Udorf
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Udorf
City of Marsberg
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| Height : | 283 m |
| Residents : | 206 (2017) |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1975 |
| Postal code : | 34431 |
| Area code : | 02993 |
 Aerial photo (2013)
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Udorf is a district of the city of Marsberg in the Hochsauerlandkreis in North Rhine-Westphalia .
geography
Udorf is located in the Orpe Valley on the Erlinghauser Platte in an approx. 300 m wide flat floodplain with meadows and fields between the towns of Canstein and Kohlgrund on the border with Hesse . The Orpe flows through the district . The Glockengrund nature reserve is located to the southwest of the district .
history
In 1106 Udorf was first mentioned as Urthorp in a deed of ownership of the Corvey monastery . Around 1166 Abbot Konrad von Marienmünster sold a farm in Udorf to Abbot Ufo von Flechtdorf . Abbot of Corvey Wedekind expressed to 1191, that a certain Hildebrand a courtyard in Urdorph have owned and that the Church of St. Peter in Eresburg wachszinsig was.
A separate chapel is mentioned as early as 1243 . In 1261/62 Adam von Aspe and the knight Appolonius, known as the Sviderichusen, donated various goods to the Bredelar monastery in Udorph . In 1302 the Aroldessen monastery also acquired property here. In 1336 part of the tithe went to the Lords of Canstein . In addition to these, the Counts of Waldeck also owned an official court in Udorf, to which all of their lands to the right of the Orpe belonged. This Waldeck property also later went to the Lords of Canstein as a fief , who continuously tried to extend their rights in this area. In the period from 1342 to 1648, i.e. H. Until the end of the Thirty Years' War , there were repeated disputes between the Cansteiners and Waldeckers about the fertile soils and rich forests around Udorf. In 1453 a rifle brotherhood was founded . In 1506, Udorf and various other villages were assigned to the Canstein lordship, as Waldeck gave up his judicial claims on the village in a contract. From 1538 to 1566 which took place Erbteilung the rule Canstein, after the marriage of Catherine of Canstein with Philip of mirrors . For the inhabitants of the village this meant that they had to pay taxes to different houses (Canstein or Spiegel) from farm to farm . In some cases, a change has been brought about through legal proceedings. In the Thirty Years' War the place was almost completely destroyed by Swedes who had been in Obermarsberg since 1646 . In 1656 Gerta the Boltin fell victim to the witch hunt .
From 1792 sole rule belonged to the Lords of Spiegel. The first school in Udorf is mentioned in 1820 . From 1826, Udorf, like the surrounding villages , was under the Marsberg mayor's office .
Around 1850, as a result of bad harvests and fires, a wave of emigration to America began . On April 30, 1856, a fire destroyed 25 houses and the school. In 1857 the school was rebuilt in the area of the church. As a result of the great need, a poor association was founded in 1862 with the neighboring communities of Canstein , Leitmar , Borntosten and Heddinghausen . On May 13, 1866, fifteen houses fell victim to another fire. On the occasion of this disaster, a syringe house was built in 1868 . In 1924 the shooting hall was built in-house.
At the time of National Socialism, the Jewish residents were also persecuted in Udorf. During the Second World War, the remaining Jews were deported and murdered.
On March 30, 1945, the first US tanks rolled through the village from Canstein. The next day Udorf was searched but not occupied. There were isolated thefts by US soldiers. German soldiers hiding in the village were taken away. In the following weeks the villagers supported German soldiers who were hiding from the US troops in the woods with food and clothing. There were repeated attacks by former foreign prisoners. In particular, cattle repeatedly disappeared from the pastures.
In the Second World War , 41 Udorfer died as soldiers, most of them on the Eastern Front .
In 1955 a new school was inaugurated. The two-tier elementary school fell victim to the school reform in North Rhine-Westphalia in 1957 and the village school in 1969 . The former school building is now used as a ballroom.
On January 1, 1975, with the regional reform in North Rhine-Westphalia , Udorf gave up its independence and became a district of Marsberg.
In 2006 the small village celebrated its 900th anniversary.
Change of border to Hessen
For several decades, the city of Marsberg has been striving to change the boundary with the city of Bad Arolsen . Some public and community facilities that are important for Udorf, such as parts of the Schützenhalle, the cemetery, the memorial, the sports field and the former youth home, now used for residential purposes, were located across the border in Hesse in the Waldeck-Frankenberg district . In 2009 a state treaty was signed between Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia on an area swap, which came into force on November 1st of the same year. As compensation for the properties falling to Udorf, Bad Arolsen received grassland areas.
politics
coat of arms
Blazon : “Split in silver (white) and red over a golden (yellow) hill, floating in it an eight-pointed black star; in front a golden (yellow) wave post covered with a ten-spoke black mill wheel and behind a golden (yellow) rooted birch with a silver (white) trunk. "
The coat of arms was never approved. One reason could be the violation of the heraldic color rule ; in addition, the coat of arms shows too many symbols ( herald image ). The wave pile stands for the Orpe , the water mill wheel for the Udorfer iron hammer, which was driven by a water mill. The birch is a tree typical of the area and at the same time indicates nature. The star is the star of the principality of Waldeck , to which large parts of the municipality used to belong.
Udorf hammer
As early as the 17th there was an iron hammer between Canstein and Udorf , which was abandoned in 1846. An oil and grain mill was built in its place and remained in operation until 1906. In that year, Baron Aloysius von Elverfeldt zu Langen converted it into the region's first power generation plant . The facility is now a listed building . Initially it worked with direct current and accumulators , later it produced alternating current until 1966 .
Nature reserves around Udorf
To the west and south of Udorf there are five nationally significant nature reserves (NSG). The importance is shown by the fact that all five have also been designated as fauna-flora-habitats (FFH) in the European system of protected areas according to Natura 2000 . All areas have been designated because they are home to rare and endangered animal and plant species. In addition, they were considered worthy of protection because of their scientific, geological and cultural-historical importance. The areas were designated by the district in 2008 with the Marsberg landscape plan and in 2004 by the EU.
To the northwest, west and southwest are the Hummelgrund nature reserve , the Glockengrund nature reserve and the Udorfer Mühle nature reserve . These three protected areas form the FFH area Glockengrund, Glockenücken and Hummelgrund . These areas are limestone grasslands . 64 Red List species were detected on the limestone grassland . Of these, 43 are plant species, 10 butterfly species, three snail species, two bird species and two reptile species. Examples are the three-tooth orchid (a species of orchid), the meadow cowslip , the cornflower , the German gentian , the red-backed killer , the blackcap , the sand lizard and the non-poisonous smooth snake . Large parts of the areas in these nature reserves were purchased by the NRW Foundation and the State of NRW. Most of the grasslands are tended by a shepherd from Udorf with his flock of sheep and goats. Other grassland areas are used by the shepherd as hay meadows and are re-grazed later in the year. Since the 1990s, the Association for Nature and Bird Protection in the Hochsauerlandkreis (VNV) and the Biological Station Hochsauerlandkreis in the NSG have also been taking care of them . In particular, blackthorn bushes and stick rashes were removed with a chainsaw and brush cutter .
On the road to Canstein there is the Schuberstein nature reserve on the right and the Kittenberg nature reserve on the left . Both together form the FFH area Kittenberg . These limestone beech forests with rocks have rare vegetation. Species like gray woodpecker , black woodpecker and red kite breed there .
church
A separate chapel is mentioned as early as 1243 . After the Reformation , a Lutheran chapel was built in 1616 , but as early as 1689 it was described as "ruinous". Another church was built in the same place after 1689. Udorf became Lutheran in the 18th century, but soon returned to Catholicism under the influence of Pastor Mast from Heddinghausen .
St. Joseph Church
Today's church, St. Joseph's Church, was consecrated in 1893. The chapel was built in neo-gothic built style and is one of bricks erected hall building . It was built instead of a dilapidated previous building. On October 17, 1929, it received a new bell to replace the one melted down during World War I. The new bell weighs 265 kg and bears the inscription “St. Joseph ora pro nobis ” ( “ Saint Joseph pray for us ” ). A new organ was installed in 1949. In 1970 the church was completely renovated; the closed Gothic interior was removed. Even the Gothic conversation Enge was the high altar removed, and the wooden side altars were lost. The carved communion bench was sawn up and used as an altar panel. The old glass windows of the chancel were preserved. When installing the tank for a heater, bones from earlier graves were discovered.
During a further renovation in 2003, the high altar and side altars were restored. Although they were preserved, they could no longer be saved due to poor storage and have been reproduced. A new way of the cross was purchased and the valuable stained glass windows were protected from the outside with clear glass.
The statue of the church patron Joseph of Nazareth is much older than the chapel. It probably comes from one of the previous churches. The brightly painted, 85 cm high plastic made of linden wood is considered an art treasure and probably comes from the paper workshop . Its creation is dated to the end of the 17th century.
Mary's Grotto
On July 7, 1935, the Udofer built the Mariengrotte on the Kittenberg. It was built on the highest point so that the Blessed Mother should hold her hands over the place protectively.
economy
Udorf is mainly characterized by its agricultural economic structure. About 60% of the usable area is arable land. To the south of the village, on the site of the former Udorfer Hammer , there is a fish farm that breeds brown and rainbow trout .
Culture, sights and special features
- The shooting club has existed since 1453 .
- There are several listed buildings in Udorf :
- The Catholic Church of St. Josef, a brick hall building from 1891,
- the "Stoffelhof" a built using half-timbered 17th century in 1802 half-timbered house ,
- a "courtyard", consisting of a quarry stone main house with an auxiliary building from 1849,
- the "Udorfer Mühle", a water mill .
Individual evidence
- ^ City of Marsberg: Demographic Development 1997–2017. In: City of Marsberg IKEK. Retrieved September 15, 2018 .
- ↑ Alexander Josef Freiherr von Elverfeldt : From the shameful vice of magic. Witch trials in the patrimonial court of Canstein in the second half of the 17th century , Canstein 2006
- ^ Hugo Cramer: The district of Brilon in the Second World War 1939-1945 . 1955, section Udorf, pp. 90-93.
- ^ Hugo Cramer: The district of Brilon in the Second World War 1939-1945 . 1955, honor roll section Udorf, pp. 230–231.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 332 .
literature
- Hugo Cramer: The district of Brilon in the Second World War 1939–1945 - reports from many employees from all over the district. Josefs-Druckerei, Bigge 1955.
- Stefan Kisteneich & Winfried Raffel: The poor pastures in the Glockengrund near Marsberg-Udorf, in: Sauerland - 35 (2002), pp. 160–162
- 100 years of St. Josef Chapel in Udorf , St. Josef Parish, Marsberg, 1993
Web links
Beringhausen | Borntosten | Bredelar | Canstein | Erlinghausen | Essentho | Giershagen | Heddinghausen | Helminghausen | Leitmar | Meerhof | Niedermarsberg | Obermarsberg | Oesdorf | Padberg | Udorf | Westheim