Franz Duncker

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Franz Gustav Duncker

Franz Gustav Duncker (born June 4, 1822 in Berlin ; † June 18, 1888 there ) was a German publisher, left-liberal politician and social reformer.

Family and education

Franz Gustav Duncker was a son of the publisher Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Duncker and brother of the publisher Alexander Duncker , the historian Maximilian Duncker and the mayor of Berlin Hermann Carl Rudolf Duncker .

Duncker studied philosophy and history in Berlin. He joined the old Berlin fraternity and in 1842 the fraternity reading club . After his studies he also worked as a publisher and bookseller.

He was married to Karoline Wilhelmine (called Lina) Duncker (born April 17, 1825 in Haus Ahr near Wesel ; † 1885), née Tendering , since 1849 . They had a daughter, Marie (married Magnus), who was born in 1856.

Booksellers and publishers

Franz Duncker and Aaron Bernstein founded the Urwähler newspaper, which appeared regularly from April 1, 1849 . On April 9, 1853, he took over the shares in Bernstein and continued the newspaper as the Volks-Zeitung - organ for everyone from the people . In the early 1860s, according to the publisher's own statistics , the Volks-Zeitung is said to have been one of the highest-circulation publications in the Prussian capital with around 22,000 copies . Between 1850 and 1877 Duncker was the owner of the Besser publishing house, which was then taken over by Wilhelm Ludwig Hertz . Duncker was the publisher of Ferdinand Lassalles : The Philosophy Herakleitos the Dark of Ephesus (1858) and The Italian War and the Surrender of Prussia (1859). In 1859 he published Karl Marx's On Critique of Political Economy. First issue and the anonymously written brochure by Friedrich Engels Po und Rhein . Duncker sold the Volks-Zeitung in 1885 to the publisher Emil Cohn , who sold it to Rudolf Mosse around twenty years later .

Political activity

During the revolution of 1848 he was captain of the Berlin militia .

After the reaction era, Duncker was active in the liberal and national movement. He was one of the co-signers of the Eisenach resolutions and in 1859 was a co-founder of the German National Association , of which he was a member of the governing committee until 1867. In 1861, Duncker was one of the founding members of the Progress Party and was a member of the party's central election committee. Since 1874 Duncker belonged to the executive committee of this party, for which Duncker sat between 1862 and 1877 as a member of the Prussian House of Representatives . In 1863 he was a member of the thirty-six committee in Frankfurt am Main . Since 1866, Duncker was also a member of the standing committee of the German parliament. During the Prussian constitutional conflict in 1861 he was one of those who turned against the reshuffle of the Landwehr, because this would lead to a weakening of the "civil spirit", which until then should have been the only corrective to the "militaristic corps spirit". In the Prussian Parliament in 1873 he spoke out against the Kulturkampf . He argued that the “blacks” were being presented as horror images, just as the Democrats would have been persecuted in 1848. From 1867 to 1877 he was also a member of the Reichstag . He himself had no fear of contact with politicians from other parties and was friends , for example, with the SDAP co-founder Samuel Spier, who also lives in Frankfurt .

Social reformer

The grave of Franz Duncker with the gravestone designed by Gustav Eberlein

In 1865, Duncker was chairman of the large Berlin craft association. Together with Max Hirsch and Hermann Schulze-Delitzsch , Duncker founded the Hirsch-Duncker trade associations, which were also named after him . These were a liberal trade union movement founded in 1869. In 1873 he was a co-founder of the Verein für Socialpolitik .

tomb

Franz Duncker died in Berlin in 1888 at the age of 66. His final resting place is in Cemetery I of the Jerusalem and New Churches in Berlin-Kreuzberg (field 1/2). The remarkable gravestone comes from Gustav Eberlein . An elaborately worked relief - surrounded by a garland of poppy capsules and flowers - depicts Franz Duncker. On the base of the grave memorial a small inscription plaque reminds of Duncker's father, whose own grave in the neighboring cemetery III of the Jerusalem and New Churches has not been preserved.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hans-Ulrich Wehler: German history of society: From the "German double revolution" to the beginning of the First World War, 1849-1914 . In: German history of society . tape 3 . CH Beck, 1995, ISBN 3-406-32263-8 , pp. 162 .
  2. ^ Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume I: Politicians. Sub-Volume 1: A-E. Heidelberg 1996, p. 227.
  3. ^ A b Theodor Fontane, Martha Fontane: Ein Familienbriefnetz , Volume 4 of the writings of the Theodor Fontane Society, Letter 142, Number 265, editor Regina Dieterle, Verlag Walter de Gruyter, 2002, ISBN 9783110857825
  4. ↑ Ingrid Hassmann: The Tendering Sisters in the 19th Century , voerde.de, accessed on December 12, 2015
  5. ^ Richard Kohnen: Press Policy of the German Confederation: Methods of State Press Policy after the Revolution of 1848. Kohnen-Vogell, 1995, p. 132 f.
  6. ^ Hans-Ulrich Wehler: German history of society. Volume 3: From the German double revolution to the beginning of the First World War. 1849-1914. CH Beck, 1995, p. 438.
  7. ↑ Marx-Engels Complete Edition . Division II. Volume 2, pp. 197-245.
  8. ^ Marx-Engels works . Volume 13, pp. 223-268.
  9. ↑ Wehler, Volume 3, p. 259.
  10. ^ Wilhelm Ribhegge: Prussia in the west. Struggle for parliamentarism in Rhineland and Westphalia. Münster 2008 (special edition for the State Center for Political Education North Rhine-Westphalia) p. 223.
  11. ^ Hans-Jürgen Mende: Lexicon of Berlin burial places . Pharus-Plan, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-86514-206-1 , pp. 212, 241.

literature

  • Werner Blumenberg : Marx 'and Engels' correspondence with Franz Duncker. In: International Revue of Social History. Volume 10, Assen, 1965, pp. 105-119.
  • Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume I: Politicians. Sub-Volume 1: A-E. Heidelberg 1996, p. 227.
  • Franz Mehring : Franz Duncker. A memorial sheet. Gutenberg Printing and Publishing, Berlin 1888.
  • Gerhard Eisfeld: The emergence of the liberal parties in Germany 1858-1870. Study on the organizations and programs of the Liberals and Democrats. (= Series of publications of the research institute of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. Series B: historical-political writings). Publishing house for literature and current affairs, Hannover 1969.
  • Eckhard Hansen, Florian Tennstedt (Eds.) U. a .: Biographical lexicon on the history of German social policy from 1871 to 1945 . Volume 1: Social politicians in the German Empire 1871 to 1918. Kassel University Press, Kassel 2010, ISBN 978-3-86219-038-6 , p. 36 ( online , PDF; 2.2 MB).
  • Ludwig Rosenberg , Bernhard Tacke : The way to the unified union . Edited by the DGB Federal Board. Printing: satz + druck gmbh, Düsseldorf 1977.
  • Jürgen Frölich : Franz Duncker (1822–1888). Berlin citizen, Prussian democrat and liberal union founder. In: liberal. Volume 30, 1988, H. 2, pp. 77-85.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Duncker, Franz
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Duncker, Franz Gustav (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German publisher, politician, MdR and social reformer
DATE OF BIRTH June 4, 1822
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH June 18, 1888
Place of death Berlin