Johann Dryander

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Illustration from Jean-Jacques Boissard's Bibliotheca chalcographica (1597)

Johann Dryander ( Johann Eichmann or Eychmann , graced Johannes Dryander , born June 27, 1500 in Wetter , † December 20, 1560 in Marburg ) was a German anatomist , doctor , mathematician and astronomer as well as professor of medicine in Marburg. He became known in medical history through his early sections in German-speaking countries. In 1535 he carried out the first scientific opening of bodies in Hesse.

Life

Dryander studied at the University of Erfurt from 1518 and became the famulus of the medical doctor Euricius Cordus . He then continued his studies in Bourges and from 1528 to 1533 in Paris . In Paris he gave lectures on mathematics and astronomy . He participated in several openings of corpses . After receiving his medical doctorate in Mainz or Paris in 1533 , he became the personal physician of Archbishop Johann von Metzenhausen in Koblenz and Trier . In 1535 Johann Dryander was appointed professor for mathematics and medicine at the University of Marburg , where he (1536?) Received the chair of mathematics and later the medical one. There he was also appointed rector several times.

Johann Dryander advocated the medical reform of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel and introduced the leprosy show in 1539 . In Marburg he held a total of four teaching sections (June 1, 1535, March 1, 1536, first half of 1539 and in 1558), which are among the earliest in Germany. He practiced as a doctor in 1539 at the state hospitals of Haina Monastery and Merxhausen Monastery . In addition, as one of the first specialist book authors, Johann Dryander published the knowledge he gained in textbooks illustrated with woodcuts . Some of the woodcuts in his books were made by the engraver and painter Hans Brosamer . In 1536 and 1537 he published anatomical textbooks which contain illustrations based on the sections carried out in Marburg and which appeared before the famous Tabulae anatomicae sex (1538) by Andreas Vesalius (In a publication from 1541, Dryander and his editor Egenolff also used illustrations from Vesal ). As an astronomer, Johann Dryander excelled as the author of widely used textbooks with descriptions and use of astronomical instruments. In 1538 his important astronomical work Astrolabii canones brevissimi was published .

In 1554 he fled to Frankenberg (Eder) from the plague that was rampant in Marburg . Here, the as took Sommelier known Professor twelve hundredweight in barrels stored wine with for their own use.

In 1557 Johann Dryander initiated the printing of the generally considered first travelogue "Warhaftige Historia und beschreibung eyner Landtschetzt der wild, naked, grim man-eater Leuthen in the Newenwelt America" ​​of the Brazil traveler Hans Staden . In 1557, Count Philipp II of Nassau-Saarbrücken sold the Marburg professor of medicine, Dr. Johann Dryander called Eichmann and his wife Susanna a removable pension of 50 guilders for 1000 guilders to the Gleiberg winery , which was continued to be paid to his widow after Dryander's death.

After his death in 1560, Marburg's only medical chair remained vacant for five years, despite the university's efforts to find a successor.

family

Johann Dryander was married to Susanna Reichwin († after 1569) from "Mundbaurn" ( Montabaur ) - a relative (sister or cousin) of the doctor Simon Reichwein von Montabaur , who became Dryander's successor as personal doctor to the Elector of Trier around 1535.

The son Caspar Dryander (1538-1612) married Felicitas Geltenhauer in 1580, a daughter of Gerhard Geldenhauer and sister of Gerhard Eobanus Geldenhauer . He was the Landgrave of Hesse customs clerk (highest head of the customs administration in Hessen-Rheinfels and Hessen-Kassel ). Katharina Dryander, a daughter (sister?) Johann Dryander, married the pastor Johannes Pincier (1521–1591) in Wetter around 1544 ; they were the parents-in-law of the Graecist Friedrich Sylburg . Johannes Pincier's sister was married to Eucharius Dryander, a brother of Johann Dryander.

The Hessian Vice Chancellor Valentin Breul d. Ä. (* around 1500/05; † 1547), who came from a Lichtenau family and was born in Allendorf , wrote a foreword on August 20, 1537 in which he referred to Dryander as his "friendly dear brother-in-law ". From this note, in ignorance of the different documentary evidence in older literature, it was wrongly concluded that Dryander's wife and widow Susanna from Montabaur with the surname "Breul" was called.

coat of arms

Divided, boy growing above, each with an acorn in his raised hands. The coat of arms can be found on the epitaph of Caspar Dryander and his wife Felicitas Geltenhauer in the Evangelical Collegiate Church of St. Goar . Among the other ancestral coats of arms of Caspar Dryander there seems to be the coat of arms carried by the Reichwein zu Montabaur (sloping bar, accompanied by two lilies).

Fonts

  • Anatomia capitis humani. Marburg 1536.
  • Anatomiae, hoc est, corporis humani dissectionis pars prior. Marburg 1537.
  • The whole medical content, which means that a doctor is entitled in the theory and practice, with advertised doctors, on all physical ailments, through natural means, besides the human body anatomy, warholds contrafeyt, and describes; All doctors, and to be at peace with oneself, and for one's needs, need to be useful, to have and to know. Ch.Egenolff , Frankfurt am Main 1542 ( Digatilisat der BSB ).
  • Practicing book, Ausserlesener art scene piece. Like all physical ailments and illnesses that people may be curated and cured by natural means ... Frankfurt am Main: Verlag Christian Egenolphs Erben 1589. (Facsimile print Antiqua-Verlag Lindau 1979)
  • To make Sonnawern all kinds of artificial. Marburg 1543.
  • Cylindri usus et canones . Marburg 1543.
  • From the Eymss bath, what nature has in you. How to stay in it. Also for whatever illness it should be used. [...]. Peter Iordan, Mainz 1535.
    • From the Eymsser bath. What nature is in jm. How to stay in it. Also what kind of sickness it should be used. Jakob Cammerlander , Strasbourg 1541 ( online ).
  • as publisher: Mondino dei Luzzi : Anatomia Mundini. Adsunt et scholia non indocta, quae prolixorum commentariorum vice esse possunt. Egenolff, Marburg 1541
    Commons : Digitized  - collection of images, videos and audio files
    .

literature

Web links

Commons : Johann Dryander  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hessian biography .
  2. ^ Rolf Heyers: Dr. Georg Marius, called Mayer von Würzburg (1533-1606). (Dental) medical dissertation Würzburg 1957, p. 33 f.
  3. ↑ Ralf Kern: Scientific instruments in their time. Volume 1: From astrolabe to mathematical cutlery. König, Cologne 2010, p. 316.
  4. ^ Rolf Heyers: Dr. Georg Marius, called Mayer von Würzburg (1533-1606). (Dental) medical dissertation Würzburg 1957, p. 34.
  5. ↑ a b c documents between May 3, 1557 and June 30, 1569; Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden (stock 166 Amt Gleiberg, No. U 260, U 338, U 387, U 431, U 441, U 462 and U 474); Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg (holdings 17 d Landgravial Hessian Government Kassel: family repository, von Nordeck, No. 5; holdings 257 Samtgerichthof, No. E 27).
  6. ^ Rolf Heyers: Dr. Georg Marius, called Mayer von Würzburg (1533-1606). (Dental) medical dissertation Würzburg 1957, p. 25 f.
  7. ↑ a b Oskar Hütteroth: The Old Hessen pastors of the Reformation period . NG Elwert, Marburg 1966, pp. 99 and 263f.
  8. ↑ Suzanne Stelling-Michaud (ed.): Le livre du Recteur de l'Académie de Genève (1559-1878) . (Travaux d'humanisme et Renaissance 33/6), Vol. VI, Droz, Geneva 1980, p. 368.
  9. ↑ Johann Feige's nephew , enrolled in Erfurt in 1520, initially a cleric, enrolled in Marburg as secretary of the court in 1531, later a Hessian councilor, married to Alheid (Eyla) Jeude, c. Orth; Adolf Stölzel: The development of the learned judiciary in German territories , Vol. I. Cotta, Stuttgart 1872, p. 413; Anja Freckmann: The library of the Bursfelde monastery in the late Middle Ages . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2006, p. 66f, note 22 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
  10. ^ Johann Dryander: A new Artzney vnnd Practicir Büchlin von allerley kranckheiten. Schumann, Leipzig 1538 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich).
  11. ↑ So u. a. still Dryander, Johannes. Hessian biography. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  12. ↑ a b Eberhard J. Nikitsch: German inscriptions 60, Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis I, No. 304; see. No. 296 ( digitized at www.inschriften.net).
personal data
SURNAME Dryander, Johann
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Eichmann, Johann (real name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German anatomist, doctor, mathematician and astronomer
DATE OF BIRTH June 27, 1500
PLACE OF BIRTH Weather
DATE OF DEATH December 20, 1560
Place of death Marburg