Soest Börde

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Soest Börde between Schwefe and Borgeln

The Soester Börde is a historical domain and a cultural landscape in the middle of Westphalia , between the Sauerland in the south and the Münsterland in the north. It is known nationwide as a particularly fertile region due to the great thickness of loess, which is only surpassed in terms of soil quality in Germany by the Magdeburg Börde .

Originally a Börde was a tax district. In this historical-administrative sense, the Soest Börde comprises the former territory of the city of Soest with the current municipalities of Soest , Bad Sassendorf and Welver . The upper flange in the south and low crimp in the north were faced with various overseers.

In the natural spatial sense, the Soest Börde is a fertile landscape that does not occupy exactly the same area as the aforementioned administrative area. In turn, the sub- landscapes Soester Oberbörde and Soester Unterbörde can be distinguished, which are assigned to different areas. The border between the steeper Oberbörde in the south and the more gently undulating Niederbörde in the north runs just north of the Hellweg . The Soester Börde naturally belongs to the Hellwegbörden whose center it represents.

Historical term "Soester Börde"

Historically, the term Soest Börde refers to the rural area that was under the rule of the city of Soest from the late Middle Ages to the beginning of the 19th century. The term has been used since the 16th century. The historical Soest Börde covers approx. 235 km².

Oberbörde and Niederbörde

The historical Soest Börde is divided into the northern Niederbörde and the southern Oberbörde , which are headed by different bailiffs . The Niederbörde extends roughly from the Hellweg to the Ahse and is relatively humid due to numerous sources, while the Oberbörde on the northern slope of the Haarstrang is rather dry and stony.

Origin and decline of the Börde

The city of Soest acquired the Börde through purchase and pledging over the course of several centuries. As early as the 12th century, the city of Soest's jurisdiction over the Soest area was gradually developing . After the acquisition of the Free County of Rüdenberg west of the city in 1328, the purchase of the Free County of Heppen in the northeast in 1369 and finally the acquisition of the Southwestern Free County of Epsingsen in 1594, the territorial formation of the Soest Börde came to an end in the historical sense. At the latest in the course of the Soest feud , the go-judicial competence for the areas between Ahse and Lippe was apparently lost.

After the city council of Soest was dissolved by Frederick the Great in 1752 and replaced by an appointed magistrate, and after almost all of the city's rights were abolished by the Prussian regional court constitution in 1794, the city's last remaining rights over the Börde expired between 1807 and 1809 . As support of the local administration in developed Napoleonic time for a few years, the four mairies Borgeln , Lohne , sulfur, Soest within the department Ruhr associated Canton Soest.

Political structure of the Soest Börde since 1817

The villages of the Soest Börde have belonged to the Soest district as independent communities since the districts were established in Prussia in 1817 . In continuation of the administrative allocation established with the Mairien, they formed the offices of Borgeln - Schwefe (merged in 1930) and Lohne . With the municipal reform of 1969/1975 in North Rhine-Westphalia , the numerous, partly very small municipalities (the offices of Borgeln-Schwefe and Lohne comprised around 50 municipalities, some of which had less than a hundred inhabitants) became a few larger municipalities on July 1, 1969 merged. In contrast to the original plans, which only partially took into account the old territorial and denominational boundaries, the decision was made to create three communities whose area largely coincides with the historic Börde: the town of Soest , which has been expanded by 18 districts, and the two new rural communities Bad Sassendorf and Welver .

landscape

The Soest Börde is characterized by its fertile soil ( loess from the last ice age ). The former Hanseatic city of Soest is the center of the poorly forested region and gives the landscape its name. In terms of landscape and agriculture, the Börde is only the flat to slightly hilly region between the hairline and the lip, characterized by soil and climate .

The loess deposits between Unna in the west and Geseke in the east are up to 10 m thick in some areas, but are only a few meters thick in other places. The loess soils are particularly fertile. Mainly grain (e.g. wheat) is grown on it; They also provide a good basis for high-quality vegetables and sugar beet cultivation. Climatically, the Soest Börde is characterized by lower rainfall and slightly higher temperatures compared to the surrounding area.

Natural allocation

In terms of nature , the Soester Börde lies in the center of the main unit Hellwegbörden in the south of the Westphalian Bay . Since the heartland of the Hellwegbörden between the Haarstrang in the south and the Lippe Talung in the north is naturally divided in a north-south direction into the steeper upper and lower slopes gently sloping towards the Lippe , the historical area of ​​the Soester Börde is distributed accordingly over both regions -Natural areas as well as in peripheral areas to others.

Soester Oberbörde

With Soest upper flange the natural space part is landscape upper Börden , in turn, part of the Hellwegbörden , between the core urban area of Soest referred to and the hair strand.

North of the Hellweg, the Soester Oberbörde extends at the interface with the Soester Unterbörde (see below) to the districts of Ostönnerlinde , Enkesen , Paradiese and the core town as well as the core town of Bad Sassendorf and Lohne.

In the northeast, the landscape extends at the interface with the Geseker Unterbörde to the Erwitter districts of Schmerlecke and Seringhausen , which are not part of the historical Soester Börde, in the east and southeast the border runs east of Enkesen (in Klei) and Neuengeseke almost exactly along the municipal boundary Sassendorfs, although the district of Herringsen in the extreme southeast is left out.

The southern seam to the Haarstrang runs in the Soest area just south of the districts Bergede, Deiringsen, Meiningsen and Epsingsen and corresponds almost exactly to the southern border of the urban area, from the south of which only Lendringsen is barely included in the Haar.

The narrow southwest border to Werl-Unnaer Börde also runs, including Röllingsen and Ostönnen, close to that of the city.

Soest suburb

With Soest lower flange is the natural landscape spatial part of the sub Börden , in turn, part of the Hellwegbörden designated, the north and northwest to the Soest upper flange connecting (boundary line to the latter see a section above).

The Soester Unterbörde extends to the west beyond the area of ​​the historical Soester Börde and, in the northern neighborhood of Werl-Unnaer Börde, contains the northern Werl districts of Budberg , Hilbeck (here the narrow border to the Kamener Flachwellenland runs ) and Sönnern , with the core town only barely left out becomes.

At the northwestern junction to the Braamer Heights , part of the Kamen hill country , the northeastern district of Niederbergstraße is located next to Hilbeck and Sönnern on the Werler district . From here to the suburb of Oberbergstrasse, which adjoins it to the south , a narrow section of the natural area stretches in a north-south direction. Other peripheral locations at the interface to the Braamer Heights are in the Welver area, Scheidingen , Ehningsen and Borgeln . In the north of Soest , the border line follows the city limits almost exactly to the north of the Ellingsen district.

The northeast border to Geseker Unterbörde also follows the city limits from Ellingsen to the southeast via Thöningsen . In the extreme northeast, the landscape also includes the Bad Sassendorf district of Heppen .

More natural spaces

Most districts Welvers , particularly the nucleus, not in the Soest Börde lower, but on the for Kamen hills counted Braamer heights whose East they occupy almost complete.

Opposite this lies the north of Bad Sassendorf with Weslarn , Ostinghausen and Bettinghausen in the Geseker Unterbörde , which connects to the Soester Unterbörde to the northeast.

The district of Herringsen in the southeast of Sassendorf is located in the Geseker Oberbörde , while the sub-settlements of Herringser Höfe and Im Kamp , as well as the Soest district of Lendringsen , are located on Haarstrang .

See also

literature

  • Klaus Diekmann: The rule of the city of Soest over its Börde. Diss. Jur., Münster 1962.
  • Arnold Geck: Topographical-historical-statistical description of the city of Soest and the Soest Börde. Soest 1825. 430 pages.
  • Marga Koske : The stock exchange register from 1685. Soest 1960.
  • Marga Koske: History of the incorporated districts of Soest. In: Soester Zeitschrift 112, 2000, pp. 23-78.
  • Hermann Rothert: How the city of Soest acquired its territory, the Börde. In: Westfälische Zeitschrift 106, 1956, pp. 79–111.
  • Hans Weller: The self-government in the Soest district 1817–1974. A contribution to the history of supra-community self-government. Paderborn 1987.
  • Hartmut Witzig: The legal situation of the farmers in the Soester Börde from the 14th to the 18th century. Diss. Jur., Göttingen 1967.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The term Hellwegbörden has only been known since the handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany from the 1950s and extends the term Börde to the landscapes adjoining to the west and east.
  2. ^ A b Wolfgang Bockhorst: Soest and the Börde up to the Reformation . In: Soest. History of the city. 2. The world of the citizens - politics, society and culture in the late medieval Soest. Soest 1996, ISBN 3-87902-043-4 , pp. 153-171, here p. 154
  3. ^ Hermann Schmitz: Soest . Leipzig 1908, pp. 112-114
  4. ^ Marga Koske: History of the incorporated Soest districts . In: Soester Zeitschrift 112, 2000, pp. 23–78, here: p. 23
  5. ↑ See the classification of the city of Soest as a "forest poor city" in: Jürgen Hotzan: dtv-Atlas zur Stadt. From the first foundations to modern urban planning . Munich 1994, p. 150
  6. ↑ a b c d Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 97 - Münster (Sofie Meisel 1960) and sheet 110 - Arnsberg (Martin Bürgener 1969), Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg

Web links

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