Josef Breuer

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Josef Breuer at the age of 35 (1877). Portrait photo from his curriculum vitae .

Josef Breuer (born January 15, 1842 in Vienna , Austrian Empire ; † June 20, 1925 in Vienna, Republic of Austria ) was an Austrian doctor, internist , physiologist and philosopher . In addition to Sigmund Freud , he is considered a co-founder of psychoanalysis .

Life

Josef Breuer grew up as the older of two sons of a religion teacher in the Jewish community , Leopold Breuer, and his wife Bertha, nee. Semler in Vienna. After graduating from high school and studying in his hometown, where he was particularly interested in physiology under the influence of Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke , he received his doctorate in medicine in 1867 at the age of 22. In 1868 he married Mathilde Altmann (1846–1931); the marriage resulted in five children.

He completed his habilitation in physiology and did research on the sense of balance (Mach-Breuer's flow theory of the endolymph of the inner ear), temperature control and breathing ( Hering-Breuer reflex ). After the death of his teacher Oppolzer, he established himself as a general practitioner. Well-known colleagues from the medical faculty in Vienna and numerous greats in Viennese society were his patients.

The experience that Josef Breuer gained in 1880/1881 while treating Bertha Pappenheim (pseudonym: Anna O. ) formed the basis for the “ Studies on Hysteria ” published together with Sigmund Freud in 1895 (previously published jointly: “About the psychological mechanism of hysterical phenomena ”; 1893). This work (and the underlying case history) was described by Freud himself as the root and starting point of psychoanalysis .

In contrast to the complete cure of the patient claimed in the publication, she continued to suffer from serious mental disorders and had to undergo inpatient therapies several times in the following years. He was buried at the Döblinger Friedhof .

Fonts (selection)

  • Two cases of hydrophobicity. In: Wiener medical Wochenschrift 18 (1868). Sp. 178 f., 210-213.
  • The behavior of intrinsic heat in diseases. In: Wiener medical Wochenschrift 18 (1868). Sp. 982-985, 998-1002.
  • The self-regulation of breathing by the vagus nerve. In: Meeting reports of the Academy of Sciences Vienna, math.-naturw. Kl. 58/2 (1868), pp. 909-937.
  • Comments on Senator's "Contributions to the Doctrine of Self-Warmth and Fever". In: Arch. Path. Anat., Berlin 46 (1969), p. 391 f.
  • Via semicircular canals of the labyrinth. In: Allg. Vienna. med. Ztg. 18 (1873), pp. 598, 606.
  • About the function of the semicircular canals of the ear labyrinth. In: Med. Jb., Vienna 1874. pp. 72–124.
  • On the theory of the static sense (organ of equilibrium). Preliminary notification. In: No. Ges. Doctors, Vienna 1873. No. 9 (December 17, 1873), pp. 31–33.
  • Contributions to the theory of the static senses (balance organ, vestibular apparatus of the ear labyrinth). Second message. In: Med. Jb., Vienna 1875. pp. 87–156.
  • New attempts at the ear arch canals. In: Arch. Physiol. 44, pp. 135-152 (1889).
  • About the function of the otolith apparatus. In: Arch. Physiol. 48: 195-306 (1891).
  • About brommastitis. In Vienna. med. Presse 35 (1894), col. 1028.
  • Via arcades and a sense of space. In: Arch. Physiol. 68 (1897), pp. 596-648.
  • The Darwinism Crisis and Teleology. Lecture given on May 2, 1902. In: Lectures and Discussions. (1902), pp. 43-64. Reprint of the 1902 edition: Edition diskord, Tübingen 1986.
  • About galvanotropism in fish. In: Zbl. Physiol., Wien 16 (1902), pp. 481-483.
  • Studies on the vestibular apparatus. In: Meeting reports of the Academy of Sciences Vienna, math.-naturw. Kl. 112/3 (1903), pp. 315-394.
  • About galvanotropism ( galvanotaxis ) in fish. In: Meeting reports of the Academy of Sciences Vienna, math.-naturw. Kl. 114/3 (1905), pp. 27-56.
  • About the organs of hearing in birds. In: Meeting reports of the Academy of Sciences Vienna, math.-naturw. Kl. 116/3 (1907), pp. 249-292.
  • Comments on Dr. H. Abel's treatise "on after-sensations in the area of ​​the kinesthetic and static sense". In: Zschr. Psychol. Physiol. Sensory care 45 (1907), 1st Dept., pp. 78-84.
  • About Ewald's experiment with the pneumatic hammer (semicircular canal apparatus). In: Zschr. Sinnesphysiol. 42 (1908), pp. 373-378.
  • Curriculum vitae [1923]. In: Dr. Josef Breuer 1842–1925. Vienna undated [1927]. Pp. 9-24.
  • A telepathic document. In: Umschau 28 (1924). P. 215 f.
  • Josef Breuer / Rudolf Chrobak: On the doctrine of wound fever. Experimental study. In: Med. Jb., Vienna 22/4 (1867). Pp. 3-12.
  • Josef Breuer / Sigmund Freud: About the psychological mechanism of hysterical phenomena. Preliminary notification. In: Neurol. Zbl. 12 (1893), pp. 4-10, 43-47; at the same time in: Vienna. med. Sheets 16 (1893), pp. 33-35, 49-51.
  • Sigmund Freud / Josef Breuer: Studies on Hysteria. Franz Deuticke, Leipzig + Vienna 1895. Reprint: 6th edition. Fischer, Frankfurt a. M. 1991. ISBN 3-596-10446-7
  • Josef Breuer / Alois Kreidl: About the apparent rotation of the visual field during the action of a centrifugal force. In: Arch. Physiol. 70: 494-510 (1898).
  • Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach / Josef Breuer: An exchange of letters. 1889-1916. Bergland-Verlag, Vienna 1969

literature

Web links

Commons : Josef Breuer  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Josef Breuer  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Werner E. Gerabek: Breuer, Joseph. 2005, p. 209.
  2. ^ Josef Breuer grave site , Vienna, Döblinger Friedhof, Group 20, Row 3, No. 3.
personal data
SURNAME Breuer, Josef
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian doctor, physiologist and philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH January 15, 1842
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH June 20, 1925
Place of death Vienna