Haina Monastery

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Haina Cistercian Abbey
Haina Monastery
Haina Monastery
location GermanyGermany Germany
Hessen
Lies in the diocese once Mainz ; today Fulda
Coordinates: 51 ° 1 '46.9 "  N , 8 ° 58' 35.4"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 1 '46.9 "  N , 8 ° 58' 35.4"  E
Serial number
according to Janauschek 		485
founding year 1144 by Benedictines
Cistercian since 1150
Year of dissolution /
annulment 		1527
Mother monastery Altenberg Abbey
Primary Abbey Morimond Monastery
In the church

The monastery Haina (lat .: Abbatia Haina or Heinensis Abbatia .. And the like) is a former Cistercian - Abbey in Haina at the Wohra in Hesse Kellerwald . In the early Gothic monastery there is now a center for social psychiatry. Due to the Gothic painting, the church is one of the most important early Gothic architectural monuments in Germany . The complex is surrounded by the Stamford garden .

history

Foundation and construction

After the foundation of a Benedictine monastery on the Aulesburg around 1140 near the village of Löhlbach by Count Poppo I von Reichenbach and his son-in-law Volkwin II von Schwalenberg , the monastery was handed over to the Cistercian monastery Kamp on the Lower Rhine in 1150 . Three convents from Kamp tried in vain to put the monastery on a stable basis at this point, but then withdrew. As the legal requirements also had to be clarified, the actual monastery was only founded in 1188, when the Cistercian abbey was founded on the Aulesburg as the fourth daughter of the Altenberg Cistercian monastery near Cologne .

In 1201, the convent acquired the entire property and property of the village of Haina in the milder valley basin on the Wohra in front of the Haina Mountains, around 4 kilometers away, through purchase and exchange contracts . The village was dissolved and converted into a monastery property managed by the monks. The six farming families previously resident there received monastery land in other villages and cash compensation to build new farms. In 1215 the Aulesburg monastery itself was relocated to Haina after Count Heinrich II. Von Reichenbach , Poppos I's great-nephew, had renounced all rights to the properties transferred to the monastery the year before and announced the sale of the village of Haina to the monastery . Especially after the entry of Count Heinrich III. von Reichenbach, Poppos I's grandson, moved to the monastery in 1231, and it experienced an upswing. In the course of time, the monks acquired extensive free float through donations, barter and trade, which stretched from the Weser to the Main and the Kinzig .

Around 1216 they began building the early Gothic monastery church. The Romanesque choir was consecrated as early as 1224; the entire sacred complex, however, was not completed as a hall church until 1328 . According to Cistercian rule, the church initially had no towers over the crossing , but only roof turrets . Likewise, pictures, sculptures, colored glass windows and crosses and other decorations were originally dispensed with. This principle was only deviated from in later construction phases. In 1744 a baroque turret was placed on the crossing ; the neo-Gothic tower was not built until 1889 as part of extensive renovation work, when the cloister was also vaulted . The remains of the stained glass from the gray ornamental carpet pattern and the carved choir stalls date from the 13th and 14th centuries . In one of the gussets of the east window, the creator of the stained glass is named "Lupuldus frater". The art-historically significant Gothic paintings by an anonymous artist date from the 14th century. The wall tabernacle from the 14th century is attributed to the sculptor Tyle von Frankenberg based on a signature .

The monastery had farms in the surrounding towns in order to sell agricultural products from its agriculture there. This included the Hainer Hof in Frankfurt am Main .

secularization

The Philippstein

Landgrave Philipp I dissolved the abbey after the Reformation in the Landgraviate of Hesse and founded one of four high hospitals in Haina for the poor rural population in August 1533 . Haina was one of the two for men. The entire former monastery property was retained in the hospital so that the costs could be met from the proceeds. Coming from Kassel, the Landgrave inaugurated the Merxhausen State Hospital for female patients on August 26 and then traveled on to Haina, where he inaugurated the State Hospital for men.

In 1539 the anatomist Johann Dryander practiced there, and from 1540 to 1543 the chronicler Wigand Lauze was head of the hospital. The Renaissance sculptor Philipp Soldan created the grave monument for the headmaster Heinz von Lüder and in 1542 the "Philippstein" in the monastery church. The crucifix above the chancel dates from the 16th century.

Poet and painter

Birthplace of Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein

On January 6, 1488, the poet Helius Eobanus Hessus was born as the son of an employee of the Haina monastery in the nearby village of Halgehausen ; he received his first basic education from the monks in Haina. The artistic importance of Haina is evidenced by the birth and training of several artists from the Tischbein painter dynasty. First the baroque painter Johann Valentin Tischbein was born in Haina on December 11, 1715 , then the rococo painter Johann Heinrich Tischbein on October 3, 1722 as the son of the monastery baker , the engraver Johann Heinrich Tischbein the Younger in 1742 and finally the painter on February 15, 1751 Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein , who portrayed Goethe several times. The draftsman and copper engraver Anton Wilhelm Strack was born in Haina on October 10, 1758 .

About the First World War

The Haina State Hospital was placed under local government in the Kassel administrative district in 1869. In 1929 it became the state sanatorium and nursing home for the mentally ill.

With the beginning of the First World War , a hospital for around 40 soldiers was set up in Haina. The patients' lives worsened due to the poor nutritional situation. “The death rate of the patients rose almost three times the pre-war time with falling occupancy. The number of recordings fell drastically. "

Between 1909 and 1915 there were an average of 900 patients and in 1919 only 565. In 1914, 67 of the 888 patients died, while in 1918 of 565 patients, 149 died.

In the 1920s, the active treatment of the sick by Herman Simon (1867-1947) prevailed. The aim at that time was already a kind of modern work and occupational therapy. New methods of shock were used in the 1930s. "Both electric shocks and insulin cures have been documented for Haina since the 1930s ."

time of the nationalsocialism

Memorial of the euthanasia victims in the forest cemetery of the community of Haina (monastery) with the inscription: “ In memory of the helpless sick who died here during the time of National Socialism 1933-1945. Her death is a warning and an obligation for us. "

"The darkest period in psychiatry began in 1933 when the National Socialists came to power ." In 1937, the Führer principle began in Hesse . In 1939 “the extermination campaign against the prison inmates began. They were systematically recorded using a registration form and, under the pretense of war-important reasons, were first transferred to interim and then to killing facilities. ”The euthanasia murders during the Nazi era also affected Haina. From 1934, patients were forcibly sterilized . The number of patients rose to 1200 during that time. "Despite the increasing occupancy, the staff was not increased - on the contrary, when the war began, many nurses had to do military service."

When the war began , a reserve hospital with 562 beds was set up. In 1941, 500 prisoners of war were added, and from "1943 wounded German soldiers were cared for in Haina."

The death rate in Haina rose from four percent before the start of the war to 13.8 (1940), 11.3% (1944) and 17.3% (1945). "Nevertheless, the number of deceased was still below the quota of state hospitals that are clearly identifiable as killing institutions, including Weilmünster near Weilburg with a death rate of 40%."

Patients were killed in Haina. "The 30 Jewish patients [...] were brought to a collecting facility in Giessen ." 434 patients were transferred to Idstein and Weilmünster. "Shortly afterwards, 411 patients were bused to the Hadamar killing center ". In April 1944 “17 men were transferred to the Mauthausen concentration camp near Linz (Austria) 'for destruction through work'.” Two patients survived.

According to Christina Vanja, the nursing staff should not have been convinced of the racial hygiene.

The central memorial of the State Welfare Association of Hesse in Hadamar has been commemorating the victims of Nazi crimes since 1983 . There is also a memorial stone for the victims in the cemetery in Haina.

After 1945

The cloister

In Haina it was "until the early 1950s for high mortality to decline".

The Hainer director Erich Zeiß (1886–1971) “was involved in the program of the murder of the sick during the war years by transferring patients”. From 1948 to 1952, Erich Zeiß was again director in Haina after his denazification . Christina Vanja points out that he "had 233 patients (over 30%) put back from the transports" because they were needed as workers in Haina.

From 1953 the facility was operated as the "Haina Psychiatric Hospital" by the State Welfare Association of Hesse. The traditional male hospital now also accepted women, the therapeutic offer was expanded, residential groups were formed from some hospital wards, and the large bed rooms were replaced by multi-bed rooms.

Vitos Haina

Today the hospital, formerly the Haina Center for Social Psychiatry, is operated by Vitos GmbH . Vitos Haina is divided into four departments:

  • Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (KfPP, formerly Psychiatric Hospital)
  • Clinic for Forensic Psychiatry (KffP, formerly Clinic for Forensic Psychiatry), with forensic-psychiatric outpatient clinic in Hessen
  • Special Education Institution (HPE)
  • Supporting psychiatric service (BPD, formerly residential and nursing home)

The wards and residential groups are spread over a number of historical buildings and numerous buildings that were only built in the days of psychiatry. In 2008 a new station was built.

The original monastery complex with the monastery church, the Konversenbau, the cloister and the conventual building now houses the central kitchen, the staff casino, offices of the KffP and KfPP, and is also used for museum and representative purposes.

Psychiatry Museum

The Haina Psychiatry Museum , which documents 500 years of psychiatric history , has been located in the parlature of the monastery, the former consulting room of the monks .

List of the abbots of Haina

  • Gottschalk 1196-1201
  • R. 1201
  • Wilhelm 1214-1220
  • Wigand 1220-1235 / 37
  • John 1237 / 42-1245
  • Arnold 1247
  • Werner 1251-1266
  • Gerhard 1267-1268
  • Heinrich 1270-1272
  • Hermann 1273
  • Ludwig 1274
  • Heinrich 1275–1287
  • Bertram 1288-1298
  • William 1304
  • Gerhard 1307
  • Ludwig Sleder 1308-1312
  • Siegfried 1316
  • Hertwig 1319-1329
  • Celebs 1341
  • Gerhard von Buchhain 1342–1351 / 56
  • Ludwig 1368
  • Johann von Röddenau 1372–1374
  • Hermann of Cologne 1374–1377
  • Hermann von Gilsa 1378–1384
  • Johann 1392-1393
  • Heinrich 1395-1400
  • Statius Chicken 1406-1434
  • Johann (es) Kammermann 1437–1441
  • Nicholas 1444-1448
  • Johann Gaugrebe 1448–1469 / 70
  • Johannes Fischbach 1470–1507
  • Ludwig Snyders von Wetter 1489–1491
  • Dietmar von Wetter 1508–1527 / 29
  • Johannes Falkenberg von Gladenbach 1529–1558 (only titular abbot )
  • Hermann Angelicus Coloniensis (from Cologne) 1558–1574 (only titular abbot)

Historical lore

Most of the original sources (documents, files, official books) are kept in the Hessian State Archives in Marburg and in the Haina Hospital Archives , a branch of the Archives of the State Welfare Association of Hesse . For the very complicated narrative history see:

  • Wilhelm Dersch: Hessisches Klosterbuch (VHKH Vol. 12), Marburg 1940, Reprint Marburg 2000, pp. 65–68.
  • Arnd Friedrich: Haina ; in: Friedhelm Jürgensmeier, Regina Elisabeth Schwerdtfeger (ed.): The monastic and nunnery monasteries of the Cistercians in Hesse and Thuringia (Germania Benedictina vol. IV / 2), Munich 2011, pp. 947–950 - the original article by Arnd Friedrich includes more than 100 pages and is listed here in very abbreviated form
  • Eckart G. Franz: Haina monastery, registers and documents . Vol. 1: 1144-1300 (VHKH Vol. 9/5), Marburg 1962. - Vol. 2: 1300-1560 (1648), 1st half: Regesten (VHKH Vol. 9/6/1), Marburg 1970. - Vol. 2: 1300–1560 (1648), 2nd half: Texts and indices, supplements and corrections (VHKH Vol. 9/6/2), Marburg 1998.

See also

literature

  • Arnd Friedrich , Michael Burger : Haina Monastery. Regensburg 2008 ( Schnell + Steiner Great Art Guide. Volume 237).
  • Arnd Friedrich : The restoration of the monastery church in Haina from 1843-1858 ; in: Altenberger Blätter. Contributions from the past and present of Altenberg, issue 20, April 2003, p. 44 ff
  • Arnd Friedrich : Haina Monastery ; in the series: The Blue Books; Königstein im Taunus 1987, ISBN 3-7845-4600-5
  • Friedhelm Haring , Hans J. Klein : DuMont Art Travel Guide Hesse. 1979, p. 100.
  • Greaves - Travel Guide Volume 230, Upper Hesse Kurhessen and Waldeck. Thiemig, Munich 1981, pp. 120-121.
  • Eduard Brauns: Hiking and travel guide North Hesse and Waldeck. Bernecker, Melsungen 1971, pp. 181-182.
  • Erich Anhalt: The Frankenberg district. History of its courts, lordships and offices from prehistoric times to the 19th century. Marburg 1928, p. 133.
  • Dennis Majewski: Cistercian legal landscapes. Dobrilugk and Haina monasteries in space and time. Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main, ISBN 978-3-465-04330-0 .
  • Martin Röhling: The story of the counts of Nidda and the counts of Ziegenhain. Ed. Niddaer Heimatmuseum. Nidda 2005, ISBN 3-9803915-9-0 (= Niddaer Geschichtsblätter. 9.)
  • Christina Vanja : Haina Psychiatry Museum. Imhof, Petersberg 2009, ISBN 3-865-68552-8 .
  • Gury Schneider-Ludorff : The Cistercian monastery Haina in transition to the Reformation , in: Cistercienser-Chronik , 125 Jg. (2018), pp. 4-19.
  • Ludwig Lotzenius: History of the Hessian offices Battenberg and weather. Arranged by Matthias Seim. Battenberg history association in conjunction with the Wetter history association, Battenberg 2013.

Web links

Commons : Haina Monastery  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Röhling, p. 22.
  2. ↑ Röhling, p. 22.
  3. ↑ Christina Vanja : Haina Psychiatry Museum. Imhof, Petersberg 2009, ISBN 3-865-68552-8 , p. 79 and online
  4. ↑ Christina Vanja, p. 80
  5. ↑ Christina Vanja, p. 81
  6. ↑ Christina Vanja, p. 82
  7. ↑ Christina Vanja, p. 84
  8. ↑ Christina Vanja, p. 84
  9. ↑ Christina Vanja, p. 87 and online
  10. ↑ Christina Vanja, p. 87
  11. ↑ Christina Vanja, p. 87
  12. ↑ Christina Vanja, p. 88
  13. ↑ Christina Vanja, p. 88
  14. ↑ Christina Vanja, p. 88
  15. ↑ Christina Vanja, p. 88
  16. ↑ Christina Vanja, p. 89
  17. ↑ Christina Vanja, p. 90
  18. ↑ Christina Vanja, p. 90
  19. ↑ Eckart Roloff and Karin Henke-Wendt : A monastery hospital for "mad people" and "crazy people in the main". In: Visit your doctor or pharmacist. A tour through Germany's museums for medicine and pharmacy. Volume 2, Southern Germany. Verlag S. Hirzel , Stuttgart 2015, pp. 193-195, ISBN 978-3-7776-2511-9
  20. ↑ Overview of part of the document  inventory (HStAM inventory 220> Landeshospital Haina (see also inventory 228)). In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen), accessed on January 11, 2012.