Reinhardshagen
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 51 ° 29 ' N , 9 ° 36' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Hesse | |
| Administrative region : | kassel | |
| County : | kassel | |
| Height : | 118 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 12.98 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 4381 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 338 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 34359 | |
| Area code : | 05544 | |
| License plate : | KS, HOG, WOH | |
| Community key : | 06 6 33 022 | |
| LOCODE : | DE RD2 | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Amtsstrasse 10 34359 Reinhardshagen |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Fred Dettmar ( UWG ) | |
| Location of the community Reinhardshagen in the district of Kassel | ||
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The municipality of Reinhardshagen is located in Germany in the southern Weser Uplands directly on the Weser , ten kilometers north of the half-timbered town of Hann. Münden . Reinhardshagen belongs to the northern Hessian district of Kassel .
The community was created in 1970 as part of the regional reform from the two places Vaake and Veckerhagen, whose history dates back to the 9th and 12th centuries. Its name is derived from the Reinhardswald forest west of the village . On the banks of the Weser there is a baroque hunting lodge belonging to Landgrave Karl von Hessen-Kassel . Denis Papin and Robert Wilhelm Bunsen worked in the town's former ironworks .
geography
Geographical location
A constant alternation of breakthrough valleys and valley extensions characterizes the landscape of the Upper Weser . Nine kilometers down the Weser from the confluence of the Fulda and Werra rivers are Reinhardshagen on the left side of the river and Reinhardshagen on the right side of the river to Hann. Münden belonging place Hemeln. The Weser forms the border between the federal states of Lower Saxony and Hesse.
The municipality covers 1,298 hectares and extends from the state border with Lower Saxony in the middle of the Weser (159 meters above sea level ) to Gahrenberg ( 472.1 m above sea level ) and Staufenberg ( 472.2 m above sea level ) in Reinhardswald. Down the Weser, the community area extends three kilometers beyond the northern border of Veckerhagen to the former youth hostel and up the Weser to the southern border of Vaake. In addition to the historic town centers, which are located directly on the Weser, residential developments stretch up the slope to the Reinhardswald up to the tree line.
In Vaake the Ahle flows into the Weser, in Veckerhagen the Hemelbach. Both arise just a few kilometers away in the Reinhardswald.
geology
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The Weser flows through between Hann. Münden and Bad Karlshafen a fold of the red sandstone vault of Bramwald , Reinhardswald and Solling . The history of its origins goes back around 250 million years to a period of the early Mesozoic ( Triassic ). Large river systems transported loose sands from the south , which were deposited here. Over the course of millions of years more and more layers up to a thickness of more than a thousand meters followed. The loose river sands solidified into sandstone under the load of these surface layers . After the younger sedimentary rocks were extensively removed again in the following period, the Weser cut into the red sandstone layers between Bramwald and Reinhardswald at an average rate of 20 centimeters per millennium over the course of the most recent one million years of the earth's history, with bay-like, loess and Flood- covered areas formed on which Vaake, Veckerhagen and Hemeln lie. The slopes rising to the Reinhardswald show a layer of clay at a shallow depth under the humus layer , which is heavily interspersed with chunks of red sandstone.
Neighboring communities
Reinhardshagen is located between the district of Kassel belonging to the community-free area Gutsgebiet Reinhardswald and the Lower Saxony city of Hann. Münden (in the district of Göttingen ).
structure
Reinhardshagen consists of the formerly independent communities Veckerhagen and Vaake , whereby Vaake in turn consists of the core town and Vaake-Süd, a somewhat remote small residential and commercial area. In the 1980s, a new building area was built between Veckerhagen and Vaake. The Wesertalhalle (community center ), a center school and sports facilities are also located here.
climate
Protected by the Reinhardswald, the community lies in the shadow of the prevailing rainy westerly winds. This gives it mild, dry summer and autumn months, while in winter the north-facing Weser valley lets in cold air currents unhindered. Snow in large quantities is then often only in the districts located on the slope of the Reinhardswald, less often in the flat Weser area. The mean daily temperature for the period 1971–2000 was 17.0 ° C in summer and 2.0 ° C in winter. The long-term mean precipitation during this period is around 750 mm per year.
The air in this Upper Weser region is exceptionally pure. The mean particle concentration in the lowest measuring range is between zero and ten micrograms per cubic meter of air. The district of Vaake received state recognition as a climatic health resort on December 12, 1965 . Veckerhagen was awarded the Hessian Family Holiday Resort award on December 18, 1969 . Both ratings were valid until at least 1978, but were not applied for again later due to infrastructure conditions that were difficult to meet and are therefore no longer allowed to be used today.
Flood
The normal water level of the Weser in Reinhardshagen is 35 to 110 centimeters, depending on the season. Due to the nearby spring rivers Fulda and Werra , which carry meltwater and rainwater from the Rhön and the Thuringian Forest , the water level rises sharply almost every spring. This can then lead to flooding of the roads near the banks in Vaake and Veckerhagen. The car ferry stops its traffic from a water level of 2.7 meters.
On February 6, 1909, the Weser in Veckerhagen rose to almost seven meters and flooded large parts of the old town center. The only way to get around the brewery and church was by boat. The floods lasted for several days and caused considerable damage.
Vaake and Veckerhagen experienced the next flood on January 1, 1926 with a water level of 6.5 meters.
On the night of 16 on May 17, 1943, was the dam of Edersees destroyed by a British air raid. A hole 70 meters wide and 22 meters deep was created in the wall, from which around 160 million cubic meters of water flowed. A six to eight meter high tidal wave poured through the lower Edertal and over the Fulda finally into the Weser valley. On May 19, it reached Vaake and Veckerhagen, weakened. Since the residents of the places had been informed of the impending event, damage to their belongings could be avoided. However, the damage to the land was considerable.
In February 1946, on March 12, 1981, on December 23, 1993, on January 24 and 31, 1995 and in January 2003 the Weser level rose well over 5.50 meters, but never reached the record high of 1909.
Flora and fauna
About five percent of the community area is designated as a nature reserve, mainly in the valley of the Hemelbach and the adjacent oak forests . If the district of the place is characterized by the forests of the Reinhardswald with its oak, beech and spruce stands and the soil does not produce any special features other than the usual meadow plants, the animal population is exceptional. Amphibians reach a strong population here. In 1997, an investigation found well over 5,000 migrating common toads , newts and frogs . The fire salamander is not uncommon in the local area.
In 1925, a capercaillie breeding area was mentioned in the Reinhardswald district in 1840/42, not far from Veckerhagen. Turtledove , tawny owl , eagle owl and red-backed killer can be seen in the area, as well as herons and a pair of storks that have been successfully nesting again in Vaake for several years. Large swarms of crows have been threatening agriculture in recent years.
The raccoon population spreading in the Kassel area has also spread to Reinhardshagen and is causing problems for homeowners.
history
The valley bays in which Vaake, Veckerhagen and Hemeln are located must have been cleared and settled early on. Stone Age finds in Vaake (stone ax) and Hemeln ( flint dagger ) indicate this. However, there are no written certificates available until Christianization .
In the valley bay around Vaake and Veckerhagen there were eight other small settlements, documented in the 12th century, which either fell into desolation before the Thirty Years' War or disappeared in the boundaries of neighboring places and can still be found in field names today. So north of Veckerhagen Haltmerden and Herboldessen were located , between Veckerhagen and Vaake Kaltenhof and south of Vaake Horode , Hottenhausen , Renebeck , Niederhagen and Altmünden .
First mentions
Vaake
The Corvey Monastery , founded near Höxter in 816 , received considerable land holdings on the Upper Weser through the active missionary work of its Benedictine monks. In the Corveyer Traditions , a collection of records by Corveyer monks about the donations of allodial property made to the monastery , a place Faca or Fata is mentioned, assigning the period between 822 and 891. Vaake was first mentioned by 1970 in the dissertations of Anna Schroeder- Petersen and Helmut Jäger given as before 978 , the Witzenhausen historian Karl August Eckhardt calculated in his Studia Corbeiensia that Vaake was first mentioned in the year 866.
With the establishment of the imperial monastery Hilwartshausen not far from Vaakes, the nuns received extensive property in the upper Weser valley from 960 through foundations and clearing. 1003 such is proven in Vaake and recorded in a document. This paper, written in Latin, describes several events that were independent of one another in time and condensed them into an event that appeared to take place at short intervals. From this, the historians Karl Kroeschell and Hans-Walter Krumwiede dated the first mentioned donation to 965.
In 1978 the Marburg State Archives finally came to the conclusion that, based on the Corveyer traditions, Vaake had already been mentioned earlier. The first mention of Vaake was not precisely dated in the Corveyer traditions , but Eckhardt calculated the date to be 866 with sufficient accuracy.
Veckerhagen
The place name Veckerhagen allows the assumption that the establishment of the place falls in a clearing period at the end of the 13th century, in which most of the villages with the ending Hagen were created. In 1297 the place name is mentioned for the first time in a Latin deed of foundation of the Witzenhausen merchants' guild. It lists the cloth merchant Henricus de Fekkershagen, translated as Heinrich vom Feckernhagen in a copy of this document from 1575 . The name attachment is to be declared as a place name at a cloth merchant, not as a noble family name.
Feckernhagen , Heinrich's place of residence, certainly existed for a few years, so that one can assume that the establishment of the place falls in the Schöneberg clearing period of the years 1270–1280. The noble lords of Schöneberg lost their property and influence there due to disputes with the Mainz occupation of the city of Hofgeismar and from 1272 tried to regain ownership and bailiwick rights by clearing the eastern edge of the Reinhardswald . During this time eight settlements emerged, including the no longer existing Horode and Herboldissen near today's Veckerhagen. In 1278, as evidenced by a document, Konrad von Schöneberg donated the Horode clearing to the Hilwartshausen monastery . Even if Veckerhagen was not explicitly mentioned in this process, one can assume that it was created around this year.
13th to 16th centuries
The names of the lords of Vaake and Veckerhagen, mentioned in a document, provide information about the changing ownership structure and the origins of the two places. The landlords in Vaake were Ludolph von Ukken in 1247, Count Ludolph von Dassel in 1272 , Archbishop Werner von Mainz in 1273 , Count Otto von Everstein in 1288 and Mainz and Braunschweig together in 1290 . The Hilwartshausen monastery has ownership from 1304 to the present day. Likewise in 1343 knight Heinrich von Stockhausen, the brothers Vecker and the Hessian Landgrave Ludwig. From 1348 to 1406 Albrecht and Reynar Feker, Reinhart Vecker, Herr von Gudenberg, Lambert, Lamprecht, Helmbrad and Albrecht von Stockhausen, the Landgraves Hermann and Heinrich and Dietrich von Hardenberg appeared in the deeds of ownership.
In 1455 the Paderborn garrison of the Krukenburg, under the leadership of the knights Georg von Spiegel and Johann von Wintzingerode, burned down the village of Vaake, which was jointly owned by Braunschweig and Hesse.
In 1538, Duke Erich von Braunschweig-Göttingen and Landgrave Philipp von Hessen exchanged their halves at the villages of Vaake and Hemeln. Vaake became completely Hessian and Hemeln completely Brunswick.
Veckerhagen was originally a farm or Hagen or Hain, which the Vaake-based family of the Vecker (also Feker) farmers, who came from the lower service nobility, created by clearing oak forests under the overlordship of the noble lords of Schöneberg. The farm was ceded to the Hessian Landgrave Ludwig in 1342 by the owners, the Lords of Stockhausen. Its size is evident from the fact that it is already referred to as a village in the relevant document. He continued to be taken as a fief by the peasant Vecker until after 1400 .
Important for the historical development of Veckerhagen in 1430–1431 was the construction of a castle by Landgrave Ludwig I of Hesse, surrounded by a moat and located directly on the banks of the Weser, later known as the Old Castle . It made possible the undisturbed growth of the place under its protection. The lords of Stockhausen, the Lower Saxon-Hessian nobility, were repeatedly named as administrators of the landgraves at Veckerhagen Castle. In the period from 1431 to 1500, father Hans von Stockhausen, his sons Hans and Heinrich, and finally Hans, were solely responsible for the administration. With the end of the Hesse-Paderborn feud in 1472, the military purpose of the Veckerhagen office was fulfilled, although its dissolution did not take place until around 1550. No attention was paid to the expansion of the castle and it fell into disrepair.
The von Stockhausen family owned land in Veckerhagen even after the office was dissolved. This is mentioned for the years 1551 in the Gieselwerderer Salbuch and for the years 1570 and 1587 in the Sababurger Salbuch. Even in 1750 was to Veckerhagen a stockhausisches Meiergut in size from 14 fields.
17th to 19th century
The Thirty Years' War (1618 to 1648) did not leave Vaake unscathed. The nave of the church was damaged several times, so that various repairs had to be made. The current wooden beam ceiling of the nave dates from 1659.
In 1666 an ironworks was built west of Veckerhagen on the edge of the Reinhardswald . Based on the old castle, the baroque hunting lodge Veckerhagen was built at the end of the 17th century under Landgrave Carl von Hessen-Kassel . Barbara Christine von Bernhold , who was raised to the rank of imperial countess in 1742, lived and administered the castle and the domain belonging to it until her death in 1756. After that, in 1770 the property reverted to Landgrave Friedrich II of Hesse .
During the time of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia (1807-1813) Veckerhagen was the administrative seat of the canton of Veckerhagen .
In 1810 the Kassel paint manufacturer Habich acquired the hunting lodge and built manufacturing facilities on the remains of the old castle. Habich began to mine lignite and lubricating coal for paint production on Gahrenberg in 1842 .
Between 1830 and 1870, many residents left Vaake and Veckerhagen and emigrated to North America , Chile and Jamaica . Initially mostly single people, whole families followed after the food crises in 1845.
In 1848 the regular mail coach traffic from Kassel to Veckerhagen via Ihringshausen was started, but stopped again in 1899. From 1927 onwards, buses operated by the Reichsbahn and later post buses ran on this connection.
20th century
Until 1933
Part of the old castle used by the paint factory burned down in 1914 and was not rebuilt. In the beginning World War I , the Reichswehr also recruited citizens from Veckerhagen and Vaake, most of whom did not return from the war zones. 36 war dead were sued in Vaake, 66 in Veckerhagen. The period of the Weimar Republic from 1919 to 1933 passed in both places without any significant highlights.
1933 to 1945
The ideas of National Socialism penetrated the Upper Weser region only slowly and did not reach Veckerhagen until 1936. Mayor Heinrich Becker joined the NSDAP as a local group leader and thus avoided a superior from the party who was authorized to issue instructions. From 1939 the ironworks was included in the armaments industry . A large part of the male population in both places was drafted into the Wehrmacht and never returned.
During the Second World War , after the western offensive in the summer of 1940 and the associated occupation of Belgium, Holland and northern France by German troops, up to 629 foreign workers, mostly Flemish and Walloons , were housed in a civil labor camp in Vaake , some of whom were retraining for the Junkers- Branch in Schönebeck were initially trained in the precision engineering workshops in Göttingen . According to contemporary witnesses, "civilian workers" from Vaake were also employed in the ironworks and in forestry and agriculture.
In contrast to Vaake, Veckerhagen was involved in combat operations at the end of the Second World War. On the evening of April 5, 1945, the gunfire of the approaching front from the direction of Hofgeismar was heard for the first time . At the upper end of the Hemelbach valley, pioneers had provided the oak avenue with anti-tank barriers . That night, scattered members of the Wehrmacht infiltrated through the Reinhardswald to Veckerhagen, and 36 of them were hidden by residents. Others swam through the Weser and, according to eyewitness reports, were shot in Hemeln. With the help of a few young residents, the hidden soldiers were able to cross the Weser in an old barge on April 6th. Nothing is known about the fate of the refugees. Thanks to the mayor's (and NS-Ortsgruppenleiter) Heinrich Becker's arguments appropriate to the situation, the young helpers were only arrested, even if the Volkssturm squad leader and Hitler Youth leader demanded their execution.
Only a few hours later the first American patrols appeared via Vaake and Veckerhagen at the edge of the forest. Gun batteries had already holed up in Reinhardswald and briefly shot at Veckerhagen. Two civilians were killed and one seriously injured. A delegation with white flags led by Mayor Becker went to meet the Americans and vouched for the surrender of the place without a fight. Tanks , motorized artillery and infantry then advanced to the Weser. A Wehrmacht gun stationed in Hemeln shot at Veckerhagen and hit a house and the castle, but was destroyed after a brief exchange of fire. American infantrymen took the ferry to the Hemelner side in the late evening to secure the place.
On April 7, 1945, the 104th Infantry Division of the American Army crossed the Weser at Veckerhagen / Hemeln on a quickly built pontoon bridge . Tanks and other military vehicles rolled uninterruptedly through Veckerhagen for two days and two nights, gathered in Hemeln and advanced to Göttingen , which was captured at noon on April 8, 1945.
The only relics of the Second World War are the remains of an entrenchment at the edge of the forest west of the village. Both in Vaake and in Veckerhagen there are monuments showing those killed and missing in the Second World War. 98 residents are mourned in Vaake and 154 in Veckerhagen.
After 1945
The first post-war years were characterized by the influx of over 1000 displaced persons who had to find accommodation in both places. After the initial billeting , a brisk construction activity began, supported by the municipal councils and realized by three local construction companies and financial institutions such as Volksbank and Sparkasse . Gradually, with success, the existing qualitative characteristics in relation to tourism and economic development were considered. This development is described in the following sections.
The stately remains of the old castle fell victim to another major fire in 1967. The paint factory used the remaining foundation walls to build workshops and warehouses.
Community merger
On December 31, 1970 , as part of the regional reform in Hesse, the previously independent municipalities of Vaake and Veckerhagen merged on a voluntary basis to form the new municipality of Reinhardshagen. Local districts according to the Hessian municipal code were not established.
Population development
Around 1750 there were 1228 people living in Veckerhagen and Vaake, around 1850 there were already more than 2300 and in 1950 around 3500. By 2005 the population had grown to over 5200 people. In mid-2010 only 4798 lived in Reinhardshagen.
At the end of 2019 there were 1644 residents in Vaake and 2770 in Veckerhagen.
| Vaake: Population from 1834 to 1970 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | Residents | |||
| 1834 | 688 | |||
| 1840 | 810 | |||
| 1846 | 815 | |||
| 1852 | 766 | |||
| 1858 | 641 | |||
| 1864 | 684 | |||
| 1871 | 728 | |||
| 1875 | 714 | |||
| 1885 | 731 | |||
| 1895 | 737 | |||
| 1905 | 776 | |||
| 1910 | 821 | |||
| 1925 | 897 | |||
| 1939 | 1,037 | |||
| 1946 | 1,622 | |||
| 1950 | 1,560 | |||
| 1956 | 1,401 | |||
| 1961 | 1,501 | |||
| 1967 | 1,676 | |||
| 1970 | 1,651 | |||
| Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968. Other sources: | ||||
| Veckerhagen: Population figures from 1834 to 1970 | ||||
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| year | Residents | |||
| 1834 | 1,640 | |||
| 1840 | 1,796 | |||
| 1846 | 1,771 | |||
| 1852 | 1,635 | |||
| 1858 | 1,788 | |||
| 1864 | 1,741 | |||
| 1871 | 1,617 | |||
| 1875 | 1,646 | |||
| 1885 | 1,587 | |||
| 1895 | 1,583 | |||
| 1905 | 1,475 | |||
| 1910 | 1,401 | |||
| 1925 | 1,486 | |||
| 1939 | 1,555 | |||
| 1946 | 2,537 | |||
| 1950 | 2,613 | |||
| 1956 | 2,455 | |||
| 1961 | 2,463 | |||
| 1967 | 2,593 | |||
| 1970 | 2,604 | |||
| Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968. Other sources: | ||||
politics
After the mayor Heinrich Becker in Veckerhagen, who was republican before 1936 and then a member of the NSDAP, the SPD party secretary Bernhard Wilhelm was appointed mayor on April 9, 1945 . Richard Pelz (SPD) took office in Vaake in 1948. Otto Thias (Veckerhagen) and Erwin Schuck (Vaake), both SPD, held their offices as mayors until the merger on December 31, 1970. Descendants of the former mayors Becker and Pelz worked on the local councils. The mayor of Vaake, Erwin Schuck, was elected mayor of the new municipality of Reinhardshagen in 1971.
The council sat down after the first municipal election on 12 January 1971. Nine representatives of the SPD, three of the CDU and three of the UWG together. As successor to Erwin Schuck, Lothar Merkwirth was appointed mayor by the local council in 1984 and was elected in the first direct mayoral election in Hesse in 1996 in the first ballot and also confirmed in the first ballot in 2002. In 2008, as the successor to mayor Merkwirth Fred Dettmar, who was no longer running, received the required majority in the first ballot. Dettmar was re-elected in May 2014.
Community representation
The local elections on March 6, 2016 produced the following results, compared to previous local elections:
| Parties and constituencies |
% 2016 |
Seats 2016 |
% 2011 |
Seats 2011 |
% 2006 |
Seats 2006 |
% 2001 |
Seats 2001 |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UWG | Independent voting community Reinhardshagen | 64.7 | 15th | 56.1 | 13 | 48.0 | 11 | 28.8 | 7th | |
| SPD | Social Democratic Party of Germany | 28.5 | 6th | 34.6 | 8th | 38.4 | 9 | 39.9 | 9 | |
| CDU | Christian Democratic Union of Germany | 6.8 | 2 | 9.4 | 2 | 13.5 | 3 | 20.0 | 4th | |
| FBR | Free citizen list Reinhardshagen | - | - | - | - | - | - | 11.3 | 3 | |
| total | 100.0 | 23 | 100.0 | 23 | 100.0 | 23 | 100.0 | 23 | ||
| Voter turnout in% | 56.0 | 54.4 | 52.6 | 59.5 | ||||||
The community administration uses the rooms of both district town halls, the community board meets in the town hall of Veckerhagen. Meetings of the community council take place in the Wesertalhalle.
coat of arms
The Reinhardshagen coat of arms was awarded together with the official municipal flag on June 14, 1978. The coat of arms and flag drawings are based on templates by Klaus Günther. The basic colors of the coat of arms are white and green. It shows one of the typically hollow, centuries-old oaks, as they can be found in the Reinhardswald, with twelve leaves that represent the eleven original parapets of the settlement area. The twelfth leaf at the top symbolizes the new municipality of Reinhardshagen, flanked by two acorns, which stand for Veckerhagen and Vaake. The roots of the oak in the white field should be located on the wintry, up to 472.2 m above sea level. NN represent high mountains of the Reinhardswaldes.
Culture and sights
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In both districts there are numerous half-timbered houses from different eras, mainly from the 17th century. Many of them are richly decorated and have sayings on the frame wood. On the banks of the Weser in the former fishing village of Vaake, half-timbered houses with some Low German influence, for example the characteristic large central hall , form the end of the 30-meter-wide promenade . The evangelical church from the 13th century is also located in this row of houses.
In Veckerhagen, the half-timbered houses around the church are partially grouped into closed ensembles . Particularly noticeable is the two- storey residential and farm building of the former homestead of the Albrecht family from the first half of the 18th century , today the “office”.
See also: List of cultural monuments in Reinhardshagen
Church in Vaake
The Protestant church in Vaake is located under old trees on the banks of the Weser. The late Romanesque building was built in the middle of the 13th century. The stone fortified church has a slightly transverse rectangular west tower. The nave, which is the same width, has a single nave and a slightly narrower, square choir. The two wooden-framed portals on the south side are from 1678.
The nave vault was destroyed in the Thirty Years War . Only the shield arches and the two-part wall templates are original. The current ceiling, a beam ceiling with longitudinal girders and central posts, was erected in 1678. The wall paintings in the Middle Rhine style uncovered in 1937 were made around 1400. They depict Passion pictures on the walls . Under the vaults are the Last Judgment , the Coronation of Mary, symbols of the Evangelists , and pictures of Saints Peter and Stephen . There are pictures of standing saints in the north window and in an upper window. The north window of the choir from 1643 shows a shepherd with a flock.
Church in Veckerhagen
The Protestant church in Veckerhagen is a cross-shaped, sandstone- faced half-timbered building with a stately hooded roof turret in the middle, built between 1778 and 1780 in the transition style from late baroque to classicism . The interior is designed as a longitudinal hall with three-sided galleries. The stone pillars of the galleries also support the church roof. The stairs are in the spatially separated cross arms. The organ comes from the late Rococo and was built in 1787 by Johann Stephan Heeren .
Veckerhagen hunting lodge
The Veckerhäger Castle (also called Habich's Castle) is a baroque three-wing complex and is located near the banks of the Weser. It was built in 1689 next to the "old" castle built between 1430 and 1431 (and largely destroyed by fires in 1914 and 1967) as a hunting lodge on behalf of Landgrave Karl von Hessen-Kassel . Possible architects were Paul du Ry or Johann Konrad Giesler .
The palace and the associated domain were owned by Countess Barbara Christine von Bernhold (from 1742) in the 18th century , who had been the lover of Landgrave Karl since 1721 and was the Grand Chamberlain of his son and successor Wilhelm VIII after his death . After her death in 1756, the property passed to the Landgrave Friedrich II. Von Hessen-Kassel and was sold in 1810 during the time of the Westphalian kingdom by King Jérôme Bonaparte for 2000 Reichstaler to the ancestors of the Habich family of manufacturers from Kassel, who still own it today, including the paint factory next to it .
Ironworks
In 1666 the ironworks in Knickhagen was closed and moved to Veckerhagen. The ensemble of steelworks, consisting of a machine factory, foundry house, Rosenhaus and Veckerhäger Bergamt, was built at the upper end of Kasseler Straße on the eastern slope of Reinhardswald. The landgraves' ironworks in Veckerhagen obtained iron ore from Haddamar, among others, via the Schwalm-Eder-Fulda-Weser waterway and until 1903 produced a wide range of high-quality products, which a "cast goods catalog" published in 1834 announced. In addition to twisted steel ropes for the yaw ferry that crosses the Weser in Veckerhagen, relief panels were mainly cast for open chimneys , artfully designed fences and parts for the widespread Veckerhäger stove , which even found customers in Scandinavia and the USA via Bremen . Denis Papin had the world's first steam cylinder cast here around 1706. In 1838 Robert Wilhelm Bunsen first investigated the chemical and physical properties of blast furnace gases and the blast furnace process here.
After the shutdown, the facility stood empty until 1955 and was then used by Weserkeramik until 1991 , where the widespread Veckerhäger pots , flower pots with lion paws, were manufactured there. Parts of the original hut development and almost the entire wrought iron enclosure from the beginnings of the hut were removed during this time.
The entire now existing hut complex is protected in accordance with Section 2 of the Hessian Monument Protection Act and is to play an important role in the Reinhardswald EcoMuseum in the future .
Parks
There are park-like facilities both in Vaake (Weser promenade) and in Veckerhagen with a small "Kurpark". The concert pavilions in both districts were used on a weekly basis in the summer months until the climatic health resort rating was lifted, today only sporadically. Another music pavilion, now abandoned to decay, is located at the former Hotel Felsenkeller on the edge of the forest in Veckerhagen. The waterfront promenade in Veckerhagen is also laid out, on which a three-meter-high stele of Brama , the legendary mistress of Bramburg above Hemeln, was set up on the opposite slope of the Weser.
Sport and culture
Between the two districts there are central sports facilities ( football , athletics , tennis ) and the Wesertalhalle for all kinds of events. A gym is attached to the Wesertalhalle and the neighboring school. In Vaake, the threshing shed , a former village threshing floor , was converted into a covered festival area and in Veckerhagen the area between the church and town hall, which has a carillon , donated by a wealthy emigrant from America, made it pedestrian-friendly.
Regular events
The Weser lighting of the Reinhardshagen volunteer fire brigade , a major event that takes place alternately in Vaake and Veckerhagen on the banks of the Weser, exerts a supraregional attraction . Here, after dark, hundreds of floating lights are placed above Vaake on the Weser, which then pass by like a carpet of lights in both districts and thousands of onlookers. Also included in the course of the event is the opposite town of Hemeln, on the banks of which the final high-altitude fireworks will be set off.
The club festival takes place regularly on the third weekend in August in Vaake “under the threshing house”. This is a folk festival that lasts from Friday to Monday.
In Veckerhagen there is a Christmas market called Christmas atmosphere on the second weekend of Advent , which is organized by the trade association. The trade show, which takes place every 2 years in the Wesertalhalle, is also organized by the trade association, at which all local traders represent their companies.
The Lilienthal model building club organizes a model flying day every summer on the model airfield on the northern edge of Veckerhagen.
Culinary specialties
In Veckerhagen already in 1587 were brewing rights notarized. The rock cellar near the ironworks belonged to the brewery on Kirchplatz , a storage room driven into the slope of the Reinhardswald, which is still available today but is unused. The brewing right for Veckerhäger black beer , which has not been exercised since 1897 , has been granted again since 1997 and was awarded the first prize in Dortmund in 1998. It is served in the historic brewery .
Another specialty is the "Reinhardshäger Stracke", an air-dried sausage in natural casing that has been air-dried for several months . It is a stretched and thicker variety of the " Ahle Wurst " which is common in Northern Hesse .
Economy and Infrastructure
The development of the economy and the associated infrastructure and the initially slow, sudden increase in population after the Second World War began in the area of today's Reinhardshagen earlier than usual in rural areas due to the Weser trade route. Iron works, lignite quarries, paint factories, cigar factories and wood processing contributed a large part to the boom at the end of the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century. The districts of Vaake and Veckerhagen received their first water pipeline in 1911 and electricity in 1919, which is very unusual for two small, remote villages. Reinhardshagen only got a natural gas connection at the end of the 1990s.
traffic
As a result of the geological conditions, the villages in the valley, which were clustered like a boulder, were isolated from traffic until the end of the 19th century. Road traffic was only of local importance, even if a passenger ferry crossed the Weser in Veckerhagen as early as 1342 and a carriage ferry from 1866. An unpaved cart path and the towpath led down the Weser to Gieselwerder . Up the Weser to Münden there was only the towpath and around 1700 a forest path over the Reinhardswald to Immenhausen, the Immenhäuser Alte Eysensteinweg . The first paved forest path was laid out in 1791 through the valley of the Hemelbach to the Sababurg-Kassel road as an oak avenue (today's Kasseler Straße). The railway avoided the valley because of the numerous narrow spots. Only the Weser waterway connected Münden with Bremen in the Middle Ages .
The Hedemünden / Werratal junction of federal motorway 7 can be reached after 19 kilometers from Reinhardshagen on federal road 80 , which follows the Weser and Werra runs. The junction Hann. Münden / Lutterberg 20 kilometers away.
Today's B 80 was only expanded as a continuous Wesertal road from 1892. Here the mountains approaching the Weser were removed in places and the rock was used to fill the route . Since the mountain slopes rose significantly steeper than before after the construction of the Weserstraße, landslides hindering traffic occurred again and again until the end of the 1980s. In the winter of 1981/1982, for example, the B 80 was buried south and north of Reinhardshagen at the same time. Since the ferry had to cease operations due to flooding in the Weser, and the last remaining road connection via the Reinhardswald was impassable due to heavy snowfall, Reinhardshagen could not be reached for a few days. In a landslide in 1987 between Hann. Münden and Reinhardshagen, a log truck was pushed from Gottstreu into the Weser. The driver of the truck was killed in the accident. The B 80 then remained closed until 1990. The danger of landslides was averted by providing the endangered slopes with concrete anchors, spanning them with steel nets and removing the trees.
The through traffic on the B 80 is not affected by flooding, as the road layout in the locality is well above the high water mark reached so far. The lower-lying parts of the new development area between Veckerhagen and Vaake are more at risk from the rise in the groundwater level associated with floods. Surface water does not play a role here. Thanks to clever regulation, the Ahle and Hemelbach brooks flowing through Reinhardshagen have not caused flooding to date.
In modern times, the 2,000 in service, larger ferry during the day with a reliable connection to Hemeln and from there via Dransfeld of Göttingen . It goes environmentally friendly without motor drive as greed rope ferry and can accommodate up to transport to eight cars. The crossing takes four minutes. The ferry is not allowed to take vehicles over 16 tons total weight. On March 31, 1967, when this restriction did not exist and a smaller ferry was still in use, a truck loaded with fresh concrete tilted the ferry by rotating its mixing drum. The concrete truck tipped sideways into the Weser and its driver drowned. This accident led to a ban on vehicles with mixing drums on all small German ferries. As early as 1937, at a water level of 3.52 meters, a horse-drawn vehicle loaded with long timber fell from the ferry, as the restless behavior of the horses and the break in a safety chain set the six-tonne beech trunks in motion. Horses and cargo could not be saved.
Since 2001 there has been a continuous cycle path from Hann along the B 80 . Münden to Bad Karlshafen. It is part of the busy Weser cycle path from Hann. Münden to Bremerhaven , which in this section runs on both sides of the Weser.
The train station closest to Reinhardshagen is in Hann. Münden (10 km). Regional trains run from here to Kassel Hauptbahnhof, Göttingen, Halle (Saale) and Erfurt.
In local public transport , Hann. Münden (by bus) can be reached directly from Reinhardshagen via the B 80 and Hofgeismar (with a connection via the RegioTram to Kassel) via Reinhardswaldstraße.
A dense network of marked circular hiking trails runs through the Reinhardswald from Reinhardshagen. For example, the Gahrenberg can be reached in just over an hour, the Tillyschanze above Hann. Münden in three hours and the Sababurg in four hours. The (marked) miners ' path is historically significant and takes the shortest route from Veckerhagen to the former lignite mine on the Gahrenberg. The miners used it every day as an arduous way to and from work. The Weserberglandweg long-distance hiking trail also leads through Reinhardshagen.
Kassel-Calden Airport is located around 17 km (as the crow flies ) southwest of Reinhardshagen and was expanded into a regional airport by 2013 .
education
The Lucas-Lossius School in Reinhardshagen was inaugurated on October 17, 1970 as a central school . It made the old cramped village schools superfluous, which were then used differently (Vaake) or demolished (Veckerhagen). The new primary and secondary school , originally conceived as a comprehensive school , with a special level (grades 1–9) is centrally located between the districts of Vaake and Veckerhagen. Attached to the actual school area is a school biotope that creates a natural transition between the settlement area, the agricultural areas and the large forest area of the Reinhardswald. In each of the two districts, the municipality has a kindergarten with three to four groups.
Parishes
About 80 percent of the population are Protestant, 15 percent Catholic and 5 percent of other faith. There is one Protestant parish each in Vaake and Veckerhagen, which celebrate their services alternately on Sundays in the historic churches of both districts. The Evangelical Free Church Community ( Baptists ) can look back on more than 150 years of tradition and has a church in Veckerhagen. The small Roman Catholic parish of St. Wigbert emerged after the Second World War, mainly by expellees. In 1958 she received her own church building in Veckerhagen and redesigned it in 1973. Before 1958, she used the Protestant church for church services.
Associations and associations
In the relatively small Reinhardshagen there are eight sports clubs , four cultural associations and eight aid organizations , as well as a local cartel of the German Federation of Trade Unions , a Bundeswehr reservist comradeship, a local branch of the Federation for bird protection, a sport fishing club and a pigeon breeding club.
The formerly separate two volunteer fire brigades, which emerged from compulsory fire brigades founded in 1924 (Vaake) and 1926 (Veckerhagen), received a new fire station centrally located between Vaake and Veckerhagen in the 1980s . The Lilienthal model construction group has had a model airfield on the northern outskirts ( ⊙ ) since 1968 , where the first flight day was held in 1972, which has taken place annually since then.
Commerce and service
Reinhardshagen shows several small industrial areas in which sawmills, transport and bus companies, construction companies, recycling companies , supermarkets and other service providers are located. Of the former six petrol stations, only one is still in the Vaake district, as is a car workshop. Two pharmacies and eight resident doctors ensure medical care. A nursing home for the elderly is located in Veckerhagen. After the Deutsche Bundespost had given up its post office in Veckerhagen and the post office in Vaake in the 1990s, a private service point was initially operated in each district. Since 2007 there has only been one DHL partner branch in Veckerhagen. The Kasseler Bank e. G. and the Kasseler Sparkasse each have a branch in Veckerhagen. Between the districts there are test areas of the north-west German forest research institute.
Paint factory
In addition to forestry, the municipality's largest employer is the Habich Farben paint factory (formerly Habich's Sons), which moved from Kassel to Veckerhagen in 1823 after acquiring the castle in 1810. Next to the castle, production and storage buildings adapted to its style were gradually built. The purchase of the brown coal mine in 1834 and its expansion from 1842 onwards enabled the company to produce colored charcoal from 1865, which was used to produce colors that could be exported worldwide as Casseler Braun . As a result, the product range was expanded to include natural earth colors, chrome and zinc colors, lacquers such as "lithol red" (since 1910) and printing and wallpaper colors (1921–1973). Today the company specializes in the production of dry color pigments for coloring plastics (since 1955) and colorful full-tone and tinting paints for emulsion paints (since 1959).
Lignite mining
On the Gahrenberg , which is 472.1 m above sea level. NN is the highest mountain in the Reinhardswald after Staufenberg ( 472.2 m above sea level ) and is an average of five kilometers (as the crow flies ) from the two Reinhardshagener districts, and there is evidence that mining was carried out from 1575 onwards and lignite was mined underground from 1842 to 1970 . In addition, lubricating coal for color production and alum earth were extracted there very early on . A small part of the coal mining not only served the Reinhardshäger residents as domestic coal.
Wood industry, agriculture and forestry
The wood processing industry in Reinhardshagen was founded in 1882, when the first carpentry business was registered , from which a powerful sawmill emerged in several stages from 1920. The company, which was modern for the time, used such advanced machines as a Dingler steam power plant, two full linseed frames, a Sachs planing and flooring machine and several double hemmers, square timber and circular saws. Among other things, the sawmill supplied the timber for the construction of the Werra valley bridge on the Kassel-Hanover A 7 motorway in 1936.
Other woodworking plants were built during this time, including a barrel factory in Vaake in 1910 and a box factory in Veckerhagen in 1925. Both factories delivered their products on Weser ships to Bremen. Vast amounts of sawdust made it necessary to process them in a specially built briquetting system, the product of which was often used for smoking fish, meat and sausage. King Faruk bought such wooden briquettes, which were enriched with specially flown in cloves to spread a pleasant scent in his Egyptian palaces.
After the Second World War, the box factory shifted to the production of gazebos for allotment gardens and found plenty of buyers in Berlin . A few years later, the company played a key role in the development of the European pallet pool ( Euro pallet ), together with Rudolf von Bennigsen's son , who ran his pallet production in Nieder-Roden in southern Hesse .
This is all in the past. Today there is still a large sawmill in Reinhardshagen that cuts beams and planks, and a timber shop with its own high-pressure impregnation kettle.
While agriculture ( dairy farming , pasture sheep ) took a back seat until the late 1980s , forestry is still of great importance today. The Hessian Forest Office Gahrenberg in Reinhardshagen has been managing around 13,000 hectares of forest area since 2003, making it the top spot in Hesse in terms of size. 99.5 percent of the forest area is state forest owned by the state of Hesse, 0.5 percent is municipal and private property. The forest areas are assigned to ten district forester service districts. That is why there is also a district forester in both Veckerhagen and Vaake.
In the Reinhardshagen forest office area there are some test areas of the State Institute for Forest Management, Forest Research and Forest Ecology. The studies that are carried out here mainly concern forest growth.
17 percent of the trees in the Reinhardshäger forest district are oaks , 39 percent beeches , 37 percent spruces and 7 percent pines and larches . The logging amounts to around 58,000 cubic meters of harvest annually .
Friedwald Reinhardswald
In 2001, the first FriedWald ® in Germany was set up in Reinhardswald in the Reinhardshagen forestry district with the 116 hectare FriedWald ® Reinhardswald . In the forest cemetery, which is used for natural burial , the urns of the deceased are buried in the root area of trees.
Mills
Already in the Salbuch of 1587 of the Sababurg office, six water mills are listed in Veckerhagen that drive either the Hemelbach or the Mühlbach that branches off from it above the ironworks. In the 17th and 18th centuries, further mills were added in Vaake and Veckerhagen. In addition to the primary production of flour, meal and bran , there were also grinding, pounding and saw mills as well as a paint mill. Only the Hemelmühle on the road from Veckerhagen to Kassel, 500 meters west of the village, has been preserved to this day. It has been documented since 1786. A year later, Christoph Ludwig Lampe took over the mill, whose descendants still own it today and operate it in the sixth generation as a modern grain mill equipped with an Ossberg turbine .
DVB-T reception
On 28 May 2006, the supply Reinhard Hagen ended with analog television signals by the gap-fillers Bramburg and waterworks Veckerhagen. Digital terrestrial television ( DVB-T ) began providing nationwide coverage the following day. Reinhardshagen has been in the transmission range of the Göttingen and Hoher Meißner transmitters since then . However, reception of the broadcast television programs is not forecast everywhere in the local area. Almost all of Vaake and parts of northern Veckerhagen are in the radio shadow . The adjacent map provides information about the reception options and the necessary antenna work in Reinhardshagen.
Leisure and Tourism
tourism
Another economic mainstay is tourism, which however fell sharply after reunification in 1989, as the previously numerous West Berlin summer visitors who preferred the Harz and Weser Hills because of their relatively quick accessibility stayed away. Quite a few Berliners bought land in Reinhardshagen and settled here when they reached retirement age.
A tourist association to promote tourism was founded in Veckerhagen in 1926, and Vaake did not follow suit until 30 years later. In the early 1960s, the political communities took over the tourism work, as the number of overnight stays had almost quadrupled since 1956. The ups and downs of the tourism industry are reflected in the following number of overnight stays (Vaake and Veckerhagen together, including the campsite, country school home and, until 1980, a youth hostel):
- 1957 - around 45,250 overnight stays
- 1962 - around 57,750 overnight stays
- 1967 - around 74,590 overnight stays
- 1972 - around 83,400 overnight stays
- 1978 - about 84,460 overnight stays
- 1982 - around 59,930 overnight stays
- 1987 - around 45,100 overnight stays
- 1992 -> 25,000 overnight stays
- 2005 - around 5,596 overnight stays
gastronomy
The gastronomy in Reinhardshagen looks back on a long tradition. Two inns were mentioned in Vaake in 1750, the Herrschaftliche Krug (later Zum Weißen Roß , then Ude ) and the Brauer Krug (later Zur Weser , then Reinhardswald ). In Veckerhagen, the ironworks had the right to brew and serve beer due to the freedom of the mountains . In 1720, the owner of the brewery located in the center of the village (today the historic brewery ) filed a complaint against the alleged ironworks competition through the municipality. In 1746 two landlords, a master brewer and six brandy distillers were mentioned in the Veckerhäger tax register.
Today over 20 gastronomic establishments ( hotels , pensions , inns , restaurants ) offer numerous guest rooms and regional and international cuisine.
The Veckerhagen youth hostel , three kilometers down the Weser , was built in 1956 at the instigation of District Administrator Steinbrenner (formerly Hofgeismar district ), ceased operations in the late 1980s, initially served as accommodation for asylum seekers and is now uninhabited. The nearest youth hostels are located near Hann. Münden (8 km), Helmarshausen (28 km), Göttingen (30 km) and Bad Karlshafen (31 km).
In Veckerhagen there has been a well-frequented country school home on the edge of the Reinhardswald since the 1950s, which belonged to the former Hessian district of Dieburg until 1972 and then became the school administration of the city of Bad Pyrmont . Today the school home is maintained by the school parents of the Max Born Realschule in this city.
Leisure center
In Veckerhagen heated in the 1960s was Terrassenfreibad and Vaake a Gartenhallenbad that are weather and seasonally operated alternately today. A communal camping site with a separate holiday home section is attached to the indoor garden pool in Vaake . Another holiday home area is located on the edge of the forest in Veckerhagen. A mobile home overnight place is designated in both districts . The facility in Vaake with indoor garden swimming pool, camping site, holiday home complex, restaurant, bowling alley and camper place to stay overnight is known as a "leisure center".
Personalities
Sons of the community
- Lucas Lossius (originally Lucas Lotze, born October 18, 1508 in Vaake, † July 8, 1582 in Lüneburg ), music theorist and writer; Editor of an important collection of sacred music
- Robert Petersen from Veckerhagen, editor of the "Heimat- und Weserliederbuch" published around 1905, wrote the texts for 55 Heimat-, Volks- and Weserlieder and numerous poems.
- Edward Habich (* 1818 in Veckerhagen, † 1898 in Kassel ), entrepreneur, art collector, patron
- Theodor Des Coudres (born March 13, 1862 in Veckerhagen, † October 8, 1926 in Leipzig ) became Professor of Physics in Leipzig in 1903.
- Georg Bernhardt (born March 1, 1892 in Veckerhagen, † December 12, 1964 in Bad Wildungen ) was a well-known chess composer .
Personalities who have worked on site
- Denis Papin (1647–1713), physicist , mathematician and inventor ; Designer of pressure cylinders and lifting pumps in the ironworks (around 1706).
- Barbara Christine von Bernhold (1690–1756), imperial countess , mistress and confidante of Landgrave Karl von Hessen-Kassel and confidante and advisor to his son and successor Wilhelm VIII. , 1721–1756 owner of Veckerhagen Castle
- Carl Anton Henschel (1780–1861), founder of the Henschel & Son machine factory in Kassel .
- Robert Wilhelm Bunsen (1811–1899), German chemist; carried out physical and chemical investigations on the blast furnace of the ironworks in 1838.
- Hermann-Josef Rapp (* 1944), forester and conservationist; from 1972 to 2000 worked in the Reinhardshagen Forestry Office, known as the "voice of the Reinhardswald".
- Walter Schliephacke (1877–1955), German church painter of the late Romantic period from Ilsenburg (Harz) , lived in Vaake from 1943 to 1947.
literature
- Karl August Eckhardt: Studia Corbeiensia , 1970
- Walter Gerland: Veckerhagen - between Weser and Reinhardwald. The story of an Oberweser village , Veckerhagen 1965
- Walter Gerland: About the early history of the districts Vaake and Veckerhagen , community Reinhardshagen 1978
- Kurt Günther: Die Herrschaft Schöneberg , special print from the magazine f. Hess. Business u. Regional studies. Volume 72, 1961
- Siegfried Lotze (Ed.): Veckerhagen in seven centuries. Contributions to the social, economic and art history of an Oberweser village. Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies V. branch association Hofgeismar, Hofgeismar / Reinhardshagen 1997. 364 pp.
- Magda Thierling: Vaake. Contributions to economic and social history in the 18th and 19th centuries. Reinhardshagen community, Reinhardshagen 1992 (Reinhardshäger Hefte, 3). 207 pp.
See also
- Gahrenberg - about the lignite mining in the mine at Gahrenberg
- Reinhardswald - fairytale forest of the Brothers Grimm
Web links
- Reinhardshagen, Kassel district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- Veckerhagen, district of Kassel. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- Literature about Reinhardshagen in the Hessian Bibliography
- Link catalog on Reinhardshagen at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hessian State Statistical Office: Population status on December 31, 2019 (districts and urban districts as well as municipalities, population figures based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
- ^ DWD , last accessed: March 21, 2014.
- ↑ Federal Environment Agency , last accessed: March 21, 2014
- ↑ Göttingen City Archives , last accessed: March 21, 2014
- ↑ List of companies with forced laborers (page 32) ( Memento of July 8, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Stock list (page 222) (PDF; 1.5 MB) ( Memento from January 21, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Amalgamation of communities to form the community "Reinhardshagen", Hofgeismar district on January 7, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 4 , p. 139 , point 160 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.3 MB ]).
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 398 .
- ↑ HSL population figures in Hessian municipalities ( memento of the original from May 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Data and facts about Reinhardshagen: Population statistics. In: website. Reinhardshagen community, accessed August 2020 .
- ^ Vaake, Kassel district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of October 16, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- ^ Veckerhagen, district of Kassel. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of July 8, 2019). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- ↑ statistik-hessen.de
- ^ Result of the municipal election on March 6, 2016. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in April 2016 .
- ^ Hessian State Statistical Office: Result of the municipal elections on March 27, 2011
- ^ Hessian State Statistical Office: Result of the municipal elections on March 26, 2006
- ↑ Reinhardshagen. Kommunalflaggen.de
- ↑ Various other years of construction between 1683 and 1694 are suggested in the literature.
- ↑ Reception forecast by the DVB-T Task Force from ARD and ZDF
- ↑ Federal and State Statistical Offices 2006
Ahnatal | Bad Emstal | Bad Karlshafen | Baunatal | Breuna | Calden | Espenau | Fuldabrück | Fulda Valley | Grebenstein | Habichtswald | Helsa | Hofgeismar | Immenhausen | Kaufungen | Liebenau | Lohfelden | Naumburg | Nieste | Niestetal | Reinhardshagen | Schauenburg | Söhrewald | Trendelburg | Vellmar | Wesertal | Wolfhagen | Zierenberg
Community-free area in the Kassel
district of Reinhardswald estate
