tübingen 2003 Digitized .
- Julia Anne Würthner: The Swiss law for the insane at the end of the 19th century and the La Roche case, processed using the documents of the head of the private insane asylum Bellevue in Kreuzlingen Robert Binswanger, Psychiatrie-Verlag, Bonn 2008, ISBN 978-3-88414-448-0 .
Web links
- On the origins and development of the Bellevue Sanatorium (PDF file; 697 kB)
Individual evidence
Coordinates: 47 ° 39 '12.7 " N , 9 ° 10' 20.7" E ; CH1903: 730 249 / 279536