City merger

A city merger is a voluntary or enforced amalgamation of municipalities in which at least two cities are involved. It is to be clearly distinguished from the incorporation . No city mergers are alliances and amalgamations like Eurode or dual centers . Many city mergers are the result of territorial reform . A special form of city merger is that of the former twin city of Berlin after reunification.

It is referred to as incorporation if the new structure only bears the name of one of the participating municipalities, even if this municipality is not dominant in terms of its population, such as Herne (from Herne and Wanne-Eickel ), Herzogenrath (from Herzogenrath, Kohlscheid and Merkstein ) and Willich (from Anrath, Neersen, Schiefbahn and Willich).

In contrast to a city merger, a municipality merger occurs when not all of the municipalities involved have city ​​rights .

There are two types of naming:

• The new city is given a double name (double city).
• The new city gets a new name.

Examples in Germany

Double name

• Annaberg-Buchholz - 1949
• Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel - 1999
• Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler - 1969
• Bad Soden-Salmünster - 1974
• Barmen-Elberfeld - 1929 , renamed Wuppertal : 1930
• Belgern-Schildau - 2013
• Berlin-Cölln - 1710 , renamed Berlin :?
• Bitterfeld-Wolfen - 2007
• Clausthal-Zellerfeld - 1926
• Dessau-Roßlau - 2007
• Doberlug-Kirchhain - 1950
• Dornburg-Camburg - 2008
• Duisburg-Hamborn - 1929 , renamed Duisburg : 1935
• Ebersbach-Neugersdorf - 2011
• Eberswalde-Finow - 1970 , renamed Eberswalde : 1992
• Gelsenkirchen-Buer - 1928 , renamed Gelsenkirchen : 1930
• Gladbach-Rheydt - 1929 , separated again in 1933, merged again as Mönchengladbach : 1975
• Hohenstein-Ernstthal - 1898
• Idar-Oberstein - 1933
• Krefeld-Uerdingen am Rhein - 1929, dissolved in 1940, deletion of the part of the name Uerdingen am Rhein
• Lauda-Koenigshofen - 1975
• Leinefelde-Worbis - 2004
• Limbach-Oberfrohna - 1950
• Mörfelden-Walldorf - 1977, initially as Waldfelden
• Oranienbaum-Wörlitz - 2011
• Pausa-Mühltroff - 2011
• Remda-Teichel - 1997
• Rheda-Wiedenbrück - 1970
• Ribnitz-Damgarten - 1950
• Villingen-Schwenningen - 1972
• Waldshut-Tiengen - 1975
• Zella-Mehlis - 1919
• Zeulenroda drive - 2006

New name

• Albstadt from the cities of Ebingen and Tailfingen as well as two other municipalities - 1975
• Eisenhüttenstadt from the cities of Fürstenberg (Oder) and Stalinstadt - 1961
• Kraichtal from the cities of Gochsheim and Unteröwisheim as well as other communities - 1971
• Schwalmstadt from the cities of Treysa and Ziegenhain as well as other communities - 1970
• Steinfurt from the cities of Borghorst and Burgsteinfurt - 1975
• Wuppertal (until 1930 Barmen-Elberfeld) from the cities of Barmen , Cronenberg , Elberfeld , Ronsdorf and Vohwinkel and the municipality of Beyenburg - 1929

Mergers not carried out

• Böhmetal from the cities of Bad Fallingbostel and Walsrode as well as the municipality of Bomlitz (planned for 2011): A public survey in November 2008 in Bad Fallingbostel revealed a clear rejection of the merger by the citizens. The city council therefore decided on November 10, 2008 not to merge with the municipalities of Walsrode and Bomlitz.
• Erbach-Michelstadt from the cities of Erbach (Odenwald) and Michelstadt (planned for 2009): prevented by a referendum.
• Hubertusburg from the cities of Dahlen (Saxony) and Mutzschen as well as the municipality of Wermsdorf : The merger was rejected in a public survey on November 18, 2007 by 82% of the Dahlen residents who took part.
• Ruhr estuary cities from Duisburg , Oberhausen , Sterkrade , Mülheim an der Ruhr , Rheinhausen , Hamborn and Dinslaken were planned in the 1920s.
• Westerstedt from Tornesch and Uetersen (announced in 2006): failed at the end of 2007 due to various disagreements between the cities.
• Nuremberg / Fürth : In December 1921, the Fürth city council already approved the union. On January 22nd, 1922, the people of Fürth decided against it in a referendum.

Mergers carried out and then failed

• Glabotki (officially: Bottrop) from Gladbeck , Bottrop and Kirchhellen did not exist for quite a year in 1975.
• Lahn from Gießen , Wetzlar and 14 other communities existed from 1977 to 1979 for 31 months.

Mergers planned for the future

• Silberberg - Aue-Bad Schlema and Lößnitz (signed by the mayor in 2006, originally with Schneeberg )

Thought experiments

• Boeblingen - Sindelfingen
• Mannheim / Ludwigshafen or Ludwigshafen / Mannheim from Mannheim and Ludwigshafen am Rhein (already part of the Rhine-Neckar metropolitan region with Heidelberg )
• Aggertal from Rösrath , Overath and the north of Naafbachs located Lohmarer districts Wahlscheid , Honrath and Neuhonrath .
• Eschweiler / Stolberg or Stolberg / Eschweiler (also Eschberg , Stolweiler or Indetal ) from Eschweiler and Stolberg in the Aachen district (today the Aachen city region ) was never realized, but emerged as a thought experiment or in company names such as Licht- und Kraftwerke Eschweiler-Stolberg GmbH or Volksbank Stolberg-Eschweiler eG .
• Niederberg from Heiligenhaus , Velbert and Wülfrath as well as Langenberg and Neviges in the 1970s.
• Wuppertal / Solingen / Remscheid ( Bergisches Städtedreieck ) is a thought experiment of a “Bergisch super city”.

Examples outside of Germany

Belgium

• Knokke-Heist (French Knokke-Le Zoute)

China

• Wuhan from Wuchang, Hankou and Hanyang

Estonia

• Kohtla-Järve

France

• Charleville-Mezieres
• Clermont-Ferrand

Ghana

• Sekondi-Takoradi

Great Britain

• Lytham St Annes

Indonesia

• Bandar Lampung from Tanjungkarang and Teluk worship

Italy

• Apuania (1938) from Carrara , Massa and Montignoso , dissolved in 1946
• Corigliano-Rossano (2018) from Corigliano Calabro and Rossano
• Giarre - Riposto (1939), Jonia from 1942 , dissolved in 1945
• Imperia (1923) from the cities of Oneglia and Porto Maurizio and nine other municipalities
• Lamezia Terme (1968) from Nicastro, Sambiase and Sant'Eufemia Lamezia
• Verbania (1939) from Intra and Pallanza
• Vittorio Veneto (1866) from Ceneda and Serravalle

Netherlands

Note: There is no official distinction in the Netherlands between municipalities and those with the addition of a city .

• Genuine Susteren
• Gulpen-Wittem
• Landgraaf
• Sittard Geleen

Poland

• Bielsko-Biała , 1951 from Bielsko in Silesia and Biała in Lesser Poland
• Boguszów-Gorce , 1973 from Boguszów, Gorce, Kuźnice Świdnickie and Stary Lesieniec
• Czechowice-Dziedzice , 1940/1945 from Czechowice and Dziedzice
• Czerwionka-Leszczyny , 1992 from Czerwionka and Leszczyny
• Golub-Dobrzyń , 1941/1951
• Konstancin-Jeziorna , 1969 from Konstancin-Skolimów and Jeziorna
• Jelcz-Laskowice , 1987 from Jelcz and Laskowice Oławskie
• Kędzierzyn-Koźle , 1975 from Kędzierzyn, Koźle, Sławięcice and Kłodnica

Czech Republic

• Brandýs nad Labem-Stará Boleslav (Brandeis on the Elbe-Altbunzlau), 1960 from Brandýs nad Labem and Stará Boleslav
• Frýdek-Místek (Friedeck-Mistek), 1943 from Frýdek in Silesia and Místek in Moravia
• Veselí nad Lužnicí , 1943 from Veselí and Mezímostí

Hungary

• Budapest , 1873 from Buda , Óbuda and Pest

See also

• Double village

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Fürthwiki http://www.fuerthwiki.de/wiki/index.php?title=Eingemeichtung_F%C3%BCrths_nach_N%C3%BCrnberg
2. ↑ The way to the unit city on: staedtebund-silberberg.de, accessed on January 4, 2020.
3. ↑ Böblingen-Sindelfingen: Many would welcome twin cities. In: stuttgarter-nachrichten.de. September 27, 2011, accessed July 5, 2020 . 
4. ↑ Böblingen / Sindelfingen: Who still wants a city wedding? Fusion study is in the drawer. In: stuttgarter-zeitung.de. January 16, 2015, accessed July 5, 2020 . 
5. ↑ The Bergische Superstadt  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Westdeutsche Zeitung of November 30, 1999