Fédération Internationale de Ski

Fédération Internationale de Ski
Founded	1924
Place of establishment	Chamonix-Mont-Blanc , France
president	Johan Eliasch
societies	132 (as of 2018)
Association headquarters	Oberhofen am Thunersee , Switzerland
Official languages)	English , French , German and Russian
Homepage	www.fis-ski.com

The Fédération Internationale de Ski ( FIS for short ) is the international ski association. The association is based in Oberhofen on Lake Thun in Switzerland . The abbreviation FIS is used in all languages. The FIS is responsible for both popular and top-class sport, for example it issues the FIS rules for behavior on ski slopes.

There are currently 132 member associations affiliated (as of 2018) .

history

Skiing in 1917

Ski jumping in 1943

Cross-country skiing in 2006 (Virpi Kuitunen)

FIS World Cup crystal ball

Foundation and the first years

The founding of the predecessor association CIS (International Ski Commission) was decided on February 18, 1910 in Christiania (NOR) by delegates from ten countries. One year later, in March 1911, the first internationally valid set of rules was adopted.

• On February 2, 1924 in Chamonix as part of the "International Winter Sports Week", which was later to be recognized as the 1st Olympic Winter Games , 36 delegates from 14 countries decided to found the FIS, which replaced the CIS.

• Initially, the FIS was only responsible for Nordic skiing. After the Scandinavian countries had given up their resistance, it was decided at the 11th FIS Congress (February 24-26, 1930 in Oslo ) to include alpine skiing ( downhill , slalom and alpine combination ) in the rules, on application Great Britain , in which the British ski pioneer Arnold Lunn, as co-founder of the Arlberg-Kandahar races, played a major role. The simple sentence "Downhill and slalom races can be organized" was written into the rules - a sentence that was to change skiing in the long term.

• 1932: A proposal for European championships was postponed unanimously.

The rules for downhill and slalom have been adapted.
Australia became a FIS member.

• In 1933 the first complete FIS world fights took place in Innsbruck, which can therefore be considered the 1st world championship.

• 1936: Arranging the World Championships: the first to take place in Chamonix next year.

Statutes will be adapted for the new downhill / slalom committee.

• In 1938, ski flying , a variation of ski jumping, was recognized as a discipline, but rules were not worked out until after the Second World War .

The post-war years

• 1946: In addition to the cancellation of the 1941 World Championships, three new technical committees were set up: cross-country skiing (with the Swede Sigge Bergman (born July 5, 1931 in Luleå - died January 6, 2001 in Rättvik )) and ski jumping (with the Chairman Sigmund Ruud from Norway) and »women« (chairwoman: Elsa Roth , Switzerland).

On September 15, 1946, Austria was re-admitted to the FIS.

• 1949: The Swiss Marc Hodler became chairman of the downhill slalom committee, which was previously led by Sir Arnold Lunn .

• 1951: The Nordic women's ski competitions were included in the 1952 Winter Olympics.

The development of ski flying should be monitored.
Marc Hodler became the new FIS President.

• 1953: Immediately after the opening on the afternoon of May 27th, the membership applications from New Zealand and Pakistan as well as the Saarland Skiers and Mountaineers Association were approved. On the other hand, Colombia's application was postponed until the necessary documents were submitted.

New rules for the world championships have been drawn up and annual conferences have been introduced for the creation of the calendar for international championships. Accordingly, there were subdivisions into a) World Ski Championships and Olympic Games, b) international competitions that are held on the FIS calendar, c) regional competitions in which runners from several countries take part (e.g. Scandinavian races, flat country races, Alpine country races), d) competitions with foreign participation, d. H. national races of a small kind, in which individual foreigners take part. - The FIS regulations were binding for points a) and b), in principle also for c), but the national federations were allowed to make minor changes in the interests of simplification. For the last point, the implementation permit was given according to the regulations of the organizing association, this had to be clearly stated in the invitations.
With regard to ski jumping, it was decided that there are only two rounds at world championships, and the approach could not be changed if a jumper reached the critical point.
For the Nordic combination, a commission of experts was appointed for the spreadsheets on the basis of a request from Finland, the alpine combination should also be re-studied, but the 1954 World Championships should still be carried out according to the previous ratings. Instead of the 18-km cross-country skiing, the 15-km cross-country skiing was sanctioned, based on the Scandinavian tradition, it should now be 15, 30 and 50 km.
There were also improvements in the alpine area, especially to increase the safety of the racing drivers. In the slalom, it was specified that in future the line between the pole locations when going through the gates of the ski from the tip to behind the binding.
It was also decided that the number of FIS committees should not exceed ten.
The program of international competitions was expanded to include 3 × 5 km women’s cross-country skiing and Alpine Combination was re-included in the program.
There were several new elections, with Marc Hodler being re-elected as President and Arnold Kaech as General Secretary by acclamation.
On the fringes of the congress, delegations from the associations that are particularly involved in alpine racing spoke about reducing the number of international events, with Austria calling for a larger number of races, citing the importance of its skiing.
Already in the run-up to the congress there had been fears from Germany (Garmisch-Partenkirchen figured as a candidate) because of the Olympic candidacy in 1960 that Austria might use the opportunity of the congress in Innsbruck to create a good starting position. In addition, President Marc Hodler immediately announced that there had been no discussions in this regard, the FIS also had no influence on the place of implementation, because the IOC was responsible for this. And ultimately the FIS has no intention of getting involved in negotiations on this matter. That would only happen if the technically flawless execution of the ski competitions was not guaranteed.

• 1955: At the 20th FIS Congress in Montreux , the Alpine and Nordic World Ski Championships were awarded to Bad Gastein and Lahti and the ski program for the 1956 Winter Olympics was established. In addition, there was an amendment to the amateur regulations, according to which “no racer is qualified for races who agrees or does not protest when his name, title or photograph is used in advertisements or in any form of publicity for advertising sporting goods. This provision applies regardless of whether the runner derives material benefit from the publication in return or not ».

In addition, Zeno Colò was invited to provide evidence of his amateur status by September 1st. Stein Eriksen and Lucienne Schmith-Couttet were informed of their disqualification in writing. Even Christian Pravda remained blocked because he could not convince the FIS that his disqualification is done wrongly.

• 1957: At the congress in Dubrovnik (May 30th to June 14th) a "seed list" was introduced in alpine skiing, the order was determined according to the successes achieved in the races.

A commission was proposed to study the advantages and disadvantages of cross-country skiing competitions at high altitudes (1,000 m and above).
The »FIS Bulletin« appeared for the first time.
The International Olympic Committee will henceforth pay attention to the reports of the international associations when inspecting the venues before the city where the Games are organized is named.

• 1959: At the 22nd FIS Congress in Stockholm from June 10th to 13th, the sad events of last winter (deaths of John Semmellink and Toni Mark ) were reacted to with stricter safety rules for downhill races . One of the measures was the establishment of an official training session, which should give the racers the opportunity to race the entire route at least once. This arrangement was first used on January 8, 1960, before the Lauberhorn descent, which took place one day later.

The electrical timing has been adapted for cross-country skiing.
Women's 5km cross-country skiing was included in the 1962 World Championships.
There was a new classification for Nordic Combined.
Deletion of the " Toni Sailer case " from the agenda, as Sailer had announced his decision to withdraw from active skiing (this made questions about his amateur characteristics, which were mainly related to his film career, obsolete). In addition, without naming specific names, there was a fundamental decision by 45 votes against 18 to award the 1962 World Championships to two cities.
Marc Hodler was re-elected President.

• 1961: New types of classification for Nordic and Alpine combined were adapted.

It was decided that the ski jumping competitions at the Nordic World Championships would be organized with 2 jumps (70 and 90 m) from 1962.
Non-amateurs are excluded from the Olympic Games: "Olympic participants must have a civilian profession".
The cooperation with the departments for sports medicine and physiology on an international level has been strengthened.
For each competition on the international calendar, a fee of 150 Swiss francs has to be paid.
The Swiss Arnold Kaech replaced the Swede Sigge Bergmann as FIS General Secretary.

• 1963: The first World Ski Championships at a location in the southern hemisphere, Portillo de Chile, were awarded. The 1962 Alpine World Championships in Chamonix were officially recognized. Oslo was entrusted with the implementation of the Nordic World Ski Championships in 1966, whereby the additional decision was made to only award world championships in the Nordic area to locations below 1,500 m above sea level.
  The cost of the FIS budget from 1963 to 1965 was estimated at 155,400 Swiss francs.
  Marc Hodler was confirmed in his office as was General Secretary Sigge Bergmann from Sweden; there were three new delegates on the board of directors. Mamaia was designated as the congress venue in 1964 (it was correct in 1965), and Cyprus and Outer Mongolia were accepted as new members.

• In 1965 the FIS recognized speed skiing and passed corresponding rules. Furthermore, the Olympic Winter Games in 1924 were subsequently recognized as the 1st World Championships.

1967: The FIS took over the just installed Alpine Ski World Cup

• In 1967 in Beirut (May 16 to 21) was the acquisition of the Alpine World Cup by the French sports newspaper L'Equipe and Serge Lang , the president of Association Internationale des Journalistes de Ski (AIJS), and the introduction of rules of conduct for skiers decided . A source of money that was already recognized at the time was tapped: "TV rights for the world championships will be the exclusive property of FIS, which will negotiate directly with the TV companies". The Congress also stated that the FIS is responsible for all types of skiing in which one moves through the interplay of muscle and gravity and which is carried out on the ground or any other type of natural or artificial surface.

Resolutions were also passed with regard to the alpine skiing competitions at the 1968 Winter Olympics: it was determined that the timekeeping must be accurate to a thousandth of a second, and the program sequence was subsequently determined.
In addition, the World Ski Championships for 1970 were awarded in both the Alpine ( Val Gardena ) and Nordic ( Vysoké Tatry ) areas.
It was decided to use feminine controls.
Finally, on May 21, Marc Hodler and his deputy Sigge Bergman were re-elected by acclamation.
The fact that the press was still not allowed to attend this congress was a bit peculiar, so that only messages from representatives of the ski associations or official bulletins provided information about the progress.

• 1968: Total revision of the statutes.

The national federations took control of the relationship between athletes and manufacturers of sports equipment.

• In 1971 it was decided to introduce ski flying world championships , with Planica in 1972 and Oberstdorf in 1973 as the first organizer locations; thereafter these championships should only take place every two years.

The 1974 Nordic and Alpine World Ski Championships were also awarded to Falun (Sweden) and St. Moritz (Switzerland).

Furthermore, there were adjustments to the guidelines of the International Olympic Committee with regard to the amateur regulations, although contrary to these (loss of earnings compensation to amateur athletes for training and competition for 60 days a year) 3½ months were set. Other important points of the FIS decisions: Skiers are not allowed to make any personal profit from their sporting activity (they are prohibited from providing names, pictures, successes, prizes and trophies for advertising purposes); Outfitters must be recognized by the national association and donations must be transferred to them; company inscriptions on skis are limited in size and equipment may not bear company or brand names.

The FIS Congress in Abazzia also decided to introduce the European Cup instead of the World Cup B competition; Furthermore, the so-called “host rule” (double the quota, maximum 20 starters) was restricted to the fact that this is only allowed for two races at the same location (there is no additional permit for more than two races). Eligibility for participation per nation was reduced from 50 to 40 FIS points per runner and from 70 to 60 FIS points for female runners; only smaller countries are allowed to provide 2 riders each, regardless of the FIS points. The ÖSV request that the women's teams in the alpine area at the Olympics should be increased from 6 to 8 was accepted subject to the approval of the IOC.
The requests to increase the starting fields per country and competition at World Championships and Olympic Games from 4 to 5 and to hold the women's giant slalom in two rounds were not accepted (for the latter it was said that attempts should only be made, but not in the World Cup; one A decision could be made at the next congress in 1973).
In the technical sector, it was stipulated that the slalom must contain at least two to three verticals and four hairpins (the distance between the gates at 75 cm and the width of the slalom gates at 4 to 5 meters) Carrying out alpine races should not be taken lightly as before (no Japanese was taken into account as course setter).
After 1976, candidacies for Olympic Winter Games and World Championships may only be considered if their cross-country skiing area is 1,650 m above sea level; In addition, from 1974 the women's relay will consist of four (no longer three) runners.

European Junior Alpine World Championships have been scheduled. The FIS budget for 1971 to 1973 was estimated at CHF 780,000.

• In 1973 the decision was made to give better bonuses to the all-rounders in the World Cup: racers who score points in two competitions (downhill plus giant slalom or downhill plus slalom) at a World Cup event on one weekend receive double the total number of points.

Another difficult point was the "notorious" section 26 of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the amateur section. For the time being, there had been a (tightened) declaration by the associations of Italy, France, Switzerland and the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), which had the aim of authorizing the national associations so that in the future they should decide for themselves whether one of their runners had the Olympic qualifications meet or not. After much deliberation, however, a modified proposal to the IOC was drawn up on the advice of President Marc Hodler.
The regulations on advertising labels have been made more precise: They must not exceed a height of 20 millimeters and crash helmets or headgear may not have any company logos on the outside.
Ultimately, President Hodler was re-elected by acclamation.

• In 1975 there was an improvement in the rules with regard to the parallel slalom, probably bearing in mind the allegations of manipulation at the men's World Cup final in March 1975.

Nomination of Garmisch-Partenkirchen for the Alpine and Lahti for the Nordic World Ski Championships.
Adaptation of new qualification rules to provide for a category of runners who cannot participate in the Olympic Games.
Coated racing suits were banned.
To be on the safe side, FIS President Marc Hodler stated that the approval of ski races should be monitored regularly for the constant increase in speed, which becomes excessive and makes falls uncontrollable. Current races, which are too straightforward, should be modified and made more technical to limit speed.
Gian Franco Kasper was suggested as a contact person for the FIS administration.

• In 1977 an equipment committee was entrusted with approving all innovations to strengthen security - a prohibited list was published, which should clarify the nature of the racing suits; Accordingly, the suits and also the clothing worn underneath for alpine runners and ski jumpers were not allowed to be plasticized inside or out and not treated with any chemical agents.

868 Alpine and 422 Nordic competitions appeared on the 1976/77 calendar.
Adaptation of a code of conduct for cross-country skiers, similar to that for alpine skiers.
The cross-country skiing world cup was provisionally recognized, but it was not until the 1981/82 season that it was officially held for the first time. This year the FIS was also responsible for freestyle skiing .

• Two years later, in 1979, the Ski Jumping World Cup was introduced, grass skiing and ski acrobatics were recognized as disciplines.

Wearing helmets became compulsory for ski jumpers. It was reported that ski jumping is practiced in 17 countries.
The Alpine Combination at the World Championships became a separate competition, which is carried out with special rules. Downhill and slalom are on the program of this competition. This formula replaces the previous one, which included the classification of the 3 at the World Championships.
The Nordic Junior World Championship replaces the European Championship.
Furthermore, the Nordic World Ski Championships were awarded to Oslo and the Alpine World Ski Championships to Schladming for 1982 .

• 1981: Presentation of a new giant slalom, which is longer, faster and is run in a single run: the "Super-G"; the women’s 20 km complete the Olympic program in cross-country skiing and the introduction of 4 new competitions that count for the world championships: team jumping, team competition in Nordic combined, free-style skiing for seniors and juniors
• In 1983 the decision was made to separate World Championships from Olympic Games and to hold them every two years. The Nordic combined also got a World Cup.

There was also the decision to "reamateurise" Hanni Wenzel (or it was said that the board had nothing against such a measure), while the similar "Causa Ingemar Stenmark " was passed on to the International Olympic Committee.
In addition, the Alpine and Nordic World Ski Championships in 1985 were awarded to Bormio and Seefeld, but also those for 1987 in Crans-Montana and Oberstdorf.

Details of the allocation of the World Ski Championships: Applicants were Briançon (FRA), Aspen (USA); Kranjska Gora (YUG = SLO), Jasna (ČSSR), Åre (SWE), Valtellina (ITA), Crans-Montana (SUI) and a Bulgarian station; on May 15, Crans-Montana was nominated in the 3rd ballot for 1987; in the Nordic group, Seefeld was preferred to Falun (SWE) for 1985; Oberstdorf won against Autrans (FRA) in 1987.
Marc Hodler was confirmed as president and went into the 33rd and 34th year of office.

• In 1985, the Super-G was added as a further discipline for world championships (first planned for 1987).

The 1986 World Ski Flying Championships were awarded to Austria (Kulm).
Certain advertising regulations were relaxed: according to this, racers were now allowed to use 30 square centimeters on their headgear and clothing for personal advertising. A proposal by the Swiss Association to use the start numbers as advertising space was rejected.
Another decision read: The allocation of World Cup races to the national associations should take place in a so-called package form, which should prevent long trips.
For athletes with regard to their nationality, exact regulations have been issued for participation in world championships, according to which they are citizens of the relevant association or have a valid passport of this country.

• 1988: The world championship venues for 1991 in the Alpine and Nordic disciplines were determined. In the alpine area , Saalbach-Hinterglemm emerged as the winner in the first ballot. Val di Fiemme was awarded the Nordic World Championships. The 1993 Alpine World Ski Championships have also been awarded to Morioka - Shizukuishi in Japan.

At the congress in Istanbul , the "safety pin matter" from the women's World Cup giant slalom in Lech on January 9th with the disqualifications by Heinz Krecek of several ÖSV runners came up for debate. The ski association asked to rewrite what a start number is. The ÖSV itself submitted a three-page definition. Nevertheless, the measures taken by Heinz Krecek were confirmed. It was said, however, that the accumulation of offices should be avoided in the future.

From the 1990s

• In 1990 the FIS court was established and the ski flying world cup was introduced.

Blood samples were introduced in connection with anti-doping tests.
The new home of the FIS in the so-called "FIS House" in Oberhofen am Thunersee was officially opened.

• At the 38th FIS congress in Budapest on June 12, 1992 the world championships in freestyle skiing in 1993 at Altenmarkt im Pongau , furthermore the "classic" ones for 1997 at Trondheim (Nordic - an agreement of 58 to 43 compared to Ramsau am Dachstein ) and Sestriere (alpine) awarded.
• In 1994 the sport of roller skiing got its own set of rules and the decision was made to make snowboarding an FIS discipline.
• In 1996, an amendment to Article 208.5 was resolved, according to which athletes who have already competed in international competitions for a national federation, in the event of a change of citizenship and national federation, must also present a declaration of consent from the previous national federation in addition to requirements 208.5 be able to participate in international FIS competitions for a new national federation. Without consent, there is a ban of 12 months from the date of deregistration. - Another change concerned article 226: "Every national ski association affiliated to the FIS and only this is entitled to conclude agreements which concern television broadcasts of international ski events organized by the association in its country. Such agreements are to be prepared and after consultation with the FIS are intended to represent the interests of skiing, snowboarding and the national ski associations. This applies to the broadcasting area in their own country as well as to broadcasting in broadcasting areas of other countries (broadcasting rights). Exceptions are the Olympic Winter Games and World Championships, which belong to the IOC or the FIS. "
• For the 1999 world championship program, a parallel mogul slope event for men and women was also decided in 1996 as an addition. Furthermore, Grasski got its own World Cup, two years later, in 1998, it was decided to organize its own world championships for roller skis. In the same year the FIS had 100 member associations for the first time.
• Several minor changes have been made to rules, competitions and disciplines over the past 10 years. Among other things, after the defeat at the international sports court against Stefan Luitz, the ban on oxygen bottles on the competition area was transferred from the anti-doping rules to the competition regulations in the summer of 2019 .
• In 2021 Johan Eliasch was elected as the new President of the FIS.

structure

The FIS is organized in several organs , each of which has specific tasks. A distinction can be made here mainly between the decision-making bodies and the advisory bodies.

Decision-making bodies

Congress The Congress , the supreme body within the FIS, met a total of 46 times until 2008, usually every two years. In addition to the task of making changes to the regulations, he elects the board and advises on the admission and exclusion of member associations as well as the competition calendar.

Board of Directors Since the congresses only take place every two years, the board of directors elected by the congress is the highest authority of the FIS in the meantime. He awards the world championships, he can also temporarily block member associations and submit applications to the congress, which is prepared by the board. Decisions that are normally made by Congress only last until the next Congress, if the Board makes them.

FIS court The FIS court is used in disputes between member associations and in complaints about the board of directors. In addition, the executive committee can ask the FIS court to decide further cases.

Advisory bodies

Committees As well as sub-committees and other working groups, committees are appointed by the board of directors. This is advised by the committees, and they also carry out technical tasks, for example.

For competition tasks

Competition juries If competition rules are violated, competition juries decide. In the event of a serious breach of the rules, you can also leave the case to the complaints committee for assessment.

Complaint committees In addition to the cases referred to them by the competition jury, the complaint committees also make the decisions when a judgment is lodged by the competition jury.

Other organs

Auditors The auditors check the board of directors' accounts, on which they report to the congress in writing.

General Secretariat The General Secretariat located in Switzerland is responsible for the administration of the FIS.

Critical voices

The FIS as a monopoly world association is often criticized for its very far-reaching association rules. So it is the individual athlete z. B. completely forbidden to market his person and to conclude contracts with sponsors and partners in this regard. Only the national association can do this, which in turn harbors the risk of conflicting interests because it tends to focus on its own interests or those of the partner and not the interests of the athletes. Quite a few voices consider the FIS regulations to be (antitrust) illegal because they restrict competition on the supplier and demand side and interfere far too far with the personal rights of the athletes without this being justified by sport-specific objectives.

Disciplines

• Nordic skiing (since 1910 and 1924)
  • Cross-country skiing
  • Ski jumping (including ski flying )
  • Nordic combination
• Alpine skiing (since 1930)
• Speed ​​race (since 1965)
• Freestyle (since 1977)
• Snowboard (since 1994)
• Grasski (since 1979)
• Telemark
• Rollerski (since 1994)

Biathlon is not one of the FIS disciplines, biathletes are organized in the IBU .

Major events

The FIS organizes several major events in each sport, and several of the organized sports are Olympic.

winter Olympics

→ Main article : Winter Olympics

Since 1957, the FIS (together with the other winter sports associations) has been consulted by the IOC when choosing the venue. She also oversees rules and nominations for ski and snowboard competitions. Of the FIS disciplines, snowboard, freestyle, alpine skiing and the three Nordic skiing competitions are Olympic.

World championships

The FIS organizes the following world championships:

• Nordic World Ski Championships
• Alpine World Ski Championships
• Ski flying world championship
• Snowboard world championships
• Freestyle skiing world championships
• Grass ski world championship
• Rollerski World Championships
• Telemark World Championship
• Speed ​​ski world championship

There are also Junior World Championships in all disciplines, for example:

• Alpine Ski Junior World Championship
• Grass ski junior world championship

Continental Championships

In contrast to some summer and team sports, the continental championships do not have a high priority in most FIS disciplines. However, there are European and American championships in almost all sports, and Asian championships are also held.

Other major events

In addition to the international championships, some of the national championships are also organized by the FIS. Especially in countries that are also internationally successful, the national championship can be a kind of preliminary round.

In addition, many FIS sports are represented at other events such as the Universiade . There are also some junior and youth championships.

Competition series

World cup

→ main products: Alpine World Cup , cross-country skiing World Cup , ski jumping World Cup , Nordic Combined World Cup , snowboarding World Cup , freestyle skiing World Cup , Grasski World Cup , the speed skiing World Cup

The "premier class" of the FIS competition series is the World Cup . In the sports in which it is organized there are not only the overall World Cup, the so-called "Big Crystal Ball", but also discipline World Cups, the so-called "Small Crystal Ball". The Grass Ski World Cup is an exception, where only the overall winners receive a World Cup trophy. For the Nations or Team World Cup, the scores of women and men are added together.

Lower class races

Similar to the major events, there are also lower-class competition series. In addition to the Continental Cups (especially the European Cup and the Nor-Am Cup in alpine skiing ) and the Cross-Country Marathon Cup , this also includes FIS races and the B World Cup, which is held in some disciplines. In the Nordic Combined a system had been established by the 2007/2008 season in which the athletes alternated between the A World Cup and the B World Cup when they performed poorly or well.

List of FIS abbreviations

Disciplines

• AL = Alpine skiing
• CC = cross-country skiing (ger .: Cross Country )
• FS = freestyle skiing
• GS = grass ski
• JP = Ski Jumping (ger .: Ski Jumping )
• NK = Nordic combination
• SB = snowboard
• SS = speed skiing (ger .: Speed Skiing )
• TM = telemarking

Events

Since the FIS has its own abbreviations for every competition, including many lower-class events, only a small selection is mentioned here. Only the World Cups, major events and other competitions that are of particular importance for the sport are listed.

• WCS = FIS World Cup ski jumping (including ski flying)
• COCS-H = FIS Continental Cup ski jumping (men)
• GPS = FIS Grand Prix ski jumping

Presidents

In its 94-year history, the FIS has only had four presidents. While Østgård had already been Vice President before his term in office and Kasper held the office of General Secretary, Hodler had previously acted as head of the Alpine Skiing Committee and member of the FIS Board of Directors.

Term of office	Surname	nationality
1924-1934	Ivar Holmquist	Sweden
1934-1951	Nikolai Ramm Østgaard	Norway
1951-1998	Marc Hodler	Switzerland
1998-2021	Gian Franco Kasper	Switzerland
2021 – today	Johan Eliasch	Sweden

Congresses

To date, the FIS Congress has met 48 times. As a rule, the events take place every two years.

No. date place Delegates / Nations 1. 02/18/1910  Christiania 22/10 2. March 20-21, 1911  Stockholm 15/9 3. January 24-25, 1912  Munich 14/8 4th March 20-21, 1913  Bern 14/8 5. February 27-28, 1914  Christiania 17/10 6th 02/10/1922  Stockholm 20/6 7th 02/06/1923  Prague 18/11 8th. 02/02/1924  Chamonix 36/14 9. February 03-06, 1926  Lahti 21/12 10. February 14-16, 1928  St. Moritz 38/15 11. February 24-26, 1930  Oslo 26/15 12th May 14-16, 1932  Paris 27/16 13. February 21-23, 1934  Sollefteå 18/10 14th February 14–24, 1936  Garmisch-Partenkirchen 47/24 15th February 21-23, 1938  Helsinki 36/15 16. August 27–31, 1946  Pau 37/18 17th April 10-15, 1949  Oslo 44/27

No. date place Delegates / Nations 18th April 24-27, 1951  Venice 39/16 19th May 27-30, 1953  Igls 60/19 20th May 30 - June 4, 1955  Montreux 66/21 21. May 30 - June 14, 1957  Dubrovnik 57/20 22nd June 10-13, 1959  Stockholm 75/24 23 May 28 - June 3, 1961  Madrid 96/26 24. May 20–24, 1963  Athens 66/31 25th June 8-11, 1965  Mamaia 76/30 26th May 16-21, 1967  Beirut 74/31 27 May 22-25, 1968  Barcelona 85/33 28. May 26-29, 1971  Opatija 85/34 29 07-08 June 1973  Nicosia 83/35 30th May 25–31, 1975  San Francisco 82/33 31. April 29-30, 1977  Bariloche 79/33 32. May 18-19, 1979  Nice 104/41 33. May 11-16, 1981  Puerto de la Cruz 101/39 34. May 8-15, 1983  Sydney 92/44

No. date place Delegates / Nations 35. May 27–06, 1985  Vancouver 91/36 36. 06-11.06.1988  Istanbul 113/46 37. May 20-27, 1990  Montreux 125/48 38. June 7-12, 1992  Budapest 137/54 39 06-12.06.1994  Rio de Janeiro 125/55 40. May 10-16, 1996  Christchurch 149/62 41. May 17–24, 1998  Prague 149/63 42. May 28 - June 3, 2000  Melbourne 139/62 43. June 02-08, 2002  Portorož 143/67 44. May 30 - June 5, 2004  Miami 141/58 45. May 21-27, 2006  Vilamoura 153/66 46. May 26–31, 2008  Cape Town 1150/65 47. May 30 - June 5, 2010  Antalya approx. 1000/74 48. May 27th - June 2nd, 2012  Kangwonland approx. 760/75 49. June 01-06, 2014  Barcelona 1150 / - 50 06-10 June 2016  Cancun 900 / - 51. May 13-19, 2018  Costa Navarino 180/68

Member associations

The FIS currently has 132 member associations (as of 2018) .

No.	Abbreviation	country	Association	Association abbreviation	Web
001	AFG	Afghanistan	Ski Federation of Afghanistan	AFG
002	ALB	Albania	Albanian Skiing Federation	CEP
003	ALG	Algeria	Fédération Algérienne de Ski et Sports de Montagne	FASSM
004	AND	Andorra	Federacio Andorrana d'Esqui	FAE	[1]
005	ARG	Argentina	Federacion Argentina de Ski y Andinismo	FASA	[2]
006	POOR	Armenia	Armenian Ski Federation	ASFA	[3]
007	ASA	American Samoa	American Samoa Ski Association
008	OUT	Australia	Ski & Snowboard Australia	SSA	[4]
009	AUT	Austria	Austrian Ski Association	ÖSV	[5]
010	AZE	Azerbaijan	Azerbaijan Ski Federation
011	BAH	Bahamas	Bahamas Ski Association		[6]
012	BAR	Barbados	Barbados Ski Association
013	BEL	Belgium	Vlaamse Ski en Snowboard Federatie	VSSF	[7]
014	BER	Bermuda	Bermuda Winter Ski Association
015	BIH	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Ski Federation of Bosnia & Herzegovina
016	BLR	Belarus	Belarus Ski Union
017	BOL	Bolivia	Federación Boliviana de Ski
018	BRA	Brazil	Confederação Brasileira de Desportos na Neve	CBDN	[8th]
019	BUL	Bulgaria	Bulgarian Ski Federation
020	CAN	Canada	Canadian Snowsports Association	CSA	[9]
021	CAY	Cayman Islands	Cayman Islands Confederation
022	CHI	Chile	Federación de Ski y Snowboard de Chile	FECHIS	[10]
023	CHN	People's Republic of China	Chinese Ski Association		[11]
024	CMR	Cameroon	Federation de Ski de Cameroun
025	COL	Colombia	Colombian Ski Team
026	CRC	Costa Rica	Costa Rica Ski Association
027	CRO	Croatia	Hrvatski Skijaški Savez	CROSKI	[12]
028	CYP	Cyprus	Cyprus Ski Federation		[13]
029	CZE	Czech Republic	Svaz lyžařů České Republiky	SLCR	[14]
030	DAN	Denmark	Danmarks Ski Association		[15]
031	DMA	Dominica	Dominica Ski Association
032	DOM	Dominican Republic	Fed. Dominicana de Patinaje y Deportes de Invierno		[16]
033	ECU	Ecuador	Ecuador Ski Federation
034	EGY	Egypt	Association de Ski de l'Egypte
035	ERI	Eritrea	Eritrean National Olympic Committee
036	ESA	El Salvador	Federacion Salvadorena de Nieve Y Hielo
037	ESP	Spain	Real Federación Española Deportes de Invierno		[17]
038	EST	Estonia	Eesti Suusaliit		[18]
039	SWZ	Eswatini	Swaziland Ski Association
040	ETH	Ethiopia	Ethiopian National Ski Federation
041	FIJ	Fiji	Fiji National Olympic Committee
042	FIN	Finland	Suomen Hiihtoliitto	SHL	[19]
043	FRA	France	Fédération Française de Ski	FFS	[20]
044	GBR	Great Britain	British Ski and Snowboard	BSS	[21]
045	GEO	Georgia	Winter Sports Federation of Georgia	WSFG
046	GER	Germany	German Ski Association	DSV	[22]
047	GHA	Ghana	National Ski Association of Ghana
048	GRE	Greece	Hellenic Ski Federation	EOX	[23]
049	GRN	Grenada	Grenada International Sports Foundation
050	GUA	Guatemala	Guatemalan Alpine Winter Sports Association
051	GUY	Guyana	Guyana Ski Federation
052	HAI	Haiti	Federation of Haitienne de Ski
053	HKG	Hong Kong	Ski Association of Hong Kong
054	HON	Honduras	Honduras Ski Association
055	HUN	Hungary	Magyar Sí Szövetség	MSS	[24]
056	IND	India	Winter Games Federation of India	WGFI
057	IRA	Iran	Iran Ski Federation		[25]
058	IRISHMAN	Ireland	Ski Association of Ireland
059	ISL	Iceland	Skíðasamband Íslands		[26]
060	ISR	Israel	Israel Ski Federation
061	ISV	American Virgin Islands	US Virgin Islands Ski Federation
061	ITA	Italy	Federazione Italiana Sport Invernali	FISI	[27]
063	IVB	British Virgin Islands	British Virgin Islands Ski Association		[28]
064	JAM	Jamaica	Jamaica Ski Federation
065	JOR	Jordan	Jordan Olympic Committee
066	JPN	Japan	Ski Association of Japan	SAJ	[29]
067	KAZ	Kazakhstan	Ski Association of the Republic of Kazakhstan
068	KEN	Kenya	Kenya Ski Federation
069	KGZ	Kyrgyzstan	Ski Federation of Kyrgyzstan
070	COR	South Korea	Korea Ski Association
071	KOS	Kosovo	Ski Federation of Kosova
072	KUW	Kuwait	Kuwait Ski Association
073	LAT	Latvia	Latvijas Slēpošanas savienība		[30]
074	LES	Lesotho	Lesotho National Winter Sports Association
075	LIB	Lebanon	Federation of Libanaise de Ski		[31]
076	LIE	Liechtenstein	Liechtenstein Ski Association	LSV	[32]
077	LTU	Lithuania	Skiing Federation of Lithuania
078	LUX	Luxembourg	Fédération Luxembourgeoise de Ski	FLS	[33]
079	MAD	Madagascar	Ski Madagascar
080	MAR	Morocco	Fédération Royale Marocaine de Ski	FRMSM
081	MAS	Malaysia	Malaysian Ski Association
082	MDA	Moldova	Ski Federation of the Republic of Moldova
083	MEX	Mexico	Federación Mexicana de Deportes de Invierno
084	MGL	Mongolia	Mongolian Ski Federation
085	MLT	Malta	Malta Olympic Committee		[34]
086	MNE	Montenegro	Montenegro Ski Association
087	MON	Monaco	Federation of Monégasque de Ski
088	NED	Netherlands	Nederlandse Ski Vereniging	NSV	[35]
089	NEP	Nepal	Nepal Ski Association
090	NGR	Nigeria	Nigeria Ski Federation
091	MKD	North Macedonia	Ski Federation of Macedonia
092	NOR	Norway	Norges Ski Association	NSF	[36]
093	NZE	New Zealand	Snow Sports New Zealand	SSNZ	[37]
094	PAK	Pakistan	Ski Federation of Pakistan
095	PAR	Paraguay	Comité Olímpico Paraguayo
096	BY	Peru	Federacion Peruana de Andinismo
097	PHI	Philippines	Philippine Ski Federation
098	PLE	Palestine	Palestinian Winter Sports Federation
099	POLE	Poland	Polski Związek Narciarski	PZN	[38]
100	POR	Portugal	Federação de Desportos de Inverno de Portugal	FDI	[39]
101	PRK	North Korea	The Ski Association of DPR Korea
102	PURE	Puerto Rico	Puerto Rico Ski Federation
103	ROU	Romania	Federația Română de Schi Biatlon	FRSB	[40]
104	RSA	South Africa	Snow Sports South Africa
105	RUS	Russia	Russian Ski Association
106	SEN	Senegal	Fédération Sénégalaise de Ski	FSS
107	SIN	Singapore	Singapore Snowboarding and Skiing Association
108	SLO	Slovenia	Smučarska zveza Slovenije	SZS	[41]
109	SMR	San Marino	Federazione Sammarinese Sport Invernali
110	SRB	Serbia	Ski Federation of Serbia
111	SRI	Sri Lanka	Sri Lanka Winter Sports Association
112	SOUTH	Sudan	Sudanese Winter Sports Association
113	SUI	Switzerland	Swiss ski		[42]
114	SVK	Slovakia	Slovenská lyžiarska asociácia	SLA	[43]
115	SWE	Sweden	Svenska Skidförbundet	SSF	[44]
116	TGA	Tonga	Royal Tonga Ski Federation
117	THA	Thailand	Ski Association of Thailand
118	TJK	Tajikistan	Tajik Ski Federation
119	TLS	East Timor	Timor-Leste Ski Association
120	TOG	Togo	Fédération Togolaise des Sports de Glisse et de Ski		[45]
121	TPE	Taiwan	Chinese Taipei Ski Association
122	TRI	Trinidad and Tobago	Trinidad & Tobago Snowsports Federation
123	DOOR	Turkey	Türkiye Kayak Federasyonu		[46]
124	UGA	Uganda	Uganda Olympic Committee
125	UKR	Ukraine	Ukrainian Ski Federation
126	URU	Uruguay	Asociacion Uruguaya de Ski
127	United States	United States	United States Ski & Snowboard Association	USSA	[47]
128	UZB	Uzbekistan	Ski Association of the Republic of Uzbekistan
129	VEN	Venezuela	Comite Olimpico Venezolano
130	ZIM	Zimbabwe	Ski Ass. Of Zimbabwe

See also

• FIS rules
• FIS points system
• European Ski Federation

Web links

Commons : Fédération Internationale de Ski  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Official website of the FIS
• Official website of the FIS for ski jumping
• FIS - head of an undisturbed billion-dollar sports cartel - Kurz Pfitzer Wolf & Partner

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} About the International Ski Federation (FIS). In: About FIS. September 17, 2018. At FIS-Ski.com (English), accessed October 29, 2019.
2. ↑ FIS Statutes 2018. In: Statutes & General Regulations. January 4, 2019. On FIS-Ski.com ( PDF ; 446 KB, p. 37), accessed on October 29, 2019.
3. ↑ ^{a b} FIS history ( Memento of the original from January 4, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
4. ↑ Beckmanns Sportlexikon. AZ. Vienna: Otto Beckmann. 1933, p. 2063
5. ^ The FIS Congress in Innsbruck. In: Sport Zurich. No. 53 of May 29, 1953, page 9 and of June 1, 1953, page 14
6. ^ "The World Ski Championships in Gastein" . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna June 3, 1955, p. 8 ( The website of the Arbeiterzeitung is currently being redesigned. The linked pages are therefore not available. - Digitized version).
7. ↑ "Innsbruck remains the first Olympic candidate" . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna June 4, 1955, p. 8 ( The website of the Arbeiterzeitung is currently being redesigned. The linked pages are therefore not available. - Digitized version).
8. ↑ Before a European Cup in alpine skiing . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna April 3, 1959, p. 10 ( The website of the Arbeiterzeitung is currently being redesigned. The linked pages are therefore not available. - Digitized version).
9. ^ "For the first time in ski history: a trial downhill race"; “Sport Zürich”, No. 4 of January 11, 1960, page 2.
10. ↑ Column 4: »The" Sailer case "deleted« . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna June 12, 1959, p. 10 ( The website of the Arbeiterzeitung is currently being redesigned. The linked pages are therefore not available. - Digitized version).
11. ↑ Last post in column 4 . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna June 14, 1959, p. 28 ( The website of the Arbeiterzeitung is currently being redesigned. The linked pages are therefore not available. - Digitized).
12. ^ "World Championships 1962 recognized"; "Sport-Zürich" of May 22, 1963, column 5, second article
13. ^ «FIS delegates want to travel in summer too»; "Sport-Zurich" from May 27, 1963
14. ^ Arnd Krüger : The History of the Olympic Winter Games. The Invention of a Tradition, in: M. GOKSÖR, GVD LIPPE, K. MO (Ed.): Winter Games - Warm Traditions . Oslo: Norsk Idrettshistorisk Vörening 1996, 101 - 122.
15. ↑ Congress Information: 26th Beirut (LIB) 1967 ( Memento of the original dated November 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the FIS website, accessed on November 4, 2014 (English). 
16. ↑ "Grenoble: Super measure" . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna May 21, 1967, p. 11 ( The website of the Arbeiterzeitung is currently being redesigned. The linked pages are therefore not available. - Digitized version).
17. ^ "Kitzbühel without World Cup" . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna May 21, 1967, p. 12 ( The website of the Arbeiterzeitung is currently being redesigned. The linked pages are therefore not available. - Digitized version).
18. ^ "Marc Hodler again FIS President" in "Kärntner Tageszeitung" No. 113 of May 23, 1967, page 10, POS. Column 4, middle
19. ↑ “Beirut in the focus of the ski world” in “ski - Official Organ of the German Ski Association” (Unionverlag Stuttgart), Volume 20, Issue No. 1 of October 4, 1967, page 34, (introductory sentences)
20. ^ "World Championships in St. Moritz, Falun" . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna May 30, 1971, p. 12 ( The website of the Arbeiterzeitung is currently being redesigned. The linked pages are therefore not available. - Digitized version).
21. ^ "Hodler wants to calm Brundage down" . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna May 29, 1971, p. 11 ( The website of the Arbeiterzeitung is currently being redesigned. The linked pages are therefore not available. - Digitized version).
22. ↑ left: «ÖSV team to Portillo» . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna June 2, 1971, p. 15 ( The website of the Arbeiterzeitung is currently being redesigned. The linked pages are therefore not available. - Digitized version).
23. ↑ "The 1971 ski races in Bad Kleinkirchheim are part of the European Cup" in "Kärntner Tageszeitung" No. 123 of June 3, 1971, page 16, column 1
24. ↑ "Double points for all-rounders" . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna June 10, 1973, p. 14 ( The website of the Arbeiterzeitung is currently being redesigned. The linked pages are therefore not available. - Digitized).
25. ↑ Column 3, below: “sport in short”, second article . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna June 1, 1975, p. 15 ( The website of the Arbeiterzeitung is currently being redesigned. The linked pages are therefore not available. - Digitized version).
26. ↑ "Schladming stood out from Valtellina" . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna May 20, 1979, p. 12 ( The website of the Arbeiterzeitung is currently being redesigned. The linked pages are therefore not available. - Digitized version).
27. ↑ top right: "Giant slalom will be changed" . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna May 16, 1981, p. 11 ( The website of the Arbeiterzeitung is currently being redesigned. The linked pages are therefore not available. - Digitized version).
28. ↑ «IOC examines Stenmark» . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna May 14, 1983, p. 19 ( The website of the Arbeiterzeitung is currently being redesigned. The linked pages are therefore not available. - Digitized).
29. ^ "WM in Seefeld" . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna May 16, 1983, p. 8 ( The website of the Arbeiterzeitung is currently being redesigned. The linked pages are therefore not available. - Digitized version).
30. ↑ «FIS loosens advertising for participants» . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna June 3, 1985, p. 8 ( The website of the Arbeiterzeitung is currently being redesigned. The linked pages are therefore not available. - Digitized version).
31. ↑ "Saalbach booted opponents in the first round of" . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna June 13, 1988, p. 24 ( The website of the Arbeiterzeitung is currently being redesigned. The linked pages are therefore not available. - Digitized version).
32. ^ "Wolf winner for a short time in the needle war" . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna January 11, 1988, p. 20 ( The website of the Arbeiterzeitung is currently being redesigned. The linked pages are therefore not available. - Digitized).
33. ↑ «Krecek is confirmed» . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna June 10, 1988, p. 35 ( The website of the Arbeiterzeitung is currently being redesigned. The linked pages are therefore not available. - Digitized version).
34. ^ "Briefly noted" in "Kronenzeitung" of June 13, 1992, page 12 from the back; POS .: last post, right
35. ↑ Updated FIS Anti-Doping Rules on the FIS website, accessed on August 13, 2019.
36. ^ FIS elects billionaire Eliasch as new president , Reuters, June 4, 2021.
37. ↑ FIS structure ( Memento of the original from October 26, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
38. ↑ Dr. Markus Wekwerth: The FIS - head of an undisturbed billion-dollar sports cartel. KPW Rechtsanwälte, October 16, 2014, accessed on October 16, 2014 . 
39. ↑ FIS Congresses ( Memento of the original from January 30, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.