Wreath anians

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Wreath anians
Rough Kranzian (Gentianella aspera)

Rough Kranzian ( Gentianella aspera )

Systematics
Euasterids I
Order : Enzianartige (Gentianales)
Family : Gentian Family (Gentianaceae)
Tribe : Gentianeae
Sub tribus : Swertiinae
Genre : Wreath anians
Scientific name
Gentianella
Monk

The plant genus gentianella ( Gentianella ) belongs to the family of the Gentian family (Gentianaceae).

description

Illustration from Flora Antarctica , panel CXV by Gentianella magellanica

Vegetative characteristics

Gentianella species grow as annual or biennial or, more rarely, perennial herbaceous plants . The leaves are cross-opposite or, more rarely, whorled in basal leaf rosettes or distributed on the stem. The leaf blades are simple.

Generative characteristics

The flowers are terminally single or together in zymose inflorescences .

The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and four or five-fold with a double flower envelope . The four or five sepals are fused. In the calyx there is no connecting skin (in contrast to many Gentiana species ). The four or five petals are fused tubular or funnel-shaped. In contrast to many Gentiana species, there are no plicae between the corolla lobes, appendages or fringed scales at the base of the corolla. There are nectaries at the base of the corolla tube. There is only one circle with four or five stamens . The stamens are inserted on the corolla tube and do not protrude from the corolla tube. The stylus is short to absent. The scar is bilobed.

The bilobed capsule fruit contain many seeds. The seed surface is smooth to warty.

Systematics and distribution

Gentianella antarctica on Campbell Island
Chalice wreath ( Gentianella anisodonta )
German fringed gentian
( Gentianella germanica )
Bohemian gentian
( Gentianella praecox )
Delicate gentian ( Gentianella tenella )

Most Gentianella species are native to South America. There are also species in the temperate zones of New Zealand, Australia, Asia, Europe, North America and northwestern Africa.

The genus Gentianella was created in 1794 by Conrad Moench in Methodus Plantas Horti Botanici et Agri Marburgensis: a staminum situ describendi , p. 482 with the type species Gentianella tetrandra Moench. set up. The generic name Gentianella is a diminutive and simply translated directly means the "Little Gentian". Synonyms for Gentianella Moench are: Aliopsis Omer & Qaiser , Aloitis Raf. , Arctogentia Á.Löve , Chionogentias L.G.Adams , Parajaeschkea Burkill , Pitygentias Gilg , Selatium G.Don .

The genus Gentianella belongs to the subtribe Swertiinae from the tribe Gentianeae within the Gentianaceae family .

In the past, the wreaths ( Gentianella ) were added to the genus of the gentians ( Gentiana ), but these two genera now belong to different subtribes. The clearest distinguishing feature is that in all Gentianella species native to Central Europe there is a fringed and vascularized scale per corolla lobe in the throat of the corolla. This creates a kind of wreath (see name "Kranzenzian"). These gullet scales can also be missing in non-European species. The fringed gentian ( Gentianopsis ) with fringed crown lobes and the hair throat ( comastoma ) with also fringed but anatomically different throat scales were later separated from the wreaths.

There are (about 125 to) about 250 species in the genus Kranziane ( Gentianella ). Here is a selection:

swell

  • Ting-nung Ho, James S. Pringle: Gentianaceae. : Gentianella , p. 136 ff. - online with the same text as the printed work , Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 16: Gentianaceae through Boraginaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1995, ISBN 0-915279-33-9 . (Sections Description, Distribution and Systematics)
  • Entry on the Gentianaceae website.
  • Klaus Bernhard von Hagen, Joachim W. Kadereit: The phylogeny of Gentianella (Gentianaceae) and its colonization of the southern hemisphere as revealed by nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence variation , In: Organisms Diversity Evol. , 1 2001, pp. 61-79.
  • Lena Struwe, Joachim W. Kadereit, Jens Klackenberg, Siwert Nilsson, Mike Thiv, Klaus Bernhard von Hagen, Victor A. Albert: Systematics, character evolution, and biogeography of Gentianaceae, including a new tribal and subtribal classification. , Pp. 21–309, In: Lena Struwe, Victor A. Albert (editor): Gentianaceae: Systematics and Natural History , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Ting-nung Ho, James S. Pringle: Gentianaceae. : Gentianella , p. 136 ff. - online with the same text as the printed work , Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 16: Gentianaceae through Boraginaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1995, ISBN 0-915279-33-9 .
  2. ^ Gentianella at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  3. ^ A b c d Gentianella in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h Karol Marhold: Gentianaceae. 2011: Datasheet Gentianella In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Supplementary literature for European species

  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .

Web links

Commons : Kranzenziane ( Gentianella )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files