Claudia Pechstein

Claudia Pechstein
nation	Germany
birthday	February 22, 1972 (age 49)
place of birth	East Berlin ,  GDR
size	166 cm
Weight	61kg
job	Police officer ( Federal Police )
Career
society	Eisbären Juniors Berlin
Trainer	Joachim Franke (until 2010/11) André Unterdörfel (from 2011/12 to 2014/15)
status	active
medal table
Olympic medals 5× 2× 2× World Cup medals 6× 22× 14× EM medals 3× 6× 2× National Medals 41× 20× 7×
winter Olympics bronze 1992 Albertville 5000m gold 1994 Lillehammer 5000m bronze 1994 Lillehammer 3000m gold 1998 Nagano 5000m silver 1998 Nagano 3000m gold 2002 Salt Lake City 5000m gold 2002 Salt Lake City 3000m gold 2006 Torino team silver 2006 Torino 5000m  All-Around World Championships silver 1996 Inzell all-around silver 1997 Nagano all-around silver 1998 Heerenveen all-around silver 1999 Hamar all-around gold 2000Milwaukee all-around silver 2001 Budapest all-around bronze 2002 Heerenveen all-around silver 2003 Gothenburg all-around silver 2004 Hamar all-around bronze 2005 Moscow all-around silver 2006 Calgary all-around  Individual Distance World Championships gold 1996 Hamar 5000m silver 1996 Hamar 3000m silver 1996 Hamar 1500m bronze 1997 Warsaw 5000m silver 1998 Calgary 5000m silver 1998 Calgary 3000m bronze 1998 Calgary 1500m silver 1999 Heerenveen 5000m silver 1999 Heerenveen 3000m silver 2000 Nagano 5000m gold 2000 Nagano 3000m gold 2000 Nagano 1500m silver 2001 Salt Lake City 5000m bronze 2001 Salt Lake City 3000m gold 2003 Berlin 5000m silver 2003 Berlin 3000m bronze 2004 Seoul 5000m gold 2004 Seoul 3000m silver 2005 Inzell 5000m silver 2005 Inzell 3000m silver 2007 Salt Lake City 5000m bronze 2007 Salt Lake City team bronze 2008 Nagano team bronze 2011 Inzell 5000m bronze 2011 Inzell team bronze 2012 Heerenveen 5000m bronze 2013 Sochi 3000m bronze 2013 Sochi 5000m bronze 2015 Heerenveen 5000m silver 2017 Gangneung 5000m  All-around European Championships bronze 1996 Heerenveen all-around gold 1998 Helsinki all-around silver 1999 Heerenveen all-around silver 2001 Baselga di Piné all-around silver 2002 Erfurt all-around silver 2003 Heerenveen all-around silver 2004 Heerenveen all-around bronze 2005 Heerenveen all-around gold 2006 Hamar all-around gold 2009 Heerenveen all-around silver 2012 Budapest all-around
Placements in the Speed ​​Skating World Cup
World Cup debut 1991  World Cup victories 34  Total toilet 1500 2. (1997/98, 1998/99, 1999/00, 2001/02, 2002/03)  Total toilet 3000/5000 1. (2002/03, 2003/04, 2004/05) 2nd (2007/08, 2014/15) 3rd (2006/07, 2011/12)  Total WC mass start 2. 2012
podium finishes 1. 2. 3.  1500 meters 6 13 9  3000 meters 14 25 8th  5000 meters 7 11 4  team competition 4 3 5  mass start 3 2 1  combination 0 1 0
last modified: December 10, 2017

Claudia Pechstein (born February 22, 1972 in Berlin-Marzahn ) is a German speed skater and police chief of the Federal Police . With five Olympic victories in 1994, 1998, 2002 and 2006 and four other Olympic medals, she is the most successful German Olympian at the Winter Games (men and women). She belongs to the speed skating department of the Eisbären Juniors Berlin . In the 2021 federal election , she ran for the CDU Berlin as a direct candidate in the Berlin-Treptow-Köpenick federal constituency . However, she failed to enter Parliament.

Sporting career

Beginnings and until 2009

Claudia Pechstein (2004)

Claudia Pechstein at the World Cup in Hamar, 2008

Claudia Pechstein grew up in East Berlin . At the Children's and Youth Spartakiade of the GDR in 1985, she was first over 1500 meters. In 1988 she became Vice Junior World Champion in the all-around. At the first all-German championships in 1991, Pechstein won silver in the 3,000 and 5,000 meters.

Her first success in professional sports came when she won the bronze medal in the 5000 meters at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville . Despite the success, however, she remained in the shadow of Gunda Niemann , who won this competition. Two years later she won the gold medal in the 5000 meters and the bronze medal in the 3000 meters at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer . Two years later, Pechstein competed at European and World Championships for the first time. At the Individual Distance World Championships in Hamar in 1996 , she competed in the 1500, 3000 and 5000 meters, winning two silver medals and gold in the 5000 meters. Shortly thereafter, she won a bronze medal at the 1996 World All -Around Championships in Heerenveen . She finished the 1997/98 World Cup season in second place overall in the 1500 and 3000/5000 meters.

At the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano , Pechstein temporarily set an Olympic record in the 3,000 meters with a time of 4:08.47 minutes and won the silver medal. She set a new world record in the 5000m with a time of 6:59.61 and won the gold medal. In the end she was only seventh over 1500 meters. At the European All-Around Championships in 1998, she won the gold medal before shortly thereafter reaching silver at the All-Around World Championships in Heerenveen . She won gold in the 3000m and 5000m at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City . She also set a new world record on both routes. She finished sixth in the 1500m. For her achievements, Pechstein received the Order of Merit of the State of Berlin in the same year .

At the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin , she did not compete in the 1500 meters. She finished only fifth in the 3000m, won the silver medal in the 5000m behind Clara Hughes of Canada and also the gold medal in the team competition with the German team. At the European All-Around Championships in 2007, she only came in fifth place. A year later she finished fourth before winning the gold medal again in 2009 .

Doping ban 2009

In July 2009, it was announced that Pechstein had been banned for two years by the ISU in February 2009. The ISU considered her guilty of blood doping on circumstantial evidence after a series of blood samples at the World All-Around Championships in Hamar showed a reticulocyte count of 3.5 percent, 1.1 percentage points above the maximum set by the International Skating Union (ISU). . Pechstein was one of the first athletes to be accused of doping using indirect evidence, comparable to the " biological passport ".

Pechstein complained about the ban before the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) , which confirmed this in November 2009: The CAS followed the main arguments of the ISU. Elevated reticulocyte levels are a strong indication of doping, even if hematocrit and hemoglobin levels do not rise noticeably. The arbitral tribunal emphasized that part of the report, in particular that of the hematologist Hubert Schrezenmeier from Ulm, according to which Pechstein was in excellent health and that changes in the blood count caused by the disease could not be clearly identified. Hubert Schrezenmeier , who classified an inherited anomaly as probable, criticized this interpretation of his report after the procedure.

Pechstein also took legal action against it. On December 8, 2009, the Swiss Federal Court granted her urgent application and allowed her to compete in the World Cup on December 11, 2009 in Salt Lake City . There she wanted to qualify for the Olympic Games in Vancouver . In the first race after a ten-month break from competition, however, she only finished 13th in 4:04.59 min over 3000 meters and thus clearly missed the eighth place required for qualification. Finally, on March 4, 2010, BKA officials searched Pechstein's house following a complaint by the German speed skating community DESG and NADA .

On March 15, 2010, physicians from the German Society for Hematology and Oncology (DGHO) confirmed that Claudia Pechstein had an inherited blood anomaly, according to which a mild form of spherical cell anemia was responsible for the altered blood values ​​in her. From a medical point of view, the ban is therefore unfounded.

In a judgment of September 28, 2010, the Swiss Federal Supreme Court dismissed Pechstein 's appeal against the CAS decision and finally confirmed the ban. Only new facts and evidence that could not have been produced in the previous CAS proceedings are significant in terms of appeal law, and not those that arose later. However, the newly submitted expert opinions were only prepared after the CAS judgment. Pechstein's assertion that she was made aware of the "allegedly" new diagnostic possibility no more than two days after the CAS arbitral award, but that she was unable to invoke it during the arbitration proceedings, is not sufficient. Pechstein had already argued during the arbitration proceedings that she suffered from an inherited blood anomaly, although the CAS arbitration decision stated that even such a diagnosis could not explain the fluctuations in the blood values ​​found.

On June 30, 2011, Claudia Pechstein announced at a press conference that she had had her blood values ​​tested privately. In 24 of 75 cases, elevated levels were again found due to their blood anomalies. So she made a self-report. At the beginning of December 2011, it was announced that the National Anti-Doping Agency in Germany would not open any proceedings against the speed skater after Pechstein's self-disclosure. At 3.06 percent, Pechstein 's reticulocyte count was well above the limit of 2.4, similar to what it was when she was banned in 2009. The media saw this as a stage victory in the fight for her rehabilitation as an athlete. Doubts were also voiced from the legal side as to whether the standard of proof used in the proof of doping under sports law, which allowed Pechstein to be convicted of a doping violation despite remaining doubts, is appropriate or whether the principle “ in dubio pro reo ” customary in state sanctions law should apply.

On February 26, 2014, the District Court of Munich I dismissed Pechstein's claim for damages against the World Ice Skating Association (ISU) and the German Speed ​​Skating Association (DESG). Although it declared the athletes' agreement to be invalid, the court was bound by the statements of the CAS with regard to the question of whether the doping ban was justified and therefore had to assume without its own examination that the ban was lawful.

In the appeal proceedings, the Munich Higher Regional Court (OLG) also decided that the arbitration agreement was invalid because it violated mandatory antitrust law. With an interim judgment of January 15, 2015, the Higher Regional Court determined that the action brought before the German civil court is admissible. In contrast to the regional court, however, the Higher Regional Court stated that the CAS decision that the doping ban had been imposed correctly does not conflict with the claim for damages, because the German courts are not bound by this decision. The Higher Regional Court has not yet decided whether Pechstein can demand compensation. The parties initially have the opportunity to appeal against the interlocutory judgment at the Federal Court of Justice.

Two weeks after the Higher Regional Court's decision, a commission of experts from the German Olympic Sports Confederation , which had been in place since October 2014, confirmed that the medical assessment as the basis for the doping verdict was "wrong". All experts came to the conclusion that "a doping proof cannot be provided on the basis of the blood count progression and erythrocyte characteristics". The President of the DOSB, Alfons Hörmann , then personally apologized to Pechstein.

On June 7, 2016, the Federal Court of Justice dismissed Pechstein's appeal against the judgment of the Munich I Regional Court and granted the ISU's appeal against the judgment of the Munich Higher Regional Court in the final instance. Her lawyer then announced a complaint before the Federal Constitutional Court ; the hearing complaint , which is a prerequisite for this, was dismissed in September 2016.

On October 2, 2018, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) dismissed the case against CAS. It found (like the BGH before it) that "the proceedings before the CAS did not violate their right to a fair trial" and, moreover, that the CAS is an independent and impartial court within the meaning of the European Convention on Human Rights . However, they granted Pechstein compensation of 8,000 euros because the CAS refused her an oral hearing and thus disregarded her right to a fair trial.

return

Four days after her two-year ban expired, she completed the 3000 meters in a club competition in Erfurt 's Gunda-Niemann-Stirnemann-Halle on February 12, 2011 with a time of 4:10.05 and a time of 2:01.22 1500 meters the required standard times for a World Cup participation of 4:15 or 2:03.50 minutes. On February 18 and 19, 2011, she started in Salt Lake City for the first time again in a World Cup race. There she ran the 5000 meters in 6:51.62 min - her fourth fastest time ever - and 1:55.38 min over 1500 meters, winning the B group and qualifying for the World Cup finals in Heerenveen , where only runners from the A group were allowed to participate, as well as for the individual distance world championships in Inzell . At the last World Cup of the 2010/11 season in Heerenveen on March 5, 2011, she ran the 3000-meter distance in 4:09.60 minutes in fourth place, which also enabled her to qualify for the World Championships for this distance. At the World Championships in Inzell, she won the bronze medal over 5000 meters in 7:00.90 min, behind defending champion Martina Sáblíková and Stephanie Beckert . In the team competition, she also took third place with Isabell Ost and Stephanie Beckert. She is the oldest medalist at single distance world championships.

With the aim of qualifying for the track cycling competitions at the 2012 Summer Olympics , she took part in the 2011 Deutsche Bahn Championships in Berlin . However, she only came tenth in the 500-meter time trial and in the 3000-meter pursuit , so she could not qualify for the Olympics.

At the 2012 European All-Around Speed ​​Skating Championships in Budapest, Pechstein won the silver medal behind Martina Sáblíková . In the 2011/12 World Cup season , she achieved nine podium finishes in World Cup races, including a victory in the mass start at the World Cup in Berlin on March 11, 2012, as well as five second places and three third places. At the Individual Distance World Championships in Heerenveen, she won bronze in the 5000 meters behind Martina Sáblíková and Stephanie Beckert. The following year, she won the bronze medal in both long-distance races at this competition . In 2015 she again won bronze in the 5000 meters.

At her sixth Olympics , she finished fourth in the 3000m and fifth in the 5000m in Sochi 2014 .

In 2017, Pechstein won the silver medal over 5000 meters at the Individual Distance World Championships in Gangneung , South Korea. Eleven days before her 45th birthday, she became the oldest medalist at the World Championships in speed skating history . The time of 6:53.93 minutes was her best over this distance since her two-year ban between 2009 and 2011.

On November 19, 2017, Pechstein won her 33rd World Cup over 5000 meters at the World Cup in Stavanger . At 45, she is the oldest World Cup winner in speed skating history. At the same time, she managed to qualify for her seventh Winter Olympics in 2018 . Days later, another World Cup victory came in the mass start in Calgary . At the 2018 Winter Olympics, during which she celebrated her 46th birthday, she reached the finals in four events, finishing ninth in the 3000m, eighth in the 5000m, sixth in the team pursuit and 13th in the mass start race.

At the German Championships in Inzell on October 29, 2021, she won her 40th German title over 3000 meters with a lead of almost five seconds over her competitors, who were more than 20 years younger. The 41st DM title was added over 5000 meters - with an even greater lead.

With 11th place in the mass start final of the 2021/2022 World Cup in Calgary and after two eleventh places on the weekend of 4th/5th December 2021 in Salt Lake City, she secured her eighth Olympic appearance at the XXIV Olympic Winter Games in Beijing 2022 at the age of 49 on December 12, 2021 . This makes her the first winter athlete to have qualified for the Olympics so many times. Previously only ski jumper Noriaki Kasai managed to do this . Pechstein, along with Francesco Friedrich , was elected flag bearer of the German team at the opening ceremony.

Personal bests

• 500 m: 38.99 sec. (placed March 18, 2006 in Calgary)
• 1,000 m: 1:16.00 min. (Filed 24 February 2007 in Calgary)
• 1,500 m: 1:54.31 min. (Filed 17 November 2007 in Calgary)
• 3,000 m: 3:57.35 min. (Filed on March 18, 2006 in Calgary)
• 5,000 m: 6:46.91 min. (Recorded February 9, 2002 in Salt Lake City)

Participation in World and European Championships and Olympic Winter Games

Olympic games

• 1992 Albertville : 3rd place 5000m
• 1994 Lillehammer : 1st place 5000m, 3rd place 3000m
• 1998 Nagano : 1st place 5000m, 2nd place 3000m, 7th place 1500m
• 2002 Salt Lake City : 1st place 5000m, 1st place 3000m, 6th place 1500m
• 2006 Turin : 1st place team pursuit, 2nd place 5000m, 5th place 3000m
• 2014 Sochi : 4th place 3000m, 5th place 5000m, 19th place 1500m
• 2018 Pyeongchang : 6th place team pursuit, 8th place 5000m, 9th place 3000m, 13th place mass start

Individual Distance World Championships

• 1996 Hamar : 1st place 5000m, 2nd place 3000m, 2nd place 1500m
• 1997 Warsaw : 3rd place 5000m, 4th place 3000m, 8th place 1500m
• 1998 Calgary : 2nd place 5000m, 2nd place 3000m, 3rd place 1500m
• 1999 Heerenveen : 2nd place 5000m, 2nd place 3000m, 4th place 1500m
• 2000 Nagano : 1st place 1500m, 1st place 3000m, 2nd place 5000m
• 2001 Salt Lake City : 2nd place 5000m, 3rd place 3000m
• 2003 Berlin : 1st place 5000m, 2nd place 3000m
• 2004 Seoul : 1st place 3000m, 3rd place 5000m
• 2005 Inzell : 2nd place 5000m, 2nd place 3000m
• 2007 Salt Lake City : 2nd place 5000 m, 3rd place team pursuit, 4th place 3000 m
• 2008 Nagano : 3rd place team pursuit, 4th place 5000m, 5th place 3000m
• 2011 Inzell : 3rd place team pursuit, 3rd place 5000m, 8th place 3000m
• 2012 Heerenveen : 3rd place 5000m, 4th place 3000m, 5th place team pursuit
• 2013 Sochi : 3rd place 5000m, 3rd place 3000m, 4th place team pursuit
• 2015 Heerenveen : 3rd place 5000m, 5th place 3000m, 7th place team pursuit, 18th place mass start
• 2016 Kolomna : 4th place 5000m, 4th place 3000m, 4th place team pursuit, 16th place mass start
• 2017 Gangwon : 2nd place 5000m, 4th place team pursuit, 11th place mass start
• 2019 Inzell : 7th place 5000 m, 12th place mass start
• 2020 Salt Lake City : 8th place 5000m, 9th place mass start, 11th place 3000m
• 2021 Heerenveen : 8th place team pursuit, 10th place mass start, 10th place 5000 m

All-Around World Championships

• 1992 Heerenveen : 6th place, small four-way event
• 1993 Berlin : 9th place small four-way battle
• 1995 Tynset : 7th place Small Four-Around
• 1996 Inzell : 2nd place small four-way battle
• 1997 Nagano : 2nd Place Small Four-Around
• 1998 Heerenveen : 2nd place small four-way competition
• 1999 Hamar : 2nd place small four-way battle
• 2000 Milwaukee : 1st Place Small Four-Around
• 2001 Budapest : 2nd place small four-way battle
• 2002 Heerenveen : 3rd place small four-way competition
• 2003 Gothenburg : 2nd place small four-way battle
• 2004 Hamar : 2nd place small four-way battle
• 2005 Moscow : 3rd place small four-way battle
• 2006 Calgary : 2nd Place Small Four-Around
• 2007 Heerenveen : 4th place small four-way battle
• 2008 Berlin : 7th place small four-way battle
• 2009 Hamar : 24th place small four-way battle
• 2012 Moscow : 6th place small four-way battle
• 2015 Calgary : 10th Place Small Four-Around

European Championships

• 1992 Heerenveen : 14th place small all-around
• 1993 Heerenveen : 17th place small all-around
• 1995 Heerenveen : 4th place small all-around
• 1996 Heerenveen : 3rd place small all-around
• 1997 Heerenveen : 4th place small all-around
• 1998 Helsinki : 1st place small all-around
• 1999 Heerenveen : 2nd place small all-around
• 2000 Hamar : 4th place small all-around
• 2001 Baselga di Piné : 2nd place small all-around
• 2002 Erfurt : 2nd place small all-around
• 2003 Heerenveen : 2nd place small all-around
• 2004 Heerenveen : 2nd place small all-around
• 2005 Heerenveen : 3rd place small all-around
• 2006 Hamar : 1st place small all-around
• 2007 Klobenstein : 5th place small all-around
• 2008 Kolomna : 4th place small all-around
• 2009 Heerenveen : 1st place small all-around
• 2012 Budapest : 2nd place small all-around
• 2013 Heerenveen : 7th place small all-around
• 2014 Hamar : 7th place small all-around
• 2017 Heerenveen : 6th place small all-around
• 2020 Heerenveen : 8th place mass start, 12th place 3000 m

Olympic records

In five Winter Olympics from 1992 to 2006, she won nine medals (once with the team, eight times as an individual) and thus several individual records:

• most successful athlete in Germany at the Olympic Winter Games (men and women)
• Germany's most successful athlete in individual disciplines (men and women) at the Olympic Summer and Winter Games
• three consecutive golds in the same discipline (5000m) (golds in 1994, 1998 and 2002) at the Winter Olympics
• Including the 2014 Winter Games in Sochi, she has held the record for the 5000 m (6:46.91 min) since the 2002 Olympic Games in Salt Lake City.
• She is the only German with eight participations in the Winter Games (1992, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2014, 2018 and 2022).
• Their first and last games are 30 years apart; Record (together with Hubertus von Hohenlohe , as of 2022).
• Eight participations in the Olympic Winter Games are a record (together with the ski jumper Noriaki Kasai , as of 2022).

life and profession

Claudia Pechstein grew up in the Berlin district of Marzahn . As part of the promotion of top athletes, she began basic training with the Federal Border Police in 1993 and became a civil servant at the end of the 1990s . When the Federal President was elected in 2004, she was a member of the Federal Assembly for the CDU Berlin . In July 2010, Claudia Pechstein announced through her management that she was separating from her husband, whom she had married in 1998. The divorce took place in March 2014. Since 2010 she has been in a relationship with Matthias Große , who also looks after her in sports. In August 2010, the Federal Police Academy discontinued disciplinary proceedings against the chief police officer on suspicion of blood doping.

In June 2016, after losing in court, Pechstein claimed that every refugee entering Germany enjoys more legal protection than an athlete. This statement at the time of the refugee crisis in Germany in 2015/2016 was heavily criticized.

awards

• 2002: Order of Merit of the State of Berlin
• 2002: Sportswoman of the Year of the newspaper Neues Deutschland (ND)
• 2003: Runner-up in Female Athlete of the Year (ND) contest
• 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2017: Berlin's Sportswoman of the Year
• 2015: Goldene Henne in the Audience Award Sports category
• Claudia Pechstein is a bearer of the Silver Bay Leaf .

factories

• Claudia Pechstein, Ralf Grengel: Of gold and blood - my life between Olympus and hell. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf , Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-89602-989-8 .

See also

• List of the most successful winter Olympians

literature

• Volker Kluge:  Pechstein, Claudia . In: Who was who in the GDR? 5th edition. Volume 2. Ch. Links, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86153-561-4 .
• Axel Brunk: The athlete and institutional sports arbitration - On the effectiveness of enforced arbitration agreements in sports and the requirement for independent and impartial administration of justice using the example of the Tribunal Arbitral du Sport (TAS) and the German Sports Arbitration Court (DSS). (= Lausanne studies on jurisprudence. Volume 15). Nomos Publishing Company, Lausanne 2016, ISBN 978-3-8487-2637-0 .

web links

Commons : Claudia Pechstein  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

• Literature by and about Claudia Pechstein in the German National Library catalogue
• Claudia Pechstein's website
• Statistics on the Speedskatingnews page
• Photos by Claudia Pechstein at DESGphoto
• Statistics for skate results
• Statistics at effesport (nl.)
• Claudia Pechstein on the website of the German Olympic Sports Confederation
• Jana Simon : The woman who came in from the cold. In: ZEITmagazin . 3/2014 of January 9, 2014

itemizations

1. ^ Short vita of Claudia Pechstein. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on November 8, 2015 ; retrieved October 27, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
2. ↑ Ambitious plan: Pechstein wants to represent the CDU in the Bundestag . Report to t-online from April 15, 2021.
3. ↑ Ullrich makes it into the Bundestag, Pechstein does not. Retrieved October 30, 2021 . 
4. ^ ^{a b} Claudia Pechstein - Olympia. Claudia Pechstein, archived from the original on February 27, 2010 ; retrieved 6 July 2009 . 
5. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Claudia Pechstein at the Sports-Reference database (English; archived from the original )
6. ↑ Speed ​​Skating at the 1992 Albertville Winter Games: Women's 5,000 metres. Sports-Reference.com, retrieved 6 July 2009 . 
7. ↑ Olympic champion Pechstein banned for blood doping. In: Mirror Online . 2009 November 25 Archived from the original ; retrieved December 1, 2012 . 
8. ↑ Pechstein and DESG vs. ISU, Arbitral Award (CAS ruling). (PDF; 3.76 MB) (No longer available online.) 2006 November 25, archived from the original on 2012 November 7 ; Retrieved December 1, 2012 (English). 
9. ↑ Claudia Pechstein files an appeal against the verdict. In: Berliner Morgenpost. 11 January 2010, retrieved 14 January 2015 . 
10. ↑ Mike Glindmeier: Sports Court confirms Pechstein ban. In: Mirror Online. 25 November 2009, retrieved 1 December 2012 . 
11. ↑ Jörn Sucher, fsc: Pechstein allowed to start in Salt Lake City. In: Mirror Online. December 8, 2009, retrieved December 1, 2012 . 
12. ↑ Pechstein misses Olympia - Wolf with world record. In: Eurosport Online. 11 December 2009, retrieved 1 December 2012 . 
13. ↑ Marcel Stein, Michael Behrendt: Doping: BKA searches Claudia Pechstein's house. In: The World . 4 March 2010, retrieved 1 December 2012 . 
14. ↑ Peter Ahrens: Pechstein case: Doctors rule out doping. In: Mirror Online. 15 March 2010, retrieved 1 December 2012 . 
15. ↑ Gerhard Ehninger: The Pechstein case. Incorrect loot scheme. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . 2010 March 24 Archived from the original ; retrieved April 1, 2010 . 
16. ↑ Federal Supreme Court rejects appeal by speed skater Claudia Pechstein. (PDF, 21 kB) Press release from the Federal Supreme Court. (No longer available online.) Swiss Federal Supreme Court , October 1, 2010, archived from the original on March 2, 2012 ; retrieved December 1, 2012 . 
17. ↑ Michael Reinsch: Claudia's "Retis". In: faz.net . 30 June 2011, retrieved 1 December 2012 . 
18. ↑ Speed ​​skating: No proceedings against Pechstein after self-disclosure. In: RP online . December 1, 2011, retrieved December 1, 2012 . 
19. ↑ Michael Reinsch: The doubts are still running - doubts about the integrity - doubts about the punishment. Claudia Pechstein wants to close the circle / constitutional lawyer Röger considers the evidence at her conviction to be insufficient . In: FAZ. 7 January 2012, retrieved 1 December 2012 . 
20. ↑ Stefanie Ruhwinkel: Jurisdiction of the District Court of Munich I in civil matters (no compensation for speed skater after doping ban). Press release 03. In: District Court of Munich. Justice in Bavaria, February 26, 2014, retrieved December 14, 2021 . 
21. ↑ Claudia Pechstein: Court rejects claim for damages. n-tv.de, February 26, 2014, retrieved December 31, 2014 . 
22. ↑ Oliver Michaelis, The compulsory arbitration in professional sport - discussing the current case law in the case of Claudia Pechstein, SchiedsVZ 06/2019, 331-341.
23. ↑ Wilhelm Schneider: Munich Higher Regional Court declares the arbitration agreement between Claudia P. and the International Speed ​​Skating Association (ISU) in 2009 to be invalid and does not recognize the ruling of the Court of Arbitration for Sports (CAS). Press Release 2. In: Munich Higher Regional Court. Jusitz in Bayern, January 15, 2015, retrieved December 14, 2021 . 
24. ↑ Claudia Pechstein: Court allows millions of dollars in damages. (No longer available online.) Handelsblatt, January 15, 2015, archived from the original on January 21, 2015 ; retrieved January 21, 2015 . 
25. ↑ Munich Higher Regional Court admits lawsuit worth millions. In: N24 . 15 January 2015, retrieved 15 January 2015 . 
26. ↑ Axel Brunk: The athlete and institutional sports arbitration (=  Lausanne studies on jurisprudence . Volume 15 ). Nomos Publishing Company, Lausanne 2016, ISBN 978-3-8487-2637-0 .
27. ↑ DOSB Commission: misjudgment on Pechstein. In: World Online . January 29, 2015, retrieved October 9, 2018 . 
28. ↑ Judgment of the Cartel Senate of June 7th, 2016 - KZR 6/15 -. In: juris.bundesgerichtshof.de. Retrieved 17 June 2016 . 
29. ↑ Speed ​​skater: Claudia Pechstein fails at the BGH. In: Mirror Online . 6 July 2016, retrieved 6 July 2016 . 
30. ↑ Claudia Pechstein fails with hearing complaint , dpa report from September 7, 2016 on T-online.de .
31. ↑ Paul Lambertz: ECtHR confirms legitimacy of CAS: CAS 2, Pechstein 0. In: Legal Tribune Online . 2 October 2018, retrieved 9 October 2018 . 
32. ↑ Gerald Müller: Claudia Pechstein in Erfurt with a successful comeback. In: Thuringian General . February 14, 2011, retrieved December 1, 2012 . 
33. ↑ Wolf wins, Pechstein shocks competition. In: Berlin Online . Retrieved December 1, 2012 . 
34. ↑ Claudia Pechstein can make up Olympia. (No longer available online.) In: Märkische Oderzeitung . July 10, 2011. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015 . 
35. ↑ Wind lottery with a happy ending: Pechstein wins European Championship silver. In: ntv.de . Retrieved December 1, 2012 . 
36. ↑ World Cup in Stavanger: Claudia Pechstein causes a sensation , on sportschau.de, November 19, 2017.
37. ↑ Pechstein shows it to the "young chickens" again. Retrieved November 1, 2021 . 
38. ↑ Eighth Olympic participation perfect - speed skater Claudia Pechstein makes history. Retrieved December 13, 2021 . 
39. ↑ Olympia, Beijing 2022: Pechstein and Friedrich flag bearer. Retrieved February 4, 2022 . 
40. ↑ Andreas Berten: Ski jumping legend Noriaki Kasai: "Claudia Pechstein is pursuing her dreams". February 4, 2022, retrieved February 5, 2022 (German). 
41. ↑ Federal police demand: Pechstein should go to work. ( Memento from September 12, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) In: Sächsische Zeitung . May 27, 2010.
42. ↑ Pechstein separates from husband (sic!) . In: Sport1.de . 16 July 2010, retrieved 1 December 2012 . 
43. ↑ Claudia Pechstein: Divorce in Suhl. In: inSüdthüringen.de. 13 March 2014, retrieved 18 March 2015 . 
44. ↑ Pechstein has a new friend. In: bz-berlin.de. 22 July 2010, retrieved 24 February 2021 . 
45. ↑ Disciplinary proceedings against police chief Claudia Pechstein discontinued. ( Memento of July 20, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) Federal Ministry of the Interior, August 16, 2010.
46. ↑ Friedhard Teuffel: The verdict is a missed opportunity . In: The daily mirror online . 7 June 2016, ISSN  1865-2263 ( tagesspiegel.de [accessed 3 February 2022]).
47. ↑ Scandal after BGH judgment: Pechstein: "Refugees enjoy more legal protection than athletes". Retrieved February 3, 2022 . 
48. ↑ Claudia Pechstein suffers defeat in the process. Retrieved February 3, 2022 . 
49. ↑ nd Sportswoman of the Year 2002. In: Neues Deutschland . 17 November 2011, retrieved 1 December 2012 .