Essentho

Essentho City of Marsberg
Coordinates: 51 ° 28 ′ 53 ″  N , 8 ° 49 ′ 56 ″  E
Height :	421 m
Area :	12.22 km²
Residents :	1521  (2017)
Population density :	124 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	1st January 1975
Postal code :	34431
Area code :	02992
Aerial photo (2013)

Essentho is a district of the city of Marsberg in the Hochsauerlandkreis in North Rhine-Westphalia . The total area of ​​the Essentho district, with its own kindergarten and its own primary school until 2011, is 1222.20 hectares . In 2017 Essentho had around 1500 inhabitants.

history

Presumably, people were already settling near Essentho at the time of the Saxons, especially since numerous settlements soon sprang up near the Eresburg , the main fortress of the Saxons, not least because of the abundance of water. Affneti (= Essentho) appears in documentary records as early as the 9th century . The landowner is the Corvey monastery , which was able to assert its rights here until secularization in 1803.

Essentho was part of the duchy of Paderborn from the Middle Ages until 1802/03 , became Prussian , was part of the Kingdom of Westphalia for a short time and then became permanently part of Prussia in 1815.

Coat of arms of those of Essentho

A knight family under the name "de Esnethe" has been mentioned in history since around 1200. His property was a fiefdom of Corvey Abbey. The Essenthoer had to do manual and tensioning services and to deliver the tithe of the harvest. They did not own any land. A loan agreement from 1442 states that Essentho had survived the devastation with 24 houses.

Considerable witch hunts took place in the Marsberg area . 1648-1650 came from Essentho Cunne Cordes and one other person in a witch hunt . In September 1648, the inhabitants of the village requested the authorities to initiate a witch trial because of an inexplicable death of horses , otherwise they would have to resort to vigilante justice. The outcome of the proceedings remains unknown.

In 1693 the Count von Plettenberg zu Hovestadt took over the fiefdom. During the Seven Years' War from 1756 to 1763 the manor and the manor house were cremated by French troops. In 1764 Count Josef, Clement von Plettenberg signed a new feudal contract with the citizens of Essentho.

Since 1815 Essentho belonged to the Wünnenberg and Büren district . During the reorganization, which came into force on January 1, 1975, Essentho was separated from the Büren district and incorporated into the city of Marsberg. Marsberg was assigned to the Hochsauerlandkreis.

History from an ecclesiastical aspect

Jewish cemetery in Essentho

In the parish church, the “Osneti” branch is mentioned for the first time in a document from 1043 at the inauguration of the Magnuskirche on July 27th in Horhusen - now Marsberg. According to this document, Osneti also belonged to the Magnus Church as a branch. Essentho was already its own parish in the Middle Ages.

In 1250 the name of a pastor in Esente appears under a document, in 1344 a pastor at the Johanneskirche in Esenthe - pastor Helwich -, later the pastor of Niedermarsberg , who signed as pastor of Stadtberge and Essetho. At the end of the 17th century a chapel in honor of St. Anthony of Padua was built in Essentho and the first mass was celebrated in it on April 7, 1700, the Wednesday before Easter.

From 1709 Essentho was again its own parish. A spacious church was inaugurated on June 29, 1748 by the Paderborn auxiliary bishop Johann Christoph Franz von Crasz. In 1847 the foundation stone was laid for a better place of worship. Despite the great unrest in 1848, the congregation managed to build today's parish church and to celebrate the Holy Mass on December 30, 1848. Major renovations took place in 1909, 1934, 1970 and 1993.

In addition to the Christian cemetery, Essentho also has a Jewish cemetery . Essentho probably also had a synagogue from at least the mid-1830s until the beginning of the 20th century. It was probably located in the center of Essentho, where there is a barn next to the so-called "Judenhaus" (the former Silberberg inn). It can be assumed that it was also affected by the fire in 1892 and was only poorly repaired afterwards. There was probably no Jewish school in Essentho.

politics

coat of arms

Blazon : “Split into red and silver (white); in front silver (white), the chemical symbol for copper and behind a green, rooted linden tree; each under a horizontal ear, silver (white) in the front field and green in the rear field, the common stalk of which is stored above the split line. "

The municipal coat of arms was approved on April 6, 1966 by the interior minister of North Rhine-Westphalia. The chemical symbol is an indication of the copper deposits in the area. The linden tree is the Antonius linden tree, which reminds of Saint Anthony of Padua, in whose honor a chapel was built. The ears of corn indicate the predominantly agricultural structure of the place.

economy

Essentho was completely dependent on agriculture and cattle breeding for centuries until handicrafts and mining also contributed to the diet. The work in mining was primarily pursued in Marsberg, where copper mining has been documented since the Middle Ages . At the beginning of the 20th century, a new source of income was created by the sawmills. In the prime of the years, one of each Essentho family was employed in the sawmills or in the forest and thus earned a living. The farmers also soon recognized a source of sideline income and developed into the well-known timber hauliers. At around the same time, craft and trade revived in Essentho. B. shoemakers, wheelwright, joiners, blacksmiths, butchers and the like were found in the place. But many people from Essenthoer also moved elsewhere every morning to pursue occupations to earn a living. Around 1960, around 200 commuters left the village every morning .

This was to change in 1961 when the Ritzenhoff glass works opened in Essentho. 24 workers were hired. The workforce grew steadily, so that in 2000 about 400 people were employed.

Belgian NATO forces

As part of the European defense, a suitable place for a Belgian NATO barracks and a housing estate was sought in the local area . In 1962, the Federal Property Office struck gold in the municipality of Essentho and reached an agreement with the politicians. Both objects were built by 1968. The housing estate has been inhabited by around 1,200 people since 1968.

In 1993/94 there were major reductions in NATO units. Belgium also withdrew the 62nd Artillery Battalion from Essentho; with many words of thanks, a parade in the NATO barracks, an open day, a prayer for peace in the center of the village and then a march through the community. The stationing ended on June 29, 1994. The barracks was bought at the beginning of 1999 by an investor who converted the accommodation buildings into single-family houses and relocated businesses. The Baptist congregation of Lage uses a large part as a leisure and mission home. The housing estate was soon occupied by late repatriates ( Russian Germans ).

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  Housing estate of the Belgian NATO armed forces

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  Former barracks

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  Part of the housing estate

Protected areas at the village

The Niedernfeld nature reserve begins directly on the eastern edge of the village . The nature reserve Auf dem Bruch is located west of the village between the former Nato settlement and Ritzenhof.

Web links

Commons : Essentho  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Essentho-Online.de
• Heinrich Meyer: Essentho on marsberg.de

Individual evidence

1. ^ City of Marsberg: Demographic Development 1997–2017. In: City of Marsberg IKEK. Retrieved September 15, 2018 . 
2. ^ Rainer Decker: The persecution of witches in the Hochstift Paderborn , in: Westfälische Zeitschrift, magazine for patriotic history and antiquity , Volume 128, Münster 1978, pp. 315–356
3. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 332 .
4. ^ Wilhelm Cramer: The Synagogue Community Essentho . ( Memento of the original from March 9, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 2002 
5. ↑ Article of June 10, 2011 in: 'The West'