Ordensmühle (Anzefahr)

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Main house of the Ordensmühle, on the right the panel-clad barn

The Ordensmühle is a former watermill on the Ohm on the southern outskirts of Anzefahr , a district of the Central Hessian town of Kirchhain in the Marburg-Biedenkopf district . A flour mill was first mentioned in a document in 1362, the buildings of today's listed courtyard are from the 18th and 19th centuries. The mill, which had been modernized and expanded several times, ceased operations in 1955.

Ownership history and naming

The Anzefahrer Mühle was owned by the von Weitershausen family until 1362 , in that year the von Anzefahr owned an eighth. The remaining share went to von Falkenhain two years later , but the entire mill had been leased to Riedesel since 1364 , who had already taken over the share from Anzefahr two years earlier .

The von Rodenhausen mills later took over the mill, and in 1491 it was exchanged for the Teutonic Order in Marburg and has since been called the Order Mill .

Building history and architecture

Entrance to the yard
View from the west, on the left the embankment of the Main-Weser Railway

The current residential and main building of the Ordensmühle was built in 1722 using the frame construction method , the storey offset is clearly pronounced. The original half-hip roof was replaced in 1921 by two mid-height buildings that are completely clad with slate . The front door, however, has been preserved.

The farm buildings on both sides of the courtyard were probably built around 1813 as stables for the horses newly introduced around 1800. Their framework is characterized by man figures with neck bolts and spurs. The basement floors of the farm buildings have been rebuilt in ashlar , and a stone from the courtyard with the year 1588 as an inscription was integrated.

The barn, which is now used as a residential building, is dated to around 1880 due to its construction; like the farm buildings, it has a stone plinth and is completely clad with panels. In the course of the 20th century, a mansard roof was also added , which also changed the appearance.

The entrance to the courtyard is framed by two large sandstone gateposts , each with a sculpture of a lion carrying a shield on a large sandstone slab. One of the signs bears the inscription "Established by Heinrich Josef Kremer on June 8th, 1852", the other sign shows the guild symbols of the millers.

The complex, which is a listed building for historical, cultural and urban planning reasons, includes other buildings from the 20th century, including the former bakery.

Operation and equipment

In 1555, the Ordensmühle was dug up by the Lachenmühle downstream , a predecessor of the Hainmühle near Betziesdorf . The ensuing dispute over water rights was settled in 1582 by relocating the Lachenmühle.

1588 was for Religious mill dam in ohms built, whereupon it to battle against the millers of upriver Grindelwald mill at Schönenbach turn the now and Heym mill was mentioned Betziesdorfer mill. In order to maintain operations even during floods, a flood tunnel was created at the end of the 18th century .

In 1807 the Ordensmühle had three undershot grinders and one beater . Around this time the owners of the mill bought horses in order to better supply their customers. In the middle of the 19th century, the mill was separated from the rest of the town by the Main-Weser Railway , and in 1856 the plant's oil mill was expanded.

In 1903 a turbine was installed to operate the grinders . From 1908 on, it was also able to drive two grinding stones and a bone mill. There was also a butter churn and a milk centrifuge , and from 1920 an electric lighting system was also operated.

In 1945 a bakery was added, but the mill ceased operations ten years later, as the mill had become uneconomical despite the turbine drive. The turbine was no longer used for any other purpose.

After the weir was destroyed by ice in the early 1960s , it was dismantled. The water rights were given up in 1970, then in 1975 the mill ditch was buried. Since then, the building and courtyard have been used for agriculture.

literature

Web links

Commons : Ordensmühle (Anzefahr)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d e Helmuth K. Stoffers: Cultural monuments in Hesse: District of Marburg-Biedenkopf 1. Municipalities of Amöneburg, Kirchhain, Neustadt and Stadtallendorf. Stuttgart 2002, p. 247
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h Working group for rural culture: Mills between Vogelsberg and Burgwald. Cölbe 2003, p. 82
  3. ↑ a b Anzefahr. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of August 24, 2012). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on March 16, 2013 .
  4. ↑ Magistrate of the City of Kirchhain (Ed.): Kirchhain. City of Ohm and Wohra in words and pictures. Edited by Waldemar Küther . Graphische Kunstanstalt Wilhelm Herr, Gießen 1977. p. 146
  5. ^ Helmuth K. Stoffers: Cultural monuments in Hesse: District of Marburg-Biedenkopf 1. Municipalities of Amöneburg, Kirchhain, Neustadt and Stadtallendorf. Stuttgart 2002, p. 259

Coordinates: 50 ° 50 ′ 38.8 "  N , 8 ° 51 ′ 47.1"  E