Niederwald (Kirchhain)

Niederwald Kirchhain parish Coordinates: 50 ° 49 ′ 42 " N , 8 ° 52 ′ 43" E
Height :	196 m above sea level NN
Area :	4.37 km²
Residents :	801 (June 30, 2017)
Population density :	183 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	1st February 1971
Postal code :	35274
Area code :	06422

The church

Niederwald is a district of Kirchhain in the Marburg-Biedenkopf district in Central Hesse .

geography

The village is just under 3 km west-northwest of Kirchhain on the edge of the Amöneburg basin in the floodplain of the Ohm , where the flood retention basin Kirchhain / Ohm is located to protect the localities about southeast of the village . The federal highway 62 runs north past the village in a north-west-south-east direction .

From left to right the districts of Kleinseelheim, Bauerbach (to Marburg), Großseelheim, Schönbach, Niederwald , Anzefahr, Betziesdorf (in the background), Stausebach and Kirchhain as well as Himmelsberg (left behind) can be seen.

history

Niederwald was first mentioned in a document in 1243. The village nobleman Berthold von Niederwald was the financial administrator of the Haina monastery in 1253 . There was a mill since 1282, a second is mentioned for 1356. The millet mill was built around 1700 and existed until 1846.

On February 1, 1971, the previously independent municipality of Niederwald was incorporated into the district of Kirchhain as part of the regional reform in Hesse .

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Niederwald was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

before 1567: Holy Roman Empire , Landgraviate of Hesse , Marburg Office , Kirchhain court (Kirchhain court consisted of the following locations: Kirchhain, Langenstein and Niederwald)
from 1567: Holy Roman Empire, Landgraviate Hessen-Marburg , Marburg Office, Kirchhain Court
1604–1648: Holy Roman Empire, disputed between Landgraviate Hessen-Darmstadt and Landgraviate Hessen-Kassel ( Hessenkrieg ), Marburg Office, Kirchhain court
from 1648: Holy Roman Empire, Landgraviate Hessen-Kassel, Marburg Office, Kirchhain Court
from 1592: Holy Roman Empire, Landgraviate Hessen-Kassel, Kirchhain office
from 1803: Holy Roman Empire, Electorate of Hesse , Kirchhain office
from 1806: Electorate of Hesse, Kirchhain office
1807–1813: Kingdom of Westphalia , department of Werra , district of Marburg , canton of Kirchhain
from 1815: German Confederation , Electorate of Hesse, Province of Upper Hesse , Kirchhain Office
from 1821: German Confederation, Electorate of Hesse, Province of Upper Hesse , District of Kirchhain (separation of justice ( Justice Office Kirchhain ) and administration)
from 1848: German Confederation, Electorate of Hesse, Marburg district
from 1851: German Confederation, Electorate of Hesse, Province of Upper Hesse, District of Kirchhain
from 1866: North German Confederation , Kingdom of Prussia , Hesse-Nassau Province , Kassel District, Kirchhain District
from 1871: German Empire , Kingdom of Prussia, Province of Hessen-Nassau, District of Kassel, District of Kirchhain
from 1918: German Empire, Free State of Prussia , Province of Hessen-Nassau, Administrative District of Kassel, District of Kirchhain
from 1932: German Empire, Free State of Prussia, Province of Hessen-Nassau, Administrative District of Kassel, District of Marburg
from 1944: German Empire, Free State of Prussia, Province of Kurhessen , District of Marburg
from 1945: American zone of occupation , Greater Hesse , Kassel district, Marburg district
from 1949: Federal Republic of Germany , State of Hesse , Kassel district, Marburg district
on February 1, 1971 Niederwald was incorporated as a district of the newly formed township of Kirchhain.
1974: Federal Republic of Germany, Land Hessen, Kassel , Marburg-Biedenkopf
from 1981: Federal Republic of Germany, State of Hesse, Gießen district, Marburg-Biedenkopf district

Courts since 1821

With an edict of June 29, 1821, administration and justice were separated in Kurhessen. Now judicial offices were responsible for the first instance jurisdiction, the administration was taken over by the districts. The Kirchhain district was responsible for the administration and the Kirchhain Justice Office was responsible for Niederwald as the court of first instance. The Supreme Court was the Higher Appeal Court in Kassel . The higher court of Marburg was subordinate to the province of Upper Hesse. It was the second instance for the Kirchhain Justice Office.

After the annexation of Kurhessen by Prussia, the justice office became the royal Prussian district court in Kirchhain . In June 1867 a royal decree was issued that reorganized the court system in the former Duchy of Nassau and the parts of the area that had previously belonged to the Grand Duchy of Hesse. The previous judicial authorities were to be repealed and replaced by local courts in the first, district courts in the second and an appeal court in the third instance. In the course of this, on September 1, 1867, the previous judicial office was renamed the Kirchhain District Court. The courts of the higher authorities were the Marburg District Court and the Kassel Court of Appeal .

With the entry into force of the Courts Constitution Act of 1879, the district court continued to exist under his name. In the Federal Republic of Germany, the superordinate instances are the Marburg Regional Court , the Frankfurt am Main Higher Regional Court and the Federal Court of Justice as the last instance.

population

Population development

Occupied population figures up to 1967 are:

• 1502:	21 men
• 1577:	49 house seats
• 1604:	41 house seats
• 1629:	43 house seats (3 five-in-hand, 6 four-in-hand, 3 two-in-hand, 4 single-horse farm workers, 26 one-horse men )
• 1697:	29 house seats
• 1838:	362 residents (87 local residents who are entitled to use, 35 residents who are not entitled to use, 16 residents ).

Niederwald: Population from 1768 to 1967
year		Residents
1768	301
1834	361
1840	389
1846	365
1852	401
1858	394
1864	382
1871	386
1875	410
1885	425
1895	406
1905	443
1910	438
1925	461
1939	507
1946	692
1950	674
1956	637
1961	615
1967	648
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968. Other sources:

Religious affiliation

Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1861:	all residents evangelical-Lutheran
• 1885:	424 Protestant (= 99.76%), one Catholic (= 0.24%) residents
• 1961:	588 Protestant (= 95.61%), 26 Catholic (= 4.23%) residents

Gainful employment

Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1768:	Employed workers: 3 blacksmiths, 2 landlords, 2 wagons, 2 tailors, 1 bender , 1 bricklayer, 2 carpenters, 1 miller, 1 linen weaver, 5 day laborers, 4 day laborers.
• 1838:	Families: 65 agriculture, 61 businesses, 10 day laborers.
• 1961:	Labor force: 127 agriculture and forestry, 115 manufacturing, 36 trade and transport, 34 services and other.

societies

The following Niederwälder associations shape village life:

Bayern fan club Ohmtal e. V.
Niederwald fraternity
Women's gymnastics group of the VfR 1920 Niederwald
Niederwald village beautification association
Niederwald volunteer fire department
Niederwald church choir
Men's Choir 1884 Niederwald
Trombone Choir Niederwald
VfR 1920 Niederwald

Infrastructure

In Niederwald there is a church, a village community center, a primary school, a kindergarten, a fire station with a training room, a barbecue hut and various sports facilities. There are several gravel pits to the east of the village.

Web links

Commons : Niederwald - collection of images, videos and audio files

Niederwald district. In: Internet presence. City of Kirchhain; accessed in September 2018
Niederwald, Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
Literature about Niederwald in the Hessian Bibliography

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Niederwald, Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of May 24, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
↑ Budget 2018. In: Internet presence. Stadt Kirchhain, p. 3 , archived from the original ; accessed in May 2018 .
^ Municipal reform: mergers and integration of municipalities from January 20, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 6 , p. 248 , point 328, paragraph 54 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.2 MB ]).
^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 402 .
^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. Accessed September 2018(Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
^ Georg Landau: Description of the Electorate of Hesse . T. Fischer, Kassel 1842, p. 413 ( online at HathiTrust's digital library ).
↑ The affiliation of the Kirchhain office based on maps from the Historical Atlas of Hesse : Hessen-Marburg 1567–1604 . , Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt 1604–1638 . and Hessen-Darmstadt 1567–1866 .
^ Kur-Hessischer Staats- und Adress-Kalender: 1818 . Publishing house d. Orphanage, Kassel 1818, p. 115 ( online at Google Books ).
↑ Ordinance of August 30th, 1821, concerning the new division of the area , Annex: Overview of the new division of the Electorate of Hesse according to provinces, districts and judicial districts. Collection of laws etc. for the Electoral Hesse states. Year 1821 - No. XV. - August. ( kurhess GS 1821) pp. 223-224 .

↑ Latest news from Meklenburg / Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities, edited from the best sources. in the publishing house of the GHG privil. Landes-Industrie-Comptouts, Weimar 1823, p. 158 ff . ( online at HathiTrust's digital library ).

↑ Ordinance on the constitution of the courts in the former Duchy of Nassau and the former Grand Ducal Hessian territories excluding the Meisenheim district of June 26, 1867. ( PrGS 1867, pp. 1094–1103 )

↑ Order of August 7, 1867, regarding the establishment of the according to the Most High Ordinance of June 26th J. in the former Duchy of Nassau and the former Grand Ducal Hessian territories, with the exclusion of the Oberamtsbezirks Meisenheim, courts to be formed ( Pr. JMBl. Pp. 218-220 )

[lagis-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Niederwald, Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of May 24, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).

[2] Budget 2018. In: Internet presence. Stadt Kirchhain, p. 3 , archived from the original ; accessed in May 2018 .

[3] Municipal reform: mergers and integration of municipalities from January 20, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 6 , p. 248 , point 328, paragraph 54 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.2 MB ]).

[4] Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 402 .

[5] Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. Accessed September 2018(Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).

[KF-Hessen-6] Georg Landau: Description of the Electorate of Hesse . T. Fischer, Kassel 1842, p. 413 ( online at HathiTrust's digital library ).

[Amt-7] The affiliation of the Kirchhain office based on maps from the Historical Atlas of Hesse : Hessen-Marburg 1567–1604 . , Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt 1604–1638 . and Hessen-Darmstadt 1567–1866 .

[KHK1818-8] Kur-Hessischer Staats- und Adress-Kalender: 1818 . Publishing house d. Orphanage, Kassel 1818, p. 115 ( online at Google Books ).

[9] Ordinance of August 30th, 1821, concerning the new division of the area , Annex: Overview of the new division of the Electorate of Hesse according to provinces, districts and judicial districts. Collection of laws etc. for the Electoral Hesse states. Year 1821 - No. XV. - August. ( kurhess GS 1821) pp. 223-224 .

[NK-10] Latest news from Meklenburg / Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities, edited from the best sources. in the publishing house of the GHG privil. Landes-Industrie-Comptouts, Weimar 1823, p. 158 ff . ( online at HathiTrust's digital library ).

[11] Ordinance on the constitution of the courts in the former Duchy of Nassau and the former Grand Ducal Hessian territories excluding the Meisenheim district of June 26, 1867. ( PrGS 1867, pp. 1094–1103 )

[12] Order of August 7, 1867, regarding the establishment of the according to the Most High Ordinance of June 26th J. in the former Duchy of Nassau and the former Grand Ducal Hessian territories, with the exclusion of the Oberamtsbezirks Meisenheim, courts to be formed ( Pr. JMBl. Pp. 218-220 )