Hellwegbörden

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Hellwegbörden are a landscape and natural spatial main unit on the south (east) edge of the Westphalian Bay in North Rhine-Westphalia , which extends along the old Hellweg cities of Dortmund , Unna , Werl , Soest , Geseke and Salzkotten to Paderborn , where the western roofing of the Egge Mountains is reached .

The Hellwegbörden are characterized by their mighty post-glacial loess soils . Its center is the Soester Börde , which is not a natural spatial unit, west of it the Werl-Unnaer Börde , east of it the Geseker Börde . In the northern connection to the North Sauerland Oberland , the hair strand is also included in the main unit. In terms of landscape, history and economic geography, the Hellwegbörden are neither part of the Sauerland nor the Münsterland . In terms of traffic geography and hydrogeography, the Hellwegbörden are characterized by a threefold axial structure in the west-east direction: by the Lippe (lowland) as the northern boundary, the Hellweg including railway lines ( Dortmund-Soest / Hamm-Warburg ) and A 44 as the central traffic axis and through the hair path on the hair strand in the extreme south. 48,378 hectares of Hellwegbörde were designated as a bird sanctuary in 2004 .

Location and limits

The Hellwegbörden stretch along the Hellweg via the old trading towns of Dortmund , Unna , Werl , Soest , Geseke and Salzkotten to Paderborn .

To the south-west of Dortmund, a branch of the natural area extends to Witten ( Ennepe-Ruhr district ), to the east of the (eastern) Ruhr metropolis, in the Unna district , there are also Kamen and Bergkamen to the north of the district town and, to the east, Bönen in the natural area, whose branches south-west of Unna Holzwickede to Schwerte reach. Here, the two bays of Witten ( Witten-Hörder Mulde ) and Schwerte (Schwerter Lößterrassen) , which adjoin the Ruhr Valley, are separated by the Ardey mountain basement horst , which, although to the right of the Ruhr, already belongs to the southern mountainous region .

To the north-east of the city and district of Unna, a (southern) part of the urban area of Hamm is occupied, east of the district of Unna large parts of the district of Soest :
south-west of Werl part of Wickede , north of Werl Welver ; northeast of Soest Bad Sassendorf , further east (from north to south) the south of Lippstadt and Erwitte and Anröchte ; further east is the north of Rüthens in the south and Geseke in the center of the main unit.

In the Paderborn district , the landscape finally narrows to the northeast via Salzkotten and Paderborn to the settlement areas of Bad Lippspringe and Schlangen , where it tapers into the junction between the Teutoburg Forest and the Egge Mountains.

Orographic boundaries

In a clockwise direction, the valleys of the following rivers roughly limit the Hellwegbörden orographically from the outside (clockwise, starting in the southeast):

Adjacent main units

In the west, the loess soils of the Hellwegbörden are continued in the natural spatial sub-units of the Westenhellweg and, to the north of it, the Emscherland . In the north, starting with the valley of the Lippe, the core and east Münsterland are connected .

To the east, behind the valley of the Alme, follows the Paderborn plateau as a western roof of the Egge Mountains - both parts of the Lower Saxony mountainous region .

In the south, behind the valley of Möhne and Ruhr, various parts of the southern mountain region join. In the eastern half this is done by the North Sauerland Oberland up to the Möhne estuary , and to the west of the center by the Lower Sauerland . The Ardey Mountains to the north of the Ruhr , which protrude into the landscape in the extreme southwest, are part of the Niederbergisch-Märkisch hill country .

Trade routes

To the south, parallel to the Hellweg, which runs from west to east and which is now followed by the B 1 , the historic Haarweg ran in the south of the landscape , which branched off from Hellweg in Werl and followed the ridge of the Haarstranges eastwards from here to Büren , over the valley of the Alme in the direction of Paderborn to flow back to the Hellweg. Today a section of the B 516 follows its western course up to and including the north of the Möhnsee .

Natural structure

The Hellwegbörden are structured as follows:

The "heartland" of the Hellwegbörden, seen in east-west direction, represents the Soest Börde , which also gave the main unit its name. While the term “Soester Börde” has always stood for a certain fertile landscape, the generalizing term Hellwegbörden has only been used since it was established in the handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany in the 1950s. In older geographical works and, last but not least, in older school books, the name “Soester Börde” is used instead, although this now outdated use of the term is historically misleading.

In geographical terms, the actual natural spatial division takes place in a south-north direction. This is followed within the Hellwegbörden by the Haarstrang, which is independent as a ridge and extends south to the valleys of Möhne and Ruhr , further north then the Oberbörden, sloping slightly more steeply to the north, and finally the flat undulating lower boars, one after the other, until finally the valley the Lippe is reached in the north and thus the neighboring main units of the core and east Münsterland .

The Hellweg lies between the two main landscapes of the Oberer and Unterer Hellweg , offset slightly to the south in the Upper Hellweg .

Upper Hellweg

With Upper Hellweg , also top Börden called, the southern, steeper inclined to the south part is called the heartland of Hellwegbörden. It extends in a south-north direction from the Haarstrang to the sub-bodies of the Untere Hellweg (see a section below), crossing the Hellweg just north.

The inner cities of Dortmund , Unna , Werl , Soest , Geseke , Salzkotten and Paderborn are located on the northern edge of the Upper Hellweg .

Starting from the central area of ​​the Soester Oberbörde near Soest, loess strength and fertility decrease to the east towards the Geseker Oberbörde near Geseke. This goes hand in hand with an increasingly continental climate.

To the west from the center it is first noticeable that the landscape narrows significantly via Werl to Unna to Werl-Unnaer Börde , which leads to a steeper slope of the terrain to the north with the same height differences. However, the fertility of the soil is largely preserved.

The extreme west of the landscape, the Dortmund Ridge , deviates significantly from the phenotype of the parts of the Oberbörden further east, as the name suggests. Due to the flat, undulating Witten-Hörder Mulde in the south of the ridge, which separates the Ardey Mountains that extend the hairline to the south, it has the character of an independent ridge. This is further promoted by the fact that the Dortmund Hellweg Valley, which adjoins the Lower Boerden immediately to the north, has a strong valley basin character. To the west, the ridge ends in downtown Dortmund ; the Emscher flows around it in the south and west .

Unterer Hellweg

With Lower Hellweg , also under Börden called the north of the will Hellweg located, flachwelligere part of Hellwegbörden referred. It connects directly to the north to the Oberbörden of the Oberer Hellweg (see a section higher); its eastern parts extend north to the valley of the lip .

The transition from the central Soest suburb to the Geseker suburb to the east is comparatively inconspicuous. Both lower regions flatten out quite gradually towards the north and are segmented by the valleys of the streams coming from Haarstrang and Oberbörden in the south.

It looks a little different to the west of the center:
the Kamener Flachwellenland , which extends the Soest Lower Boerde to the west, initially directs all streams coming from the Oberbörden over the Seseke to the west, around the heartland of the Kamener hill country to the north , to the west of which its water at Lünen the lip then flows in bundles.
To the west, the Flachwelleland runs out into the Derner Höhe , an isolated western foothill of the Kamen hill country in the north of Dortmund .

To the west of Lünern , an eastern district of Unna , the Dortmund Hellwegtal, which runs across the tributaries of the Seseke and its tributary Körnebach , pushes east between the Dortmund ridges in the south and the Kamener Flachwellenland in the north.

All in all, in the west to north-west of the Hellwegbörden in the Dortmunder Ridge , Derner Höhe and the core area of ​​the Kamener Heights, there are three flat, undulating and not very prominent , but orographically independent mountain ranges, which are separated from each other by the Kamener Flachwellenland and Dortmund Hellweg Valley.

Hellwegbörde bird sanctuary 

According to data from the LANUV, Hellwegbörde has internationally significant breeding populations of the Montagu's Harrier , Marsh Harrier and the Corn Crake . As a resting and transit area, the area is of particular importance for Mornell Ringed Plover , Golden Plover , Red Kite and Black Kite . Numerous other bird species in Annex I of the Birds Directive, as well as other threatened species, occur with varying frequencies and regularities. The bird sanctuary and the species are Kingfisher , Northern Shoveler , Common Teal , teal , Meadow Pipit , short-eared owl , eagle owl , little ringed plover , white stork , Harrier , Merlin , Peregrine Falcon , Hobby , red-backed shrike , shrike , wood lark , honey buzzard , Ruff , Spotted Crake , Water Rail , Whinchat , Little Grebe , Wood sandpiper , lapwing (species) and curlew off the Hellwegbörden are among the main resting places of the lapwing in Germany. Occasionally more than 20,000 lapwing can be found here during migration .

history

Already in the Stone Age (around 4000 BC) grain was grown here on the fertile, calcareous soil . The oldest trace of a Neolithic culture is the discovery of a pottery shard from the La Hoguette group , dating from the middle of the 6th millennium BC. BC.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  2. ^ E. Meynen and J. Schmithüsen : Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, 6th delivery, Remagen 1959 (a total of 9 deliveries in 8 books 1953–1962, updated map 1: 1,000,000 with main units 1960)
  3. ↑ a b c d Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 97 - Münster (Sofie Meisel 1960), sheet 98 - Detmold (Sofie Meisel 1959; west of the sheet), sheet 108/109 - Düsseldorf / Erkelenz (Karlheinz Paffen, Adolf Schüttler and Heinrich Müller-Miny 1963; minimal shares in the east of the sheet), sheet 110 - Arnsberg (Martin Bürgener 1969) and sheet 111 - Arolsen (Martin Bürgener 1963; minimal shares in the west) . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg.
  4. ↑ In the sheet Münster from 1960 was 342.3 , only the hair height out while the Southshore hair ran under 342.4. A more precise treatment of the southern hair, however, only took place in the Arnsberg sheet of 1969, where the southern hair is understood as part of the hair strand and the Witten-Hörder Mulde , which only marginally affects the Münster sheet, is recorded under 342.4 .
  5. ↑ Historically, the term Börde refers to the territory of the city of Soest, which is largely identical to the present-day communities of Soest (city), Bad Sassendorf and Welver .
  6. ↑ VSG Hellwegbörde
  7. ↑ Simon Delany, Derek Scott, Tim Dodman, David Stroud (Eds.): An Atlas of Wader Populations in Africa and Western Eurasia. Wetlands International , Wageningen 2009, ISBN 978-90-5882-047-1 , p. 132.

Web links

  • Natural area maps from the individual sheets 1: 200,000 of the Federal Institute for Regional Studies - all units starting with "542" are relevant here
    • Sheet 97 - Münster
    • Sheet 98 - Detmold (west of the sheet)
    • Sheet 108/109 - Düsseldorf / Erkelenz (east)
    • Sheet 110 - Arnsberg
    • Sheet 111 - Arolsen (west)