Low ohms

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Low ohms
municipality Mücke
Coat of arms of Nieder-Ohmen
Coordinates: 50 ° 38 ′ 48 ″  N , 9 ° 1 ′ 55 ″  E
Height : 255 m above sea level NHN
Area : 16.51 km²
Residents : 2445  (Dec. 31, 2015)
Population density : 148 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1971
Postal code : 35325
Area code : 06400

Nieder-Ohmen is the largest district of the municipality of Mücke in the Vogelsbergkreis in central Hesse with around 2,400 inhabitants .

Geographical location

The center of Nieder-Ohmen lies in a bend in the river with road crossings on the right eastern bank of the Ohm , whose valley closes the Vorderen Vogelsberg to the east. The district covers 1651 hectares, of which 703 hectares are forested (status: 1961). The corridors around the locality are used for agriculture, while the forest areas are mainly to be found on the western, northern and eastern edges of the district. A wooded area of ​​around 65 hectares in the north of the district is called Windhain and has given its name to a group of farmsteads to the west and a residential and weekend area to the southwest. A forest area in the west of the district bears the name Eisenkaute and is characterized by now wooded spoil heaps from the former Albert iron mine .

The lowest point of the district is on the northern border at about 233  m in the Ohm valley. The highest point is forested on the southeast border at 343.6  m in the forest district of Alter Zwilling .

history

The oldest known written mention of Nieder-Ohmen took place in the years from 775 to 786 under the name Amana in the Codex Eberhardi and in the document book of the Reich Abbey of Hersfeld .

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Nieder-Ohmen in 1830:

"Niederohmen (L. Bez. Grünberg) evangel. Parish village; is located on the Ohm, 2 St. von Grünberg, has 171 houses and 1052 residents who are Protestant apart from 2 Catholics and 52 Jews, then 1 church, 1 town hall, 4 bakery houses, 1 paper mill and 3 courtyards, Königssaasen, Obergrubenbach and Windhain. - The place appears in 1008 under the name Amena in Pago Oberen Logenahe in Comitatu Gisonis and formed a separate court with other places, in which the monastery of St. Stephan in Mainz participated, and of which Landgrave Heinrich II., 1370 confesses, that he had this part of the court at Niedern Amen, and the villages and desolations belonging to it, with the names Atzinhayne (Atzenhain), Lumme (Groß- or Kleinlumda), Bernsfelde (Bernsfeld), Koningesassin ( Königssaasen ), Schonenborn , Pherdesbach , Rensbach and Wadenhusen from which I carry pens to fief. The Niederohmen church is probably the oldest in this area. It belonged to the provostry of St. Stephan in Mainz, but was left to the Convent in 1212, and included all the places mentioned, along with Merlau and Wettsaasen in their church area. "

Territorial reform

On December 31, 1971, Nieder-Ohmen was incorporated into the municipality of Mücke as part of the regional reform in Hesse .

Historical forms of names

In documents that have been preserved, Nieder-Ohmen was mentioned under the following place names (the year it was mentioned in brackets):

  • Amana (water body name) (around 750-779, Kopiar around 1160)
  • Amana (9th century, Kopiar around 1150)
  • Amena (1008)
  • inferiori Amena (1308)
  • inferioris Amene (1314)
  • Nedern Amene (1366)
  • Kirchhomen (1457)

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Nieder-Ohmen was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Law

Substantive law

In Nieder-Ohmen, the municipal and official custom of Grünberg was a particular right . The Common Law was only included if the office I do not need regulations. This special law of old tradition retained its validity during the affiliation to the Grand Duchy of Hesse in the 19th century, until it was replaced on January 1, 1900 by the civil code that was uniformly valid throughout the German Empire .

Court constitution since 1803

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt , the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Gießen” was set up as a court of second instance for the province of Upper Hesse . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or landlords and thus the “Amt Grünberg” was responsible for Nieder-Ohmen. The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate .

With the establishment of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1806, this function was retained, while the tasks of the first instance were transferred to the newly created regional courts in 1821 as part of the separation of jurisdiction and administration. " Landgericht Grünberg " was therefore from 1821 to 1879 the name of the court of first instance that was responsible for Nieder-Ohmen.

On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to "Amtsgericht Grünberg" and assigned to the district of the regional court of Giessen . On July 1, 1968, the Grünberg District Court was dissolved, Nieder-Ohmen was added to the Alsfeld District Court . In the Federal Republic of Germany, the superordinate instances are the Regional Court of Giessen , the Higher Regional Court of Frankfurt am Main and the Federal Court of Justice as the last instance.

population

Population development

• 1791: 0742 inhabitants
• 1800: 0773 inhabitants
• 1806: 0828 inhabitants, 145 houses
• 1829: 1052 inhabitants, 171 houses
• 1867: 1029 inhabitants, 180 inhabited buildings
• 1875: 1114 inhabitants, 181 inhabited buildings
Nieder-Ohmen: Population from 1791 to 2015
year     Residents
1791
  
 742
1800
  
 828
1806
  
 828
1829
  
 1,052
1834
  
 1,073
1840
  
 1,116
1846
  
 1,258
1852
  
 1,401
1858
  
 1,188
1864
  
 1,077
1871
  
 1,094
1875
  
 1,114
1885
  
 1,083
1895
  
 1,089
1905
  
 1,214
1910
  
 1,221
1925
  
 1.311
1939
  
 1,365
1946
  
 1,874
1950
  
 1,897
1956
  
 1,747
1961
  
 1,792
1967
  
 1,894
1970
  
 1,922
2011
  
 2,367
2015
  
 2,445
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2011 census

Religious affiliation

• 1829: 998 Protestant (= 94.87%) 52 Jewish (= 4.94%), two Catholic (= 0.19%) residents
• 1961: 1545 Protestant (= 86.22%), 220 (= 12.28%) Roman Catholic residents

religion

View of the primary school and the church tower

Protestant church

A local church in the church in Nieder-Ohmen can be documented for the year 1314. In 1866 the church had to be closed due to the risk of collapse and shortly afterwards demolished. On July 9, 1886 the foundation stone of the new church was laid. The dedication service took place on October 18, 1887.

Jewish community

See also: Jewish cemetery (Nieder-Ohmen) In the 16th to 18th centuries, a small Jewish community established itself in Nieder-Ohmen. The synagogue was located at Elpenröderstrasse 34–35 / Im Eck 3–5. After 1933 some of the Jewish community members (1933: 69 people) moved away or emigrated due to increasing disenfranchisement and reprisals. The synagogue was desecrated as early as 1935 (three years before the so-called Reichspogromnacht ).

Many of the Jewish citizens living in Nieder-Ohmen were murdered during the Nazi era .

Attractions

A local history museum is housed in the half-timbered town hall built in 1555. On the northern edge of the village, the foundation of a round tower from the 10th century, the so-called Burgschoan (Burgschall), was exposed . The castle Nieder-Ohmen was probably built to control an ancient trade route and is on a small island of the Ohm enclosed. The diameter of the tower is approx. 13 m with a wall thickness of 3 m.

Infrastructure

Nieder-Ohmen station is a stop on the Vogelsbergbahn . The motorway junction at Atzenhain, Homberg / Ohm is conveniently located 2 km away.

The village also has a comprehensive school without an upper level, a social station with trained specialists and a village community center.

On the Kratzberg , the air sports group Mücke e. V. a model airfield for gliders and powered aircraft.

Trivia

Nieder-Ohmen is the main setting for the novella Adam Kopatz by the Giessen writer Florian Michnacs, which was published as a book for young people. The novella reports the hero's growing up from the end of the 1980s and takes up the real problem faced by many farming families that the adult child does not want to continue running the parents' farm.

Personalities

  • Johann Peter Becker (born June 3, 1804 in Nieder-Ohmen; † February 26, 1884 in Gießen), former member of the 2nd Chamber of the Estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse
  • Hilda Stern Cohen (born January 1, 1924 in Nieder Ohmen; † August 5, 1997 in Baltimore , USA ), Jewish Holocaust survivor and author of various poems written between 1932 and 1949.
  • Harald Lesch (born July 28, 1960 in Gießen) is a German physicist, astronomer, natural philosopher, author, science journalist, television presenter and professor of physics and natural philosophy. Grew up in Nieder-Ohmen.
  • Tobias Reitz (born October 4, 1979 in Marburg) is a German songwriter. Grew up in Nieder-Ohmen.
  • Stephan Weidner (born May 29, 1963 in Alsfeld) is a German musician ( Böhse Onkelz ) who lived in Nieder-Ohmen for a few years.

literature

  • Lutz Reichardt: The settlement names of the districts Giessen, Alsfeld and Lauterbach in Hessen. Pp. 280-281.
  • Rudolf Knappe: Medieval castles in Hessen. P. 240.
  • Archaeological Monument Preservation in the State Office for Monument in Hesse (Ed.): Archaeological Monuments in Hesse 73 - The Ottonian Niederungsburg in Nieder-Ohmen. Wiesbaden 1988.
  • Heinrich Reichel: Jews in Nieder-Ohmen. 1998.
  • Literature on Nieder-Ohmen in the Hessian Bibliography
  • Search for Nieder-Ohmen in the archive portal-D of the German Digital Library

Web links

Commons : Nieder-Ohmen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Nieder-Ohmen, Vogelsbergkreis. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of November 26, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ a b "Facts and Figures". In: Internet presence. Mücke municipality, archived from the original ; accessed in June 2018 . (Data from web archive)
  3. ↑ Floor names according to the real estate cadastre for geodata online, at gds.hessen.de
  4. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt August 1830, OCLC 312528126 , p. 190 ( online at google books ).
  5. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 346 .
  6. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  7. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 12 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  8. ^ The affiliation of the office Grünberg based on maps from the Historical Atlas of Hessen : Hessen-Marburg 1567-1604 . , Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt 1604–1638 . and Hessen-Darmstadt 1567–1866 .
  9. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 13 ff ., § 26 point d) III. ( Online at google books ).
  10. ↑ Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional relations of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, OCLC 165696316 , p. 8 ( online at google books ).
  11. ↑ a b Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1806 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1806, p.  256 ff . ( Online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  12. ↑ Latest countries and ethnology. A geographical reader for all stands. Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities. tape  22 . Weimar 1821, p. 419 ( online at Google Books ).
  13. ^ Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt 1830, p. 109 ( online at Google Books ).
  14. ↑ Arthur Benno Schmidt : The historical foundations of civil law in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Curt von Münchow, Giessen 1893, p. 67, note 40 and p. 103.
  15. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  16. ↑ Second law amending the Court Organization Act (Amends GVBl. II 210–16) of February 12, 1968 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1968 No. 4 , p. 41–44 , Article 1, Paragraph 2 a) and Article 2, Paragraph 4 a) ( online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 298 kB ]).
  17. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1791 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1791, p.  197 ff . ( Online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  18. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1800 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1800, p.  212 ff . ( Online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  19. ↑ Housing spaces 1867 . In: Grossherzogliche Centralstelle für die Landesstatistik (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1877, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730484 , p. 119 ( online at google books ).
  20. ↑ Residential places 1875 . In: Grossherzogliche Centralstelle für die Landesstatistik (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1877, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730484 , p. 13 ( online at google books ).
  21. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  22. ↑ Baur, Ludwig (ed.): Hessian documents from the grand ducal Hessian house and state archives published for the first time, Volume 1: The provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse from 1016-1399, 1860, No. 476
  23. ↑ Source: Yad Vashem , Jerusalem
  24. ↑ Florian Michnacs: Adam Kopatz . Neinbuch, Giessen 2017, ISBN 978-0-244-93879-6 .
  25. ↑ Source: Website for the memory of the life and work of Hilda Stern Cohen of the Goethe-Institut Washington, DC ; Retrieved April 22, 2013