Boyneburg and Schickeberg near Breitau

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Boyneburg and Schickeberg nature reserve near Breitau

IUCN Category IV - Habitat / Species Management Area

View from the southwest to the nature reserve (mountains on the horizon)

View from the southwest to the nature reserve (mountains on the horizon)

location Sontra and Ringgau , Werra-Meißner district , Hesse
surface 211.51 ha
Identifier 1636004
WDPA ID 81445
Natura 2000 ID (FFH)
DE-4726-401 (SPA) DE-4926-350 (FFH)
DE-4726-401 (SPA)
FFH area 292.62 hectares
Geographical location 51 ° 5 '  N , 10 ° 0'  E Coordinates: 51 ° 5 '0 "  N , 10 ° 0' 17"  E
Boyneburg and Schickeberg near Breitau (Hesse)
Boyneburg and Schickeberg near Breitau
Sea level from 300 m to 513.0 m ( ø 400 m)
Setup date NSG 1988 (1965)
FFH area 2008

Boyneburg and Schickeberg near Breitau is the name for a nature reserve and a fauna and flora habitat (FFH area) in the Werra-Meißner district in northern Hesse . The two protected areas have slightly different areas; the FFH area extends over the nature reserve by almost 35%. Both protected areas are divided; The smaller, more southerly area around the Erbberg has almost the same shape, but in the larger northern area around Schickeberg and Boyneburg the FFH area extends further east into the forest area.

Geographical location

The protected area Boyneburg and Schickeberg extends along the municipal boundary between Sontra and Ringgau north of the village of Breitau and is located in the districts of Breitau, Krauthausen , Wichmannshausen and Grandenborn .

With the mountains Boyneburg ( 513  m ) Send Mountain ( 500.2  m ) and Erbberg ( 427.6  m ) is located on the northwestern edge of Ringgau - Plateau . In terms of nature , the area is assigned to the main unit group of the Thuringian Basin with edge plates (D18) as a sub-unit of the Ringgau . In the west it goes over into the natural area Fulda-Werra-Bergland with the subunit Hosbach-Sontra-Bergland .

The north-south extension is just under four kilometers, the east-west extension a maximum of three kilometers and the largest south-west-northeast extension just under five kilometers.

description

The larger northern part of the NSG and FFH area - the forest area around the Boyneburg mountain from the north
View of the Erbberg, smaller southern part of the protected areas

Parts of the area are part of three protected areas:

  • The nature reserve is the area with the number 1636004 and a total area of ​​211.51 hectares since December 1988. Sub-areas were protected since 1965. The county road  23 between Breitau and Grand Born divides the reserve into two unequal faces: Boyneburg and Chic mountain with 1.93 km 2 and 0.19 km Erbberg with two . The larger area of ​​Boyneburg and Schickeberg leads north of the county road on the western edge of the forest area around the Schickeberg, follows the forest course to the northeast to the headwaters of the Jakobsgraben, immediately excludes it to the east, continues north above the headwaters through the forest and, to the east, the clearing to lead the Boyneburg immediately, further about 500 m north to the tree line. Here the border follows the edge of the forest in a south-easterly direction and then crosses the forest to the south almost back to the Boyneburg. The border of the protected area then stretches along a forest path to the south-east to the eastern edge of the forest, in order to return to the district road 23 following this south around the Schickeberg. The small area around the Erbberg lies to the west around the hilltop with an almost equally large southeastern arm.
  • In the Natura 2000 protected area system, which is networked in Europe , it has an area of ​​291 ha as FFH area DE-4926-350. The area boundaries were set in the Statute and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse in January 2008. Compared to the nature reserve, this is around 42 Hectares of oval contiguous forest area east of the Boyneburg and south of Gut Harmuthshausen up to Röhrda , an additional part of the FFH area.
  • The landslide on Schickeberg and the rock fall of the ten o'clock cliffs form the southern part of the three-part, 464-hectare EU bird sanctuary DE-4726-401 rock cliffs in the Werra-Meißner district (this also includes parts of the Hessian Switzerland nature reserves at Meinhard and Plesse- Konstein ). The natural, wood-free limestone cliffs as breeding grounds for eagle owls and peregrine falcons provide protection.

In 2016, the area became part of the Meißner-Kaufunger Wald nature park, which was renamed Geo-Naturpark Frau-Holle-Land (Werratal.Meißner.Kaufunger Wald) in 2017 .

Geological importance

Distribution of habitat types in the NSG area
Woodruff
Lady's slipper
The great mouse-eared mouse
Märzenbecherwiese
Lime beech forest on the Erbberg

The FFH area lies in the geological layers of the Lower Muschelkalk and in the marl of the Upper Buntsandstein .

The open landslides and rock formations are considered to be geologically very significant (the last landslide occurred in 1956). The limestone quarries in particular are considered geological rarities. Nowhere else in Germany are rocky slopes of this kind created by Muschelkalk rockfalls as common as on the western edge of the Thuringian Basin . They arise because the hard lower shell limestone is underlain by soft, easily weatherable claystone of the Röt and initially protects it against erosion, until the overlying rock finally tears open at a crack and the outer part slides down the slope as a clod on the Röt clay Leaving a rock face behind. The Boyneburg and Schickeberg area with the more northerly nature reserves Hessian Switzerland near Meinhard and Kalkklippen south of the Iberg is considered to be the largest active landslide area in Hesse.

Habitat types and species

In 2004, on behalf of the Upper Nature Conservation Authority of the Kassel regional council , scientists examined the four habitat types (LRT) found in the large deciduous forest area as part of the reporting obligation for the implementation of the EU Habitats Directive :

As a result, all of the forest types listed are considered to be very natural and rich in structure. They provide a habitat for many plants and animals that have become rare. In particular, the parts of the forest in the inaccessible areas of the often extremely steep slopes are classified by the scientists as being of national importance. Because these areas can hardly be cultivated, a state close to the jungle with rich vegetation has developed. An important occurrence of yew trees in natural locations throughout Hesse is of exceptional rank . In the action plan there is a reference to four caves in the north (original NSG) and north-east (FFH extension) of the protected area, which are used by bats as winter quarters.

As a result, the following natural features are listed, which determine the need for protection of the FFH area:

  • Occurrence on extensive limestone or semi-arid grasslands in various stages of shrubbery . During the state monitoring in 2010, the thyme blue ant, which is rare in Hesse, was identified as a species in accordance with Annex IV of the Habitats Directive . However, the condition of the population is assessed as bad (C) . In the FFH area, the reason is considered to be the excessive shrubbery with juniper or the already existing forest cover on the limestone grasslands. The thyme stocks are low; There are no finds of pre-imaginal stages .
  • Lean lowland hay meadows below the forest zones with orchards and occurrences of the meadow foxtail and the great meadow button
  • Limestone scree slopes of the collines up to the montane elevation
  • The limestone cliffs with crevice vegetation are considered to be the character habitats of the FFH area. The moss and lichen communities in connection with the crevice vegetation in this part of the protected area are worth protecting.
  • Mixed ravine and hillside forests that are populated by the rough owl as a value-determining species.
  • Caves that are not open to tourists and are located in the north and northeast of the protected area and are used by bats as winter quarters. All caves are demolition fissures of the Lower Muschelkalk, these are crevices that have formed through partial slides of limestone clods in the area of ​​the demolition slopes. The five smaller caves only reach a length of just under or over ten meters in height or length, two more are 15 or 25 meters long, only the spiral staircase cave reaches a length of up to 120 meters and has an area of ​​180 m 2 . Only in the larger cave were a certain number of other cave-dwelling species, besides bats, found, including the Great Cave Spider , Spider of the Year 2012.
  • Labkraut- Oak hornbeam forests , where rare species of trees such as serviceberry and winter Linde are available.
  • Woodruff beech forests and orchid-lime beech forests with stable, larger occurrences of liverworts and Märzenbecher ; the beech forest varieties together take up almost two thirds of the FFH area and characterize the protected area. A large number of bird species and the abundance of orchids are characteristic here.
  • Base Rich or lime pioneer lawns, patchy basophils or lime pioneer lawns, planting sociologically as Association Alysso-Sedion albi referred, which are in good condition, a good stock of lichens companies have and in the Red List lists the state of Hesse are

In addition to these valuable habitat types, which were the reason for the designation of the Natura 2000 area, the protected area includes other biotope types. For example, sprinkled, raised pine forests occur. Blue grass turf with occurrences of the Alpine thistle grows in clearings in the forest and above the limestone cliffs .

Occurrences of the lynx and the great mouse-eared mouse are indicated in the area, as well as small occurrences of the yellow lady's slipper , the only naturally occurring species of the subfamily Cypripedioideae of orchids in Germany , which is under strict protection according to the Habitats Directive (Appendix II) . Since the occurrence of the lady's slipper in Hesse is generally unfavorable and in poor condition, its protection is of particular importance. Other, rare and significant plant species in the area include pale orchid and purple orchid (a total of 19 orchid species alone), wolf monkshood , forest goat's beard , grape lily . To butterfly fauna include White Admiral , apatura iris and dark green fritillary .

The population of midwife toads living outside the protected area around Gut Boyneburgk could use the FFH area as a retreat, but has not yet been proven within the protected area. The sand lizard could be found in three areas.

Impressive elements of the area are also the numerous rock formations with their crevice vegetation. Many lichens and mosses can be found there, which are also considered endangered. The limestone cliffs created by the rocky slide-like movements are of particular importance for bird protection . There are nest sites of peregrine falcon and eagle owl on the mighty eruption of the ten o'clock cliffs and also on smaller rock faces .

Former settlements

The highest point of the protected area is the 513  m high shell limestone plateau with the Boyneburg of the same name , located almost in the middle of the larger northern part . This is a listed castle ruin from the late early Middle Ages . The castle hill, which was settled in the late Neolithic up to the Iron Age , and later Celtic fortress, was first owned in the Middle Ages by the Counts of Northeim and their heirs, who died out with Siegfried IV von Boyneburg . In the 12th century it served as a central place to control the imperial estates between Harz and Wetterau and as court and imperial diet , it was visited several times by Emperor Barbarossa . Reichsburg and bone of contention between Hesse and Thuringia , the castle was later owned by Hesse and namesake of the Reichsministerialien family of those von Boyneburg . Not permanently inhabited as early as the 15th century, it became a ruin after the turmoil of the Thirty Years' War . The high medieval castle ruins are located on the northern edge of the plateau of the older Fliehburg and were protected by a ditch . The area of ​​the Fliehburg is still free of forest and forms a clearing in the beech forest. The area, interpreted as a former tournament site, is occasionally used as a festival meadow by the neighboring towns. It was therefore left out of the designation of the protected area.

To the west of the Schickeberg and south of the Jakobsgraben (the beginning of the tree valley in the direction of Krauthausen ) lies the Schickenberg desert , an abandoned village that was mentioned in documents in 1345 (a document from 1141 cannot be unequivocally assigned) and was described as a desert as early as the mid-15th century . The traces were lost in the 16th century. Today remains of the foundation wall of the church can still be found. Four sovereign farms in the village were mentioned. Ceramic remains found in the surrounding area are reported for the period from 10./11. until 13./14. Century and seem to depict the settlement well. The high proportion of Thuringian ceramics, which suggests a settlement from Thuringia to the east, is astonishing .

On the south-western edge between the two parts of the protected area and about 1.5 km north of Breitau was already 993 by a gift of the Roman-German King Otto III. Documented settlement and Gangesthal desert, which was lost around 1330 .

East of the southern part of the NSG on the southeastern slope of the Erbberg in the Grandenborner Aue lies the Beierod desert ("Beyenrodt, Boimerod"), but the place was only mentioned in documents as early as 1590 as a forest area divided between Breitau and Grandenborn .

Tourist development

With several partly steep ascents and descents, the premium hiking trail P13 leads 17 km as a circular route through the protected area. It starts east of the protected area in Ringgau- Grandenborn . The highlight of the tour is the Boyneburg. The lowest point is 338  m on the county road. Only a few meters east of the southern turning point of the hiking trail is the Hochhausen desert , which is already outside the protected area and was last proven to be inhabited in 1359 .

The Barbarossaweg long-distance hiking trail with the signposting "X8" leads from Sontra - Wichmannshausen through the protected area over the heights of the Boyneburg to Ringgau- Röhrda . The approximately 326 km long long-distance hiking trail passes through the northern part of the nature reserve during the hike in 15 day stages from Korbach in the Hessian district of Waldeck-Frankenberg to Tilleda in the Kyffhäuser Mountains in the district of Mansfeld-Südharz in Saxony-Anhalt about halfway through the eighth day stage.

See also

literature

  • Lothar and Sieglinde Nitsche, Marcus Schmidt: Protect - experience - maintain nature reserves in Hesse ; Volume 3: Werra-Meißner-Kreis and Kreis Hersfeld-Rotenburg , Cognitio-Verlag, Niedenstein 2005, ISBN 978-3-932583-13-1 . Pp. 108-111
  • Hilmar Schmitt: Freizeitland Hessen: experienced on the 50 most beautiful routes and hikes , Volume 1, Verlag Ringier, Munich / Zurich 1979, ISBN 978-3-85859-107-4 . P. 114

Web links

Commons : Boyneburg and Schickeberg nature reserve near Breitau  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ WPDA 81445: Boyneburg and Schickeberg near Breitau (with NSG map); Retrieved February 22, 2017, from protectedplanet.net
  2. ↑ a b c 4926-350 Boyneburg and Schickeberg near Breitau.  (FFH area) Profiles of the Natura 2000 areas. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation . Retrieved November 25, 2017.
  3. ↑ a b c d Lothar & Sieglinde Nitsche, Marcus Schmidt: Protecting - experiencing - maintaining nature reserves in Hessen ; Volume 3: Werra-Meißner-Kreis and Kreis Hersfeld-Rotenburg , Cognitio-Verlag, Niedenstein 2005, ISBN 978-3-932583-13-1 . Pp. 108-111.
  4. ↑ District of Kassel: The Meißner-Kaufunger Wald nature park has a new name: Geonaturpark Frau Holle Land , from January 19, 2017, accessed on January 19, 2017, on hna.de.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Action plan FFH 4926-350 Boyneburgk and Schickeberg near Breitau , Kassel Regional Council, Upper Nature Conservation Authority , (PDF; 4.23 MB), as of December 2013; accessed on February 23, 2017
  6. ↑ a b Flyer MKW Boyneburg with information on the FFH area, private website (PDF; 876 KB); accessed on February 22, 2017
  7. ↑ Collection of basic data for monitoring and management FFH area no. 4926-350 "Boyneburg and Schickeberg near Breitau" carried out in 2004 by the Nidda planning plant
  8. ↑ a b Collection of basic data for monitoring and management: FFH area no. 4926-350 “Boyneburg and Schickeberg near Breitau” , Nature Conservation Center Hessen and the PlanWerk Nidda company , November 2004; accessed on February 23, 2017
  9. ↑ Federal sample monitoring and state monitoring of the thyme ant blues Glaucopsyche (Maculinea) arion in Hesse , website of the Hessian State Office for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology (PDF; 4.023 MB); accessed on February 22, 2017
  10. ↑ 4926-350 Boyneburg and Schickeberg near Breitau , Annex 3a (Conservation objectives of habitat types according to Annex I FFH Directive), website Kassel Regional Council: FFH areas; accessed on February 22, 2017
  11. ↑ Schickenberg, Werra-Meißner district. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of February 17, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on March 1, 2017 .
  12. ↑ Gangesthal, Werra-Meißner district. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of February 17, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on March 1, 2017 .
  13. ↑ Beierod, Werra-Meißner district. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of February 17, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on March 1, 2017 .
  14. ↑ EntdeckerTour Boyneburg P13 , premium hiking trail in the low mountain range, at the Deutsche Wanderinstitut e. V., accessed February 20, 2017
  15. ^ Hochhausen, Werra-Meißner district. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of June 13, 2016). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on April 3, 2017 .