Schönbach (Kirchhain)

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Schönbach
City of Kirchhain
Kirchhain coat of arms
Coordinates: 50 ° 49 ′ 56 ″  N , 8 ° 51 ′ 20 ″  E
Height : 199 m
Area : 2.46 km²
Residents : 360  (Jun. 30, 2017)
Population density : 146 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st February 1971
Postal code : 35274
Area code : 06422

Schönbach is the westernmost district of Kirchhain in the central Hessian district of Marburg-Biedenkopf .

geography

The village lies on the slopes of two elevations that protrude into the Amöneburg basin as the foothills of the Lahn Mountains . The Schönbach rises in a depression formed by these elevations not far from the village and flows into the Ohm after about 900 meters .

history

A boundary stone with the Mainz wheel from 1756

prehistory

The first traces of settlement in Schönbach go back to the Hallstatt period. Thus, several were on the Reichert in the construction of the sports ground burial mounds by the then director of Prehistory and Early History in Marburg Gero von Merhart exposed. Remains of several urn burials were also found within the village during construction work , which can now be seen in the University Museum of Marburg Castle . Remnants of an even older, Late Bronze Age house were discovered during the construction of a gas pipeline between Schönbach and Großseelheim .

middle Ages

Schönbach is as Saynenbach first time in 1248 in a lifting role of the archbishopric Mainz mentioned. Presumably the village, or at least the mill, was founded in Franconian times . The name Saynenbach possibly goes back to the Latin term saga (safety net) and would at the same time suggest fishing in the area of ​​today's village. 1256 received the German Order in Marburg by Konrad von Marburg goods held in Schönbach. This was followed by further acquisitions of goods by the order in 1261 and 1270. In 1358 the order had a farm with 59 acres of arable land and 5 acres of meadows. In 1361 the Mainz property was leased to a Friedrich von Schönbach. Perhaps a local nobility can also be grasped with it. The two field names Niederndorf in the north of Schönbach and Machthuser Lache south of the Grindelmühle indicate desolate settlements . A plebanus was first mentioned for Schönbach in 1295. Until the Reformation, Schönbach was parish off to Bauerbach , of which the “Schöbacher Pforte” can still be seen in the local church “St. Cyriacus ”testifies. In the course of the Reformation it was then subordinate to the Großseelheim Church from 1577 at the latest. That is why there is also a “Schönbacher Pforte” in this church. Politically, Schönbach belonged to Hesse-Marburg after the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided in 1567 . After this house died out and the turmoil of the Hessian War , it became part of Hessen-Kassel in 1648 at the latest and bordered the Catholic districts of Bauerbach , Ginseldorf and Anzefahr in Mainz . Boundary stones with the Mainz wheel and the Hessian lion still bear witness to the former state border . At the beginning of the 16th century the place had just under 20 inhabitants, this number rose to around 150 by the beginning of the 20th century and to over 200 inhabitants by the middle of the 20th century.

Modern times

The dam

In the years from 1952 to 1955, the dam of the 900 hectare Ohm retention basin with a maximum capacity of 15 million cubic meters was built near Schönbach.

Since the late 1970s, the population has continued to increase due to the development of the new development areas Am Heydwolf , Tannenweg and Am Pieckacker . The village currently has 387 inhabitants.

Panorama of Schönbach and the Amöneburg Basin

On February 1, 1971, the previously independent municipality of Schönbach was incorporated into the city of Kirchhain as part of the regional reform in Hesse .

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Schönbach was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Courts since 1821

With an edict of June 29, 1821, administration and justice were separated in Kurhessen. Now judicial offices were responsible for the first instance jurisdiction, the administration was taken over by the districts. The Kirchhain district was responsible for the administration and the Kirchhain Justice Office was the court of first instance for Schönbach. The Supreme Court was the Higher Appeal Court in Kassel . The higher court of Marburg was subordinate to the province of Upper Hesse. It was the second instance for the Kirchhain Justice Office.

After the annexation of Kurhessen by Prussia, the justice office became the royal Prussian district court in Kirchhain . In June 1867, a royal ordinance was issued that reorganized the court system in the areas that belonged to the former Electorate of Hesse. The previous judicial authorities were to be repealed and replaced by local courts in the first, district courts in the second and an appeal court in the third instance. In the course of this, on September 1, 1867, the previous judicial office was renamed the Kirchhain District Court. The courts of the higher authorities were the Marburg District Court and the Kassel Court of Appeal .

With the entry into force of the Courts Constitution Act of 1879, the district court continued to exist under his name. In the Federal Republic of Germany, the superordinate instances are the Marburg Regional Court , the Frankfurt am Main Higher Regional Court and the Federal Court of Justice as the last instance.

population

Population development

Occupied population figures up to 1967 are:

• 1566: 7 people with large, 11 with small ownership.
• 1577: 14 house seats
• 1697: 13 house seats
• 1838: 121 residents (17 local residents who are entitled to use, 7 residents who are not entitled to use, 4  residents ).
Schönbach: Population from 1772 to 1967
year     Residents
1772
  
 148
1834
  
 141
1840
  
 119
1846
  
 147
1852
  
 173
1858
  
 171
1864
  
 172
1871
  
 153
1875
  
 157
1885
  
 150
1895
  
 160
1905
  
 138
1910
  
 147
1925
  
 158
1939
  
 176
1946
  
 270
1950
  
 265
1956
  
 240
1961
  
 210
1967
  
 208
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Other sources:

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1861: all residents evangelical-Lutheran
• 1885: 149 Protestant (= 99.33%), one Catholic (= 0.67%) residents
• 1961: 195 Protestant (= 92.86%), 13 Catholic (= 6.19%) residents

Gainful employment

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1772: Labor force: 1 minstrel, 1 miller, 1 landlord, 6 linen weavers, 3 tailors, 1 blacksmith, 2 wagons.
• 1838: Families: 17 agriculture, 5 businesses, 4 day laborers.
• 1961: Labor force: 54 agriculture and forestry, 35 manufacturing, 14 trade and transport, 7 services and other.

societies

There are the following clubs:

  • Citizens and beautification association Schönbach
  • Schönbach volunteer fire brigade
  • FC 73 Schönbach
  • Straw hat club
  • Women's gymnastics group

Attractions

Grindelmühle

church

The church of Schönbach before the restoration of the roof structure and the outer facade

The half-timbered church of Schönbach dates from the middle of the 15th century. After a historical and dendrochronological study, the roof of the church was built in 1452. An older half-timbered church in Hessen is not known. The church is also one of the few preserved half-timbered churches that survived the Thirty Years War . Oral tradition of the village says that the building with the rectangular floor plan and the steep roof used to be a tithe barn . It is true that the church originally had a storage floor, which was removed during a renovation in favor of the height of the nave . The present foundation was also drawn in later when the sleepers were replaced . The interior of the church is kept very simple and in its current state largely dates from the late 18th century. A cemetery around the church in Schönbach was first mentioned in 1549.

Historical circular hiking trail

In 2018, an approx. 5.5 km long circular hiking trail was set up, which leads past various viewpoints and historical places in the village.

literature

  • Hans-Hermann Reck: The Protestant Church in Kirchhain-Schönbach . In: Denkmalpflege & Kulturgeschichte 4/2016, pp. 31–37.
  • Dieter Werkmüller: 750 years of Schönbach. 1248-1998. Festschrift . Schoenbach 1998.
  • Literature on Schönbach in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Commons : Schönbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Older assumptions that the church dates from the beginning of the 17th century are therefore outdated (cf. for example: I. Bott: Fachwerkkirchen in Hessen , Königstein im Taunus 1987, pp. 13-14; Georg Dehio , edited by Folkhard Cremer , Tobias Michael Wolf and others: Handbook of German Art Monuments, Hessen 1, Gießen and Kassel administrative districts . Deutscher Kunstverlag , 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03092-3 , p. 820).
  2. ↑ So also: Georg Dehio, edited by Folkhard Cremer, Tobias Michael Wolf and others: Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Hessen 1, administrative districts Gießen and Kassel . 2008, p. 820.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Schönbach, Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of May 24, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ Budget 2018. In: Internet presence. Stadt Kirchhain, p. 3 , archived from the original ; accessed in May 2018 .
  3. ^ HA Erhard: Archbishop-Mainzische Heberolle from the thirteenth century , in: Journal for fatherland history and antiquity , Vol. 3, 1840, p. 47.
  4. ↑ Werkmüller, pp. 20–21.
  5. ↑ A. Wyss : Hessisches Urkundenbuch , 1. Abt .: Urkundenbuch der Deutschordensballei Hessen, Volume 1: 1207-1299, in: Publications from the Royal Prussian State Archives , Volume 3, 1879, No. 1292.
  6. ^ Municipal reform: mergers and integration of municipalities from January 20, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 6 , p. 248 , point 328, paragraph 54 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.2 MB ]).
  7. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 402 .
  8. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  9. ^ Georg Landau: Description of the Electorate of Hesse . T. Fischer, Kassel 1842, p. 416 ( online at HathiTrust's digital library ).
  10. ↑ The affiliation of the Kirchhain office based on maps from the Historical Atlas of Hesse : Hessen-Marburg 1567–1604 . , Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt 1604–1638 . and Hessen-Darmstadt 1567–1866 .
  11. ^ Kur-Hessischer Staats- und Adress-Kalender: 1818 . Publishing house d. Orphanage, Kassel 1818, p.  115 ( online at Google Books ).
  12. ↑ Ordinance of August 30th, 1821, concerning the new division of the area , Annex: Overview of the new division of the Electorate of Hesse according to provinces, districts and judicial districts. Collection of laws etc. for the Electoral Hesse states. Year 1821 - No. XV. - August., ( Kurhess GS 1821) pp. 223–224 .
  13. ↑ Latest news from Meklenburg / Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities, edited from the best sources. in the publishing house of the GHG privil. Landes-Industrie-Comptouts., Weimar 1823, p.  158 ff . ( online at HathiTrust's digital library ).
  14. ↑ Ordinance on the constitution of the courts in the former Electorate of Hesse and the formerly Royal Bavarian territories with the exclusion of the enclave Kaulsdorf from June 19, 1867. ( PrGS 1867, pp. 1085-1094 )
  15. ↑ Order of August 7, 1867, regarding the establishment of the according to the Most High Ordinance of June 19 of this year. J. in the former Electorate of Hesse and the formerly Royal Bavarian territorial parts with the exclusion of the enclave Kaulsdorf, courts to be formed ( Pr. JMBl. Pp. 221–224 )
  16. ^ Reck, p. 33.
  17. ↑ Reck, p. 31.
  18. ^ Reck, p. 33.
  19. ^ Reck, p. 33.