Landgraaf
 flag |
 coat of arms |
| province |
.svg){kind=small} Limburg
|
| mayor | Raymond Vlecken ( CDA ) |
| Seat of the municipality | Landgraaf |
|
Area - land - water |
24.67 km 2 24.59 km 2 0.08 km 2 |
| CBS code | 0882 |
| Residents | 37,567 (Jan 31, 2019) |
| Population density | 1523 inhabitants / km 2 |
| Coordinates | 50 ° 54 ' N , 6 ° 2' E |
| Important traffic route |
 
|
| prefix | 045 |
| Postcodes | 6371-6374 |
| Website | Homepage of Landgraaf |
 |
|
Landgraaf ( ) is a municipality in the southeast of the Netherlands and is located in the province of Limburg . It has 37,567 inhabitants (as of January 31, 2019) and covers a total area of 24.67 km² , of which 0.08 km² is water.
Surname
The place name Landgraaf has nothing to do with a possible county or a family of counts. The name was chosen in 1981 for the community emerging from the three old communities ( Schaesberg , Ubach over Worms and Nieuwenhagen ), because a kilometer-long ring wall with a Landwehr , called "Landgraaf" (Landgraben) was proven in the community area. The origin and use of the trench are not known. Some suspect an origin from prehistoric times and refer to the urn finds in the vicinity. Others suspect that it was built in the Middle Ages, comparable to the Landwehr of the Duchy of Jülich and the Aachen Landgraben of the former Aachen Empire .
The area of today's municipality Landgraaf belonged in the Middle Ages to the Duchy of Brabant , who were enemies with the Jülichern for centuries.
history
The municipality of Landgraaf was created on January 1st, 1982 from a merger between the formerly independent municipalities of Nieuwenhagen, Ubach over Worms and Schaesberg . Other subordinate districts are Rimburg, Waubach, Abdissenbosch, Groenstraat and Leenhof. With urban planning means, a new quarter ( Op de Kamp ) with shops, offices, apartments, public and charitable institutions, schools, etc. was built between the old settlement cores. In addition to the social infrastructure, the supply infrastructure was also significantly upgraded. There is an industrial park in Abdissenbosch, as well as in Schaesberg ( Industrieterrein Strijthagen ). The latter is in close proximity to and to create replacement industries and therefore replacement jobs for the Oranje Nassau 1 , Schaesberg, Wilhelmina , Terwinselen, and Laura , Eygelshoven mines, which were closed in the late 1960s to the early 1970s .
Prehistoric urn fields and barrows in the vicinity of the moat indicate a Celtic settlement .
Settlement from Roman times is considered certain, because in Roman times the military road from Flanders, important for trade and the supply of Roman legions , ran via Tongeren - Heerlen - Cologne , the Via Belgica , through the area of today's municipality, where the Wurm was crossed near Rimburg.
Around 1100 various farms and hamlets are mentioned here in the medieval chronicle of the Rolduc monastery ( Annales Rodenses ). A lively pottery trade, which was important for the region at the time, is also documented in today's local area.
After the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, the district of Nieuwenhagen became part of the Republic of the United Netherlands .; the rest of the area belonged to the Spanish Netherlands as part of the Catholic partage of the "Landen van Overmaas " (right of the Maas) and came to the Austrian Netherlands in 1713 after the Peace of Utrecht .
In the 17th century, the later ruined Schaesberg Castle experienced its heyday. A century later, the region between the Rhine and Maas was suffering from bands of robbers. While the Schinderhannes was up to mischief further south , the so-called Bokkenrijders ( buck riders ) appeared in the border area between the Duchy of Jülich and the “Landen van Overmaas”. The former town centers of Rimburg, Waubach and Scheidt of today's Landgraaf were also affected. Bockreiter were imprisoned in Schaesberg Castle and the Dutch Bockreiter song is said to have been written here.
In 1792, for a short time, and again in 1794, the area was occupied by Napoleon's troops. The French municipal code was introduced around 1800. During this time the communities of Schaesberg, Ubach over Worms and Nieuwenhagen were established.
After the French occupation from 1794 to 1814 and the Congress of Vienna in 1815, most of today's Landgraaf came to the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the mayorry of Rimburg was divided. The area east of the worm came to Prussia , west of the worm to the Netherlands. Most of Rimburg's residents were Dutch, but the castle was Prussian. Both communities in Rimburg did not survive the 19th century. Between 1831 and 1839 Landgraaf belonged temporarily to the newly formed Kingdom of Belgium , which was striving for independence and which encompassed large parts of the former Spanish and Austrian Netherlands. From 1839 to 1867 the Dutch province of Limburg became a duchy and together with the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg a member of the German Confederation .
Coal mining began in 1895 and brought about an immigration of miners and administrative staff from home and abroad. For the miners, new residential areas were first built near the colliery. Over time, these merged with the existing agrarian village centers, in which facilities to meet the needs of the miners and their families were increasingly being built, including - as in most mining communities - a large number of restaurants. Nonetheless, the 1960s brought the mining crisis and, as a result, the state-imposed closure of all Dutch hard coal mines. The only colliery in today's municipal area, the "Oranje-Nassau II" mine, had to cease operations in 1971. And the closure of the Wilhelmina mines (not far from the aforementioned) in Kerkrade-Terwinselen as well as the mines in Eygelshoven, Brunssum and Heerlen, some of whose workforce lived in Landgraaf, ensured almost three of them despite considerable state intervention to create replacement jobs in subsequent industries Structural change that has been evident for decades and has brought about social and existential hardships.
Today the municipality of Landgraaf is a member of the special-purpose community Parkstad Limburg , with a heterogeneous commercial structure and a new perspective in the field of tourism and trade. Nature and culture, both of which are increasingly important quality features of Landgraaf, benefit in particular from the focus on tourism. In addition, the traffic infrastructure of the municipality has been improved enormously for several years, which has a very positive effect on road construction and on pedestrian and cycle paths.
History of the districts
The following table gives an overview of the population of the individual districts of Landgraaf (as of January 1, 2018):
| Official place name | Limburg place name | Residents |
|---|---|---|
| Schaesberg | D'r Sjeet | 16,025 |
| Nieuwenhagen | Nuijenhage | 9,345 |
| Ubach over Worms | Ubach over Worms | 12,235 |
(Source: CBS )
Ubach over Worms (Waubach)
Ubach (read: Übach) over Worms , the easternmost of the three town centers of Landgraaf, is a formerly independent municipality, consisting of the villages and hamlets Waubach, Rimburg, Groenstraat, Lauradorp (named after the mine "Laura & Vereiniging" zu Eygelshoven ) and Abdissenbosch. Until around 1800, these areas belonged to the German border town of Übach, east of the Wurm (see Übach-Palenberg ). In the course of the introduction of the French municipal system, the new community of Ubach over Worms was formed from the districts west of the Wurm ( Overworms Kwartier ). This also clarifies the place name. The new location had multiple cores and no dominant center. This remained so in part after the municipal administration in the Waubach district was established. While the districts of Waubach , Lauradorp and Groenstraat in particular became workers' settlements of the nearby Eygelshovener mines "Laura & Vereiniging" and "Julia" and have since developed an urban character, the district of Rimburg (including Broekhuizen), on the other hand, has its idyllic despite some settlement expansion , can largely preserve rural character.
Nieuwenhagen
The district of Nieuwenhagen was created around the year 1000.
Nieuwenhagen (Limburgish: Nuienhage ) borders in the west on the Brunssumer Heide , which is now a nature reserve and local recreation area and arose from an ice age dune landscape and Meuse sediments. Today it shows the typical vegetation of an Atlantic heather.
The name is first documented for 1213 but does not refer to a village or an estate but to a person in the entourage of Count Lothar von Hochstaden . After the Eighty Years' War , Nieuwenhagen, unlike the surrounding villages, belonged to the Republic of the United Netherlands, the so-called Generalitätslanden . It formed a dependent state enclave within the Spanish-Habsburg rule. A strategically important supply axis ran from Heerlen between Maastricht and the Reich . This transit route is still preserved today as a Pasweg in Landgraaf. The listed Spaans Kerkje (small Spanish church) and the neighboring “Sjpaans Kentje” (Spanish corner) also remind of this era.
In 1802 the municipality of Niewenhagen was founded on the basis of a Napoleonic decree. Between 1830 and 1839, the municipality fell temporarily to Belgium, like the surrounding Limburg areas. During the Second World War , Landgraaf was occupied by Germans from May 1940 to September 1944. 1982 Nieuwenhagen went on in the new municipality Landgraaf.
Schaesberg
To Schaesberg (Limburgish: D'r Sjeet ): In 1571 the main building of Schaesberg Castle, which was built in the Maasland Baroque , was built on the Schaesberg area . Today the former seat of the Herren zu Schaesberg is a ruined castle, which before the destruction was comparable to the nearby Hoensbroek or Amstenrade Castle . Previous medieval settlement is not known. Two churches in Schaesberg date from the 17th century, of which the Leenderkapel is a center of devotion to Mary . Noteworthy is the Leenhof miners' colony , which was built between 1914 and 1918 as accommodation for the workers of the Oranje Nassau II colliery and is unique for the Netherlands because the builders designed it in the Lorraine style .
The Heerlen-Schaesberg-Kerkrade-Simpelveld railway was also created as a result of mining. Her nickname Miljoenenlijn testifies to the exorbitant costs of this project at the time of up to one million guilders per train kilometer. The line was used for freight and (from 1934) passenger traffic. Mainly coal was transported to the Meuse in Maastricht and the ports on the Julianakanal .
Economy and geography
Landgraaf is located north of Kerkrade , east of Heerlen and southeast of Brunssum on the German border with Übach-Palenberg and Geilenkirchen ( Teveren district ) and is about 20 km from Aachen . The district of Rimburg is located on the Wurm , which is the border river from Herzogenrath to here.
Landgraaf is located in the former Limburg district ('Kempens Bekken') and was shaped by hard coal mining, although there was only one mine in the Schaesberg district. This resulted in numerous mining settlements and other settlements which, apart from the newly built center, have a major impact on the character of the settlement.
In the first half of the 20th century, the region around Kerkrade , Heerlen , Hoensbroek , Brunssum , Eygelshoven and Schaesberg became the center of Dutch coal mining. The region was also called "Oostelijke Mijnstreek" (there was also a "Westelijke Mijnstreek", which was formed by the municipalities of Beek , Schinnen , Stein and the then independent municipality of Geleen ).
After the collapse of this branch of the economy ( colliery ), other sources of income were sought and found (tourism and entertainment, consumer goods production, trade and transport / logistics).
traffic
Route connections
| Train type | Line course | frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Arriva Sneltrein RE 18 ( LIMAX ) | Maastricht - Meerssen - Valkenburg - Heerlen - Landgraaf - Eygelshoven market - Herzogenrath - Aachen West - Aachen main station | hourly |
| Arriva Stoptrein RS15 | Kerkrade Centrum - Chevremont - Eygelshoven - Landgraaf - Heerlen De Kissel - Heerlen - Hoensbroek - Nuth - Schinnen - Spaubeek - Geleen Oost - Sittard | every half hour |
The community has a train station on the Heerlen - Kerkrade line ( million line ), where local trains commute between Heerlen and Kerkrade. In addition, the single-lane route from Heerlen to Germany ( Sittard – Herzogenrath railway ) branches off directly at the station . On some summer weekends you can take part in excursions on the historic steam train of the Zuid-Limburgse Stoomtrein Maatschappij , based in Simpelveld, between Simpelveld, Kerkrade and occasionally via Landgraaf to Heerlen.
The road network was expanded in the course of the merger and regional infrastructure projects and adapted to modern requirements. Landgraaf does not have a direct motorway connection. However, connections to Antwerp and Maastricht as well as Roermond, Eindhoven and the rest of the Netherlands can be reached via Heerlen. The N281 and A76 provide connections to the Dutch and German motorway networks .
Attractions
The Mondo Verde (a garden theme park), “Megaland” (with drive-in cinema, race track, concert area and much more), where the “ Pinkpop ” open air festival takes place every year at Whitsun , and “Snowworld” (an indoor ski center ) are of major tourist interest . This covered alpine ski hall was built on a mountain dump . Even competitions of the FIS ski and snowboard World Cup have already been contested there (especially parallel slalom ).
A 25 hectare park was built around Kasteel Strijthagen (built in 1674, now the venue and museum, some of which can be visited during the exhibitions). Gardens and small buildings from all over the world can be seen in it. This park, which is charmingly situated on the slope of a former mining dump, is called Mondo Verde (also spelled Monde Verde in German). There are also some restaurants here. The park was included in 2004/2005 as outstanding in the street of garden art between the Rhine and Maas . In autumn 2006, the privately operated park had to file for bankruptcy due to insufficient visitor numbers, but was able to reopen on April 1, 2007.
politics
Distribution of seats in the municipal council
Due to the declining population, the number of council seats was reduced by two in the local elections in 2006 and has been 25 since then. The local council has been formed as follows since 1981:
| Political party | Seats | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1981 a | 1986 | 1990 | 1994 | 1998 | 2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2014 | 2018 | |
| GBBL Ubach over Worms | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6th | 5 | 5 |
| GBBL Schaesberg | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 3 | 4th |
| GBBL Nieuwenhagen | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 3 | 4th |
| CDA | 9 | 7th | 6th | 4th | 5 | 7th | 4th | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| PvdA | 2 | 5 | 4th | 3 | 3 | 2 | 6th | 5 | 4th | 2 |
| SP | - | 0 | - | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4th | 2 |
| Ouderen Partij Landgraaf | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Lijst Wiel Heinrichs | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| VVD | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| GroenLinks | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| D66 | 1 | - | - | 3 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | 0 |
| Ouderen Politiek Actief | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Trots op Nederland | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Burger issues Landgraaf b | 3 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7th | 4th | 6th | - | - | - |
| Leefbaar Schaesberg c d | 5 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - |
| Leefbaar Nieuwenhagen e f | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Progressief Landgraaf g | - | - | - | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Vrouwenappèl Landgraaf | - | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - |
| Leefbaar Abdissenbosch 2000 h | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Lijst Rutjens | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Nieuw Landgraaf | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Lijst Beckers / Terpstra | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Sociaal Democrats | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Lijst Wils | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| total | 25th | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 25th | 25th | 25th | 25th |
College of Mayors and Aldermen
The councilors will be provided by the coalition parties CDA and Gezamenlijke Burger Belangen Landgraaf from 2018 to 2022 . Those were appointed at a local council meeting on May 15, 2018. The following people belong to the college:
| function | Surname | Political party | annotation |
|---|---|---|---|
| mayor | Raymond Vlecken | CDA | in office since October 1, 2010 |
| Alderman | Freed Janssen | Gezamenlijke Burger Belangen Landgraaf | - |
| Marlies Dreissen-Embrechts | CDA | - | |
| Christian Wilbach | Gezamenlijke Burger Belangen Landgraaf | - | |
| Alex Schiffelers | Gezamenlijke Burger Belangen Landgraaf | - | |
| Ramon Lucassen | CDA | - | |
| Community Secretary | Hans Rijvers | - | in office since September 2013 |
Sports
- KSV Simson Landgraaf ( wrestling )
- RKVV Rimburg ( soccer )
- RKVV Waubach (football - merged with RKVV Waubachse Boys)
- RKVV Waubachse Boys (football - merged with RKVV Waubach)
- UOW 02 (emerged from the merger of RKVV Waubach and RKVV Waubachse Boys)
- VV Schaesberg (soccer)
- VVV Schaesberg (women's football)
- RKSV Sylvia (soccer)
- SV Nieuwenhagen (soccer)
- PHDES Landgraaf ( gymnastics , gymnastics)
- VCL Landgraaf ( volleyball )
- BC Trilan ( badminton )
- NIMO Landgraaf (swimming)
- GV Olympia (gymnastics, gymnastics )
- Discovery Mountain Bike Club ( cycling )
- JBC Streepkruis ( Boules )
- TTV Succes (table tennis)
- Shihi-Hai Limburg (Martial Arts: Aikido )
- Kan-Ku Landgraaf (Martial Arts: Karate )
- Landgraaf Alpine Club (climbing, hiking, skiing)
- HSV Strijthagen (fishing)
- HV BDC 90 Landgraaf ( handball )
Local bilingual press
The city of Landgraaf is supplied with bilingual, cross-border local reporting from the city gazette “genial-nah” in the sense of the city partnership.
Personalities
Only a few well-known personalities come from Landgraaf or lived and worked here for some time.
One of the few, the author Frans Erens , a member of the group of authors and artists Moving van Tachtig , describes his youth in Schaesberg (Landgraaf) in the autobiographical novel Vervlogen jaren (published 1938).
“Op een afstand van ongeveer vijf minutes ten Noorden van ons huis liep de zoogenaamde Landgraaf, waarvan ik nog vele stukken heb kend. Dit was a gracht, graven by human hands, the diep en breed was. Het people zeide, dat zij was graven door Napoleon. Men schreef den Keizer all sorts of things toe, waarvan men den oorsprong niet kende, maar de Landgraaf was veel ouder dan de Napoleonstijd, the mijn grootouders zelf hadden meegemaakt. Naar mijne meening state het vast, dat hij door de Romeinen is dead. Zou hij een restant zijn geweest van een Romeinsch legerkamp? De naam van de plaats, waar zij woonden, zou he aan doen, want ons huis is called “Huis de Kamp”. In the Landgraaf speelde ik vaak as a child. Ik vond het prettig daarin naar beneden te loopen en te roll en dan weer op te climb slowly the edge, waarop here en daar boom were planned. "
Born in Landgraaf
- Frans Erens (1857–1935), poet, author and literary critic
- Ger Lataster (1920–2012), painter
Died in Landgraaf
- Aad de Haas (1920–1972), painter and graphic artist, lived and worked at Kasteel Strijthagen for the last two decades before his death .
literature
- Frans Erens, Vervlogen jaren ; 6th edition, Amsterdam 1989.
- PJ Schatten, Uit Schaesbergs verleden en heden: historical aantekenigen verzameld from 1910; transcript by Emile Ramakers. Maastricht 1977.
- Frans Erens over Limburg: Schetsen, herinneringen, Vertellingen, Beschouwingen / Edited by Harry GM Prick; with the collaboration of Jan Notten and Lou Spronck. Valkenburg aan de Geul, Comité Herdenking Frans Erens, 1985. (published on the occasion of the celebrations for the fiftieth anniversary of the author's death on December 13, 1985.)
- W. van Mulken, Inventory van de archieven of the Schaesberg community, 1676–1910 . Maastricht 1993.
- Jo Odekerken, D'r Sjeet: van de bruk to aan 't Iksjke, vreuger en hüj . Landgraaf, 2002. Ken Landgraaf , Volume 6.
- Jo Schiffelers; Jo Odekerken, Everything about d'r Sjeet by twieë Sjeeterjongen . [Landgraaf], Association for Local Studies Landgraaf OCGL, 2005.
- Marjon Meijer, 25 campers over Landgraaf . Landgraaf 2007 (published on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the Landgraaf municipality.)
- JW v. Venrooy and HSMJ Brouwer: De Landgraaf. Bijdrage tot de Geschiedenis van de Landgraaf , o. O. [1982, 92 p.] On the Landwehr
Web links
- Website of the municipality of Landgraaf (Dutch, German, English)
- Tourist board website (Dutch)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand . In: StatLine . Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (Dutch)
- ↑ Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2018 Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek , accessed on August 1, 2018 (Dutch)
- ↑ comparable with the Lüneburg Heath .
- ↑ aachener-zeitung.de December 12, 2012: Always new damage: The mining industry is catching up with Parkstad
- ↑ www.zlsm.nl (Zuid-Limburgse Stoomtrein Maatschappijm 6369 Simpelveld) , museum.bahnen-und-busse.de .
- ↑ Result of the local elections: 2014 2018 , accessed on August 1, 2018 (Dutch)
- ↑ Allocation of seats in the municipal council: 1981–2002 2006 2010 2014 2018 , accessed on August 1, 2018 (Dutch)
- ^ Nieuw college B en W. In: Gemeente Landgraaf. May 16, 2018, accessed August 1, 2018 (Dutch).
- ↑ Samenstelling Gemeente Landgraaf, accessed on August 1, 2018 (Dutch)
- ↑ Vlecken used as a burgemeester Landgraaf. In: L1. August 26, 2010, accessed August 1, 2018 (Dutch).
- ↑ Stadtanzeiger ingeniously close
Beek | Beekdaelen | Beesel | Mountains | Brunssum | Echt-Susteren | Eijsden-Margraten | Gennep | Gulpen-Wittem | Heerlen | Horst aan de Maas | Kerkrade | Landgraaf | Leudal | Maasgouw | Maastricht | Meerssen | Mook en Middelaar | Nederweert | Peel en Maas | Roerdalen | Roermond | Simpelveld | Sittard Geleen | Stone | Vaals | Valkenburg aan de Geul | Venlo | Venray | Voerendaal | Weert