Brücker mill

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The Brücker Mühle from the east, in the foreground the right Ohmarm ( Brücker Mühlbach ) and the old stone bridge
View from the west; Access bridge over the Alte Ohm
Western part of the historic Ohm bridge at the mill

The Brücker Mühle is a historic mill on the Ohm , at the southeastern foot of the Amöneburg rock in central Hesse . It is located 201  m above sea level. NN immediately before the confluence of the Ohm with its 3.6 km long left oxbow river Alte Ohm , which branched off from it at Schweinsberg . The orographically right, today's main arm is also called the Brücker Mühlbach .

history

The name of the mill, first mentioned in 1248 as molendinum in Brucke , refers to the former settlement of Brück, which was located on the eastern slope of the Amöneburg rock near the stone bridge over the Ohm, which was built in the 13th century at the latest. The street names "Im Brück" and "Brücker Kirchweg" are still reminiscent of the former settlement, as does the "Brückerwald" further east. The bridge was an important junction of the medieval streets through the "long Hessen" , the trade route Cologne - Leipzig and the trade route Frankfurt - Hanover .

The mill belonged to Amöneburg and thus to the Archdiocese of Mainz . Until the 19th century, the mill lease was offset against a livestock and grain tax. For a long time, the miller had the right to serve people passing through (Amöneburgers) beer , the malt of which was ground in the mill.

During the armed conflict between Mainz and Hesse in the first quarter of the 15th century and again in the Thirty Years War , the mill was destroyed several times. In 1648 a hammer mill was installed in addition to the grain mill . Probably to make further destruction more difficult, the mill was architecturally reinforced after the Thirty Years War: on an engraving by Matthäus Merian the Younger from 1663 it appears as a fortress-like stone castle with two high towers on the south side and three mill wheels on the east side. Two meters thick stone walls still exist in the entrance area today.

During the Seven Years' War , on September 21, 1762, one of the decisive battles between the French on the one hand and Hessians, Hanoverians and English allied with Prussia took place at the Brücker Mühle , when the French army tried in vain to force the Ohm crossing. The battle at the Brücker Mühle ended after 14 hours without a clear winner. It was the bloodiest of the entire war in Upper Hesse and claimed a total of 527 dead and 1,363 wounded. On November 15, 1762, Duke Ferdinand von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel and the two French marshals Le Tellier and Soubise signed an armistice in the Brücker Mühle , followed by a baroque truce in the courtyard of the “Brücker Wirtshaus”, which was built in 1752, which is still in the courtyard of the mill Obelisk , the "peace stone", reminds.

The mill was badly damaged by artillery fire during this fight , but it was restored. Its current appearance largely dates back to 1765 after the end of the Seven Years' War.

As a result of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803, Amöneburg was incorporated into the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel , and the Brücker Mühle became the property of the landgrave. In 1827 it had four undershot water wheels and the associated grinding passages as well as a beating passage.

In 1859, the town of Amöneburg, located 365 m above sea level, bought the mill and used it as a pumping station for water supply. Until the 1950s, the mill pumped the water from the Ohm and later well water into the municipal elevated tanks and cisterns ; the large cast iron pump from that time is now in the guest room. From 1917, a generator in the mill generated electricity, which supplied the city of Amöneburg until the mid-1930s. An oil mill was installed around 1930. After a major fire in 1956, which largely destroyed the mill wing, it was rebuilt with negligible changes. The grinding aisles were replaced by two double roller mills in order to meet the requirements of modern grain milling. The mill is still driven by two turbines installed in 1903, which can generate 20 kilowatts of power under optimal conditions. Until 1986 the mill was driven directly by these turbines, but then a generator was installed to better utilize the generated energy, which supplies the mill with electricity and feeds excess energy into the power grid. The water mill itself is used today to generate electricity and little for grinding.

Today's condition and usage

The mill building with its L-shaped floor plan consists of a main wing of about 30 × 14 m, which is almost in a north-south direction, parallel to the Brücker Mühlbach flowing to the east , of which a side wing with about 10 × 8 m is at the northern end going west. On the massive foundation of the entire complex, the main wing consists of an equally massive, stone basement and a half-timbered upper floor under a crooked roof . In the side wing, both storeys are half-timbered, and the ridge of the gable roof does not quite reach the ridge height of the main wing . At the southern end of the main wing, a small, single-storey side wing in half-timbered construction is attached at right angles to the west, so that the floor plan of the entire complex has almost the shape of a cut U From the west, from the direction of the core city of Amöneburg, an access bridge over the Alte Ohm leads to the Mühlenhof.

Until 2006, the mill was owned by the city and leased to a miller's family, when it was bought into the private property of the last lessee. It can be viewed during business hours.

The buildings of the "Brücker Mühle" and the "Brücker Wirthaus" now house an organic shop and an organic restaurant .

The old stone bridge over Ohm and Alte Ohm is accessible to public transport, but due to its narrow width it can only be used in one direction at a time.

Web links

Commons : Brücker Mühle (Amöneburg)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

Notes and individual references

  1. ↑ Water map service of the Hessian Ministry for the Environment, Climate Protection, Agriculture and Consumer Protection ( information )
  2. ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  3. ↑ In 1763 he became Duke d'Estrées .
  4. ↑ A bar had been associated with the mill since 1739.

Coordinates: 50 ° 47 ′ 36 ″  N , 8 ° 56 ′ 16 ″  E