German fringed gentian

German fringed gentian
	German fringed gentian ( Gentianella germanica )
Systematics
	Asterids
	Euasterids I
Order :	Enzianartige (Gentianales)
Family :	Gentian Family (Gentianaceae)
Genre :	Wreath anian ( Gentianella )
Type :	German fringed gentian
Scientific name
	Gentianella germanica
	( Willd. ) Borner

The German Frans gentian ( Gentianella germanica ), better German wreath Enzian called, is a species of the genus gentianella ( Gentianella ) in the family of the Gentian family (Gentianaceae).

description

Flower buttons and open flowers from the side

Vegetative characteristics

The German fringed gentian is an annual or biennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 5 to 25, rarely up to 30 centimeters. The stem usually branches only in the upper area.

The leaves are arranged crosswise. The lower leaves are spatulate to obovate, towards the top they become ovate-lanceolate to pointed. The middle stem leaves are triangular-ovate with a pointed upper end and the widest in the lower quarter or, less often, the lower third.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from May to October. The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The chalice is about half the length of the corolla tube. The five green sepals are fused. The five calyx tips are the same length. The edge of the calyx lobes is slightly rolled back and rough to weakly lashed. The main nerve of the calyx lobes is rough. The indentations between the calyx tips are pointed. The five reddish-purple petals are fused. Ovary and capsule fruit are usually stalked about 6 (4 to 7.5) millimeters long.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36.

Habitus in the habitat on the Swabian Alb

ecology

From an ecological point of view, they are stem-plate flowers, the corolla tube of which is closed by a hair grille for crawling insects. The nectar is only accessible to long-nosed insects; on the other hand, a “break-in” by biting from the side is not uncommon. The flowering period extends from May to October.

The leaves contain the bitter substance gentianopicrin .

Occurrence

The German fringed gentian occurs in Central Europe and large parts of Western Europe and also Eastern Europe . He settled neglected grasslands , fens , meadows , mats , pastures and sheep pastures at altitudes up to 2600 meters. It thrives best on loamy, calcareous soils . It is a character species of the Mesobromion Association and is particularly popular in the Gentiano-Koelerietum in southwest Germany.

Systematics

It was first published in 1798 under the name ( Basionym ) Gentiana germanica by Karl Ludwig Willdenow . The new combination to Gentianella germanica (Willd.) Börner was published in 1912 by Carl Julius Bernhard Börner . Synonyms for Gentianella germanica (Willd.) Börner are: Gentiana obtusifolia Willd. , Gentiana polymorpha Wettst. subsp. polymorpha , Gentiana solstitialis Wettst. , Gentiana rhaetica A. Kern. & Jos.Kern. , Gentiana solstitialis Wettst. , Gentiana wettsteinii Murb. , Gentianella germanica (Willd.) EFWarb. , Gentianella pilosa (Wettst.) Á.Löve & D.Löve , Gentiana campestris subsp. germanica (Willd.) Murb. , Gentiana germanica subsp. kerneri (Dörfl. & Wettst.) Schinz & Thell. , Gentiana germanica subsp. rhaetica (A.Kern. & Jos.Kern.) Hayek , Gentiana germanica subsp. semleri Vollm. , Gentiana germanica subsp. solstitialis (Wettst.) Vollm. , Gentiana germanica Willd. subsp. germanica , Gentiana polymorpha subsp. germanica (Willd.) Dostál , Gentiana rhaetica A. Kern. & Jos.Kern. subsp. rhaetica , Gentiana rhaetica subsp. kerneri Wettst. , Gentianella germanica subsp. rhaetica (A.Kern. & Jos.Kern.) Holub , Gentianella germanica subsp. semleri (Vollm.) Holub , Gentianella germanica subsp. solstitialis (competition) Jovet & R.Vilm. , Gentianella germanica subsp. solstitialis (compet.) Holub .

Of Gentianella germanica there are about three subspecies:

Gentianella germanica (Willd.) Börner subsp. germanica : In the Allgäu Alps in Bavaria it rises on the western slope of the Deinenkopf up to an altitude of 1700 meters.
Gentianella germanica subsp. saxonica W.Hempel : It occurs in Germany in the Saxon hill country and was first described in 1981. According to Rothmaler 2005, however, like the subspecies Gentianella germanica subsp. solstitialis (competition) Jovet & R.Vilm. and Gentianella germanica subsp. semleri (Vollm.) Holub is not an independent subspecies, but belongs to Gentianella germanica subsp. germanica .
Raetian gentian ( Gentianella germanica . Subsp rhaetica . (A.Kern & Jos.Kern) Hayek. , Syn .: Gentiana germanica subsp. Rhaetica (A.Kern & Jos.Kern) Hayek.. ; Gentianella rhaetica (A.Kern &. Jos.Kern.) Á.Löve & D.Löve ): This by some authors from the subsp. germanica, a differentiated subspecies, occurs in Switzerland, especially in Graubünden .

supporting documents

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Gentianella germanica (Willd.) Börner, Deutscher Kranzian. In: FloraWeb.de.
^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 758-759 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Karol Marhold: Gentianaceae. 2011: Datasheet Gentianella germanica In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 348.
^ Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Volume 4: Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . 10th edition, Elsevier Verlag, Munich 2005. Page 525. ISBN 3-8274-1496-2
^ Konrad Lauber, Gerhart Wagner: Flora Helvetica. Flora of Switzerland. Verlag Paul Haupt, Bern, Stuttgart, Vienna, 1996, ISBN 3-258-05405-3 , p. 798.

literature

Bertram Münker: Wildflowers of Central Europe (= Steinbach's natural guide ). New, edit. Special edition. Mosaik, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-576-10563-8 .
Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .

Web links

Commons : Deutscher Fransenenzian ( Gentianella germanica ) - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Gentianella germanica agg., Species group German fringed gentian. In: FloraWeb.de.
Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
German fringed gentian . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
Gentiana germanica Willd. s. st. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved January 25, 2016.
Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ).

[FloraWeb-1] A ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Gentianella germanica (Willd.) Börner, Deutscher Kranzian. In: FloraWeb.de.

[Oberdorfer2001-2] Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 758-759 .

[Euro+Med-3] Karol Marhold: Gentianaceae. 2011: Datasheet Gentianella germanica In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

[Dörr-Lippert-4] Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 348.

[Rothmaler2005-5] Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Volume 4: Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . 10th edition, Elsevier Verlag, Munich 2005. Page 525. ISBN 3-8274-1496-2

[FloraHelvetica-6] Konrad Lauber, Gerhart Wagner: Flora Helvetica. Flora of Switzerland. Verlag Paul Haupt, Bern, Stuttgart, Vienna, 1996, ISBN 3-258-05405-3 , p. 798.