Trimberg near Reichensachsen

Trimberg near Reichensachsen IUCN Category IV - Habitat / Species Management Area
View from the Vierbachtal on the north side of the Trimberg.
location	East of Reichensachsen and north of Oetmannshausen in the Werra-Meißner district in North Hesse
surface	NSG 62.0 hectares / FFH area 158.8 hectares
Identifier	1636024
WDPA ID	165949
Natura 2000 ID	4825-301
Geographical location	51 ° 9 '  N , 9 ° 58'  E Coordinates: 51 ° 8 '57 "  N , 9 ° 58' 16"  E
Sea level	from 210  m to 380  m
Setup date	NSG 1993 / FFH area 2008
particularities	Special protection as a nature reserve and Natura 2000 area.

The Trimberg near Reichensachsen is a hilltop in the north Hessian Werra-Meißner district , which rises to a height of 332.6  m , to the west and north of the Wehrebogen . The vegetation consists of species-rich beech forests, most of which arose from former coppice forest management . The forests, which are now only extensively used for forestry, are of importance throughout Hesse due to the close interlinking of diverse forest communities on shell limestone, which are accompanied by borders, shrubbery areas and hay meadows. In order to protect the rare animal species living in the Trimberg area and the endangered plant species and their habitats occurring here, the area was declared a nature reserve in December 1993 and later given to the EU Commission as a flora-fauna habitat area for the transnational Natura protected area system Reported in 2000 .

Geographical location

The protected area of ​​the Trimberg is located west of the district of Reichensachsen and north of the district of Oetmannshausen in the municipality of Wehretal in the Werra-Meißner district in Hesse. Between the Trimberg and the weirs, federal road 27 to the east and federal road 7 to the south are in the immediate vicinity . On the east side of the Trimberg the railway line runs between Bebra and Göttingen and to the south and east the abandoned railway line from Reichensachsen West to Waldkappel , sections of which were integrated into the FFH area from the former embankment. The route of the federal motorway 44 , which is still partially in planning or construction, runs in the edge area through two parallel tunnel tubes and at the northern end of the tunnel in an open construction through the protected area.

The reserve is located in the " Geo-Naturpark Frau-Holle-Land ". In terms of natural space , it is assigned to the sub-unit “Finkenberg-Dachsberg-Zug” in the Meißner area of ​​the “ Fulda-Werra-Bergland ”, which belongs to the main unit group “ Osthessisches Bergland ”.

Protected position

With the ordinance of the Kassel regional council of December 9, 1993, the beech forests with the littered limestone lawns and the abandoned clay pit on the south side of the Trimberg were declared a nature reserve. Purpose of the protected status was that of coppice incurred, noble hardwood rich to secure beech forests on shallow soil weathered limestone soils and wetlands in the former Tongrubengelände as a habitat for the occurring there rare animal and plant species to maintain and develop. The reserve with a size of 62.0 hectares has the national identifier 1636024 and the WDPA code 165949.

Since the Trimberg has “natural habitats and species that are worthy of protection” , “which in their specialty represent part of the natural heritage of the European Community” , the nature reserve with an area enlarged to 158.8 hectares was designated as a flora-fauna habitat area with the number 4824-302 Part of the Natura 2000 protected area system . At 158.8 hectares, the FFH area is 95.71 hectares larger than the nature reserve of the same name. The expansion area, with the level determined in the context of studies on the A44 land habitats of the crested newt and the yellow-bellied toad , close to the southeast, south and west directly to the original nature reserve. The northwestern forest area of ​​the adjoining FFH area "Werra- und Wehretal" was also assigned to the Trimberg. The establishment of the area boundaries and the conservation objectives took place in the "Ordinance on Natura 2000 areas in Hesse" of January 16, 2008.

The Trimberg forests are bordered by a large, contiguous deciduous forest area that extends in a north-westerly direction to the Meißner. It belongs to a sub-area of ​​the FFH area 4825-302 "Werra- und Wehretal". With an area of ​​around 24,482 hectares, the largest FFH area in the Werra-Meißner district is primarily intended to protect endangered bat species and to safeguard beech forests with their small-scale open land habitats.

nature

The geological subsoil of the protected area consists of the rocks of the Triassic , shell limestone and red sandstone. Shell limestone forms the main substrate, upper red sandstone , which is called red , is only available in the southern section.

vegetation

In the ridge area of ​​the Trimberg there are still traces of the earlier use as coppice forest.

The forest of the Trimberg is characterized as a species-rich, hardwood-rich lime-beech forest with fringing societies and bushes, which is different in different locations. On the dry areas in the ridge area and on the south-east side, the structures that were created by the earlier cultivation as coppice for the extraction of oak trees can still be seen. On the shallow, stony soils, the vigor of the trees, which have mainly emerged from stick erosion, decreases considerably. The trees only reach a low height here. After the coppice forest was no longer used, the common beech prevailed over the oak as the dominant wood species in natural forest development and forms the plant community of the orchid-beech forest. Indigenous orchids such as lady's slipper and red forest bird find conditions that they like under the light canopy on calcareous rock and in a location with favorable temperatures.

In the fresh areas there is woodruff beech forest, in which a flower-rich plant cover of wood anemones , wild garlic and lark spur spreads before the leaves shoot . Woodruff , forest barley , single-flowered pearl grass , spring flat pea and nettle-leaved bellflower are characteristic of this beech forest .

fauna

In the south of the area there is an abandoned clay pit with steep walls and a pond as well as periodically water-bearing ponds. Until a few years ago, it was used to mine red for a brick factory. The wetlands developed later are the habitat of the comb pig which forms one of the largest known West German populations here and in the near Sengebachtal. The large numbers of the yellow-bellied toad are also remarkable . Crested newt and yellow-bellied toad belong to Annex II of the Habitats Directive as “animal and plant species of community interest, for whose conservation special protection areas must be designated” .

The Trimberg area is also of great importance for nature conservation as a habitat for midwife toads , smooth snakes , sand lizards and forest lizards . Many bat species , among them the strictly protected species great mouse- eared bat and Bechstein's bat , have their hunting grounds here. Black woodpecker , gray woodpecker , middle woodpecker and red- backed red-backed woodpecker are represented in the area among the bird species to be particularly protected under the European Birds Directive .

Among the proven butterflies are gray brown skipper , dovetail , mustard white butterfly , Great Purple Emperor , Dog Violet Fritillary , Perlgrasfalter and Brombeerzipfelfalter the rare species. Among the dragonfly species found in the protected area , the common winter dragonfly and peat damsel are considered endangered.

Cultural and historical significance

An intervention permit permits the excavation of limestone gravel for local road construction on parts of the protected area.

The various biotopes on the Trimberg were created through earlier forms of human use or were shaped by them. They are remnants of a former cultural landscape that is becoming increasingly rare today due to the advancing mechanization and intensification of agriculture and the change in forestry.

The predominant type of use of the forests was traditional coppice forest management , the typical structures of which can still be seen in large areas. Such use took place in the so-called Hauwäldern on Trimberg until around 1940. The embarked wood was mostly utilized as fuel or used to produce tan for tanning of leather production , once at the nearby district town of Eschwege was one of the main industries.

The shell limestone of the Trimberg was excavated in several places in small quarries and used to build roads in the local area. The red in the south was used in the last century until the beginning of the 1990s for brick extraction. Then the clay pit was recultivated.

Tourist development

The hiking trail no.25 leads from Reichensachsen over the Trimberg.

The protected area can be accessed on farm roads and hiking trails 24 and 25 from Reichensachsen and Oetmannshausen.

literature

• Lothar and Sieglinde Nitsche, Marcus Schmidt: Nature reserves in Hessen , Volume 3, cognitio Verlag, Niedenstein 2005, ISBN 3-932583-13-2 .
• BÖF - Office for Applied Ecology and Forest Planning: Basic data collection for FFH area No. 4825-301 “Trimberg near Reichensachsen” . Created on behalf of the Upper Nature Conservation Authority at the Kassel regional council. (Update) Kassel, December 2010.

Web links

Commons : Trimberg bei Reichensachsen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Classification of natural areas according to Otto Klausing in the Hessen Environmental Atlas at atlas.umwelt.hessen.de ; accessed on May 2, 2019.
2. ^ Ordinance on the "Trimberg bei Reichensachsen" nature reserve of December 9, 1993 in the State Gazette for the State of Hesse, issue no. 52/1993 of December 27, 1993, p. 3248 f.
3. ^ "Trimberg bei Reichensachsen" nature reserve in the world database on protected areas; accessed on May 2, 2019.
4. ^ Profile of the FFH area 4825-301 “Trimberg bei Reichensachsen” on the website of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN); accessed on May 2, 2019.
5. ^ Ordinance on the Natura 2000 areas in Hessen in the Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hessen. Part I - No. 4, dated January 16, 2008.
6. ↑ Natura 2000 area “Trimberg bei Reichensachsen” in the world database on protected areas; accessed on May 2, 2019.
7. ↑ Profile of FFH area 4825-302 “Werra- und Wehretal” on the website of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN); accessed on May 2, 2019.
8. ^ ^{A b} Lothar and Sieglinde Nitsche, Marcus Schmidt: Nature reserves in Hessen , Volume 3, p. 153 f.
9. ↑ List of species occurring in Germany in Appendix II of the Fauna Flora Habitat Directive; accessed on May 2, 2019.