Lark spurs

Lark spurs
	Hollow Larkspur ( Corydalis cava )
Systematics
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Eudicotyledons
Order :	Buttercups (Ranunculales)
Family :	Poppy Family (Papaveraceae)
Subfamily :	Fumitoy (Fumarioideae)
Genre :	Lark spurs
Scientific name
	Corydalis
	DC.

The lark spurs ( Corydalis ) form a genus of plants in the subfamily of the fume family (Fumarioideae) within the poppy family (Papaveraceae). The approximately 300 species thrive in the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere ( America , Eurasia , North Africa ) and some species occur in South Africa .

description

Illustration of the Hollow Larkspur ( Corydalis cava ) from Flora Batava , Volume 17

Habit, leaves and inflorescences of the fingered larkspur ( Corydalis solida )

Fruit and seeds of the fern-leaved larkspur ( Corydalis cheilanthifolia )

Appearance and leaves

Corydalis species are annual to perennial herbaceous plants . Tap roots, tubers or rhizomes are formed as persistence organs. The simple or branched stems are erect or creeping. The leaves are mostly composed, but also simple. When the leaves are put together, they are two to six pinnate or lobed.

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowers are in terminal or axillary, paniculate or racemose inflorescences . The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic . The two small sepals fall off early in some species. The four petals standing in two circles are free or fused at their base; the two inner ones are also fused together at the top. The upper petal forms a spur at its base. This spur, which gives the larkspur species a certain resemblance to the crested lark ( Galerida cristata ), led to the common German name "Lerchensporn" (the rear toe nail (rear claw) of the skylark is also known as the larkspur). There are six stamens . The stylus ends in a two-part scar.

Fruits and seeds

In contrast to Fumaria (single-seeded nut ) , the fruit is a two- compartment pod that contains a few or many seeds. The mostly shiny black seeds usually have an elaiosome . Some Corydalis species (species with a tuber , such as Corydalis cava ) have only one cotyledon . The other species have, as is usual with the dicotyledons , two cotyledons.

Mass population of the hollow larkspur ( Corydalis cava ),

Corydalis ambigua

Golden larkspur ( Corydalis aurea )

Fern-leaved larkspur ( Corydalis cheilanthifolia )

Corydalis flavula

Corydalis heterocarpa

Corydalis incisa

Middle Larkspur ( Corydalis intermedia )

Corydalis lineariloba

Noble larkspur ( Corydalis nobilis )

Corydalis ophiocarpa

Dwarf larkspur ( Corydalis pumila )

Corydalis scouleri

Corydalis wilsonii

Systematics and distribution

The genus Corydalis was established in 1805 by Augustine Pyramus de Candolle . Synonyms for Corydalis DC. are: Cysticorydalis Fedde nom. inval., Roborowskia Batalin , Pistolochia Bernhardi .

There are around 300 to 400 species of larkspur species ( Corydalis ), here is a selection:

Aitchison's lark spur ( Corydalis aitchisonii Popov , Syn .: Corydalis nevskii Popov ): It thrives on loamy-stony mountain slopes of the lower mountain range at altitudes between 650 and 2800 meters in eastern Iran , southern Turkmenistan and Afghanistan .
Corydalis alexeenkoana N.Busch , home: Caucasus
Corydalis alpestris C.A.Mey. , occurs in Asia Minor
Corydalis ambigua Cham. & Schltdl. , Homeland: Kamchatka
Narrow-leaved larkspur ( Corydalis angustifolia (M.Bieb.) DC. ): It occurs in the Caucasus, Turkey and Iran and naturalized near St. Petersburg.
Golden Larkspur ( Corydalis aurea Willd. ): It is widespread from Alaska and Canada to the United States and Mexico.
Corydalis blanda Schott : There are several subspecies, including:
- Corydalis blanda subsp. parnassica (Orph. & Heldr. ex Boiss.) Lidén : It occurs in Greece.
Finger-leaf lark spur ( Corydalis bracteata (Steph. Ex Willd.) Pers. ), Home: Altai, Kuznetsk Alatau , Sajan, Lake Baikal area in Siberia, naturalized near St. Petersburg
Corydalis brevipedicellata Lidén , home: Asia Minor
Corydalis buschii Nakai : It occurs in Korea , in Russian Vladivostok and in southeastern Jilin only in Linjiang.
Corydalis × campylochila Teyber is the bastard ( Corydalis cava × Corydalis solida )
Arm-flowered lark spur or white lark spur ( Corydalis capnoides (L.) Pers. ), Native to: Central and Eastern Europe and Asia

Corydalis caseana A.Gray : It is distributed in the US states of northern California , New Mexico , Utah , Idaho , Colorado and eastern Oregon .

Blue Himalayan larkspur or Kashmiri larkspur ( Corydalis cashmeriana Royle ): It thrives at altitudes of 2700 to 5400 meters in Kashmir, the Himalayas and in southeastern Tibet .

Coradalis caucasica DC. , Home: Turkey, Caucasus region

Hollow Corydalis ( Corydalis cava . (L.) Schweigg & Korte , Syn .: Corydalis tuberosa DC. , Fumaria bulbosa var. Cava L. ): There are several subtypes:

Corydalis cava subsp. blanda (Schott) Nyman , it occurs in Greece and in the former Yugoslavia. Some authors also regard it as a separate species: Corydalis blanda Schott .
Corydalis cava subsp. cava
Corydalis cava subsp. marshaliana (Pallas) Chater , found in Southeast Europe and Asia Minor

Corydalis chaerophylla DC. : It occurs in India, Nepal and Bhutan.

Fern-leaved lark spur ( Corydalis cheilanthifolia Hemsl. ), Home: It thrives in light, rocky forests and on stream banks at altitudes of 850 to 1700 meters in western China.

Corydalis conorhiza Ledeb. , Home: Turkey, Caucasus

Corydalis cornuta Royle : It is widespread in tropical Africa, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and Tibet.

Corydalis curvisiliqua (A.Gray) A.Gray : The two subspecies occur in the US states of Texas, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas and Oklahoma.

Corydalis decumbens (Thunb.) Pers. : It is common in Japan, Taiwan and in the Chinese provinces of Anhui, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shanxi and Zhejiang.

Corydalis diphylla Wall. : The homeland is India, Nepal and northern Pakistan.

Corydalis elata Bureau & Franch. : It thrives at altitudes of 2900 to 4000 meters only in western Sichuan.

Corydalis erdelii Zucc. , Home: Middle East

Corydalis flavula (Raf.) DC. : The home is the USA and Ontario in Canada.

Sichuan larkspur ( Corydalis flexuosa Franch. ): The two subspecies thrive in forests, clearings, on grass slopes, river banks and on damp rocks at altitudes of 1300 to 2700 meters only in the central part of the Chinese province of Sichuan.

Corydalis fumariifolia Maxim. , Home: East Asia

Corydalis glaucescens rule , homeland: Central Asia

Corydalis gracilis Ledeb. , Home: China

Corydalis haussknechtii Lidén , homeland: Turkey, Iraq

Corydalis henrikii Lidén , native country: Turkey

Corydalis heterocarpa Siebold & Zucc. : It occurs in Japan and in the Chinese provinces of Shandong as well as in northwestern Zhejiang (only in Putuo).

Corydalis incisa (Thunb.) Pers. : They spread in Japan, Korea, Taiwan and China.

Corydalis integra W.Barbey & Major (Syn .: Corydalis wettsteinii Adamović ), occurs in the Aegean Sea, Asia Minor, Greece and Bulgaria

Middle lark spur ( Corydalis intermedia (L.) Mérat ): It is common in Europe.

Corydalis ledebouriana Kar. & Kir. , Home: Central Asia, Afghanistan

Corydalis lineariloba Siebold & Zucc. , occurs in Japan

Corydalis linstowiana Fedde : It thrives at altitudes of 1300 to 3400 meters only in western Sichuan.

Corydalis malkensis Galushko , native to the Caucasus

Corydalis micrantha (Engelm. Ex A.Gray) A.Gray : The home is the USA and the northern Chihuahua.

Corydalis mira (Batalin) CYWu & H.Chuang : It occurs in northern Kashmir and thrives in western Xinjiang at altitudes of 2600 to 3400 meters.

Corydalis moorcroftiana Wall. ex Hook. f. & Thomson : It occurs in western Tibet at altitudes of 4,000 to 5,400 meters and in India and Kashmir .

Noble lark spur ( Corydalis nobilis (L.) Pers. ): Origin: Central Asia, in Scandinavia often a neophyte.

Corydalis nudicaulis rule , origin: Central Asia

Corydalis ophiocarpa Hook. f. & Thomson : It is common in India, Bhutan, China and Japan.

Corydalis ochotensis Turcz. , Home: Eastern Siberia, Northern China, Manchuria, Korea, Japan

Corydalis ophiocarpa Hook. f. & Thomson , home: Himalayas, China, Japan, Taiwan

Corydalis oppositifolia DC. : The two subspecies are common in Asia Minor.

Corydalis paczoskii N. Busch : It occurs in southern Ukraine and in the Crimea .

Corydalis parnassica Boiss. , occurs only in Greece

Corydalis paschei Lidén , home: Southwest Turkey

Popov lark spur ( Corydalis popovii Nevski ex Popov ): It thrives at altitudes of 900 to 1900 meters in western Tajikistan .

Dwarf Larkspur ( Corydalis pumila (Host) Rchb. ): It is common in Europe.

Corydalis repens Mandl & Muehld. : It is common in Russia's Far East , Korea, and the Chinese provinces of Heilongjiang , Jilin and Liaoning .

Corydalis rutifolia (Sm.) DC. : It only occurs in Cyprus .

Meadow rue lark spur ( Corydalis saxicola Bunting , Syn .: C. thalictrifolia Franch. ), Home: China, at altitudes between 600 and 3900 meters.

Karatau lark spur ( Corydalis schanginii (Pall.) B.Fedtsch. ), Native to: Western Siberia, Central Asia, China, Mongolia, occurs in two subspecies

Corydalis scouleri Hook. : The home is British Columbia, Washington and Oregon.

Sewerzow lark spur ( Corydalis sewerzowii rule ), home: West Pamir

Corydalis shimienensis C.Y.Wu & ZYSu : It occurs only in western Sichuan at altitudes between 1000 and 2800 meters.

Corydalis smithiana Fedde : It thrives at altitudes of 2000 and 3600 meters in the Chinese provinces of Yunnan and Sichuan.

Fingered lark spur ( Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv. , Syn .: Corydalis bulbosa (L.) DC. , Fumaria bulbosa L. , Fumaria bulbosa var. Solida L. ), also called solid (bulbous) he lark spur, with at least five Subspecies:

subsp. densiflora (C.Presl) Hayek , occurs in Italy and Sicily
subsp. incisa Lidén : It thrives in the mountains of the Balkan Peninsula .
subsp. oligantha (Trinajstic) Greuter & Burdet , occurs only in Croatia
subsp. solida (incl. subsp. slivenensis (Velen.) Hayek , which occurs only in Bulgaria and in the former Yugoslavia)
subsp. subremota Popov ex Lidén & Zetterlund , occurs in Siberia (Krasnoyarsk)

Corydalis tauricola (Cullen & PH Davis) Lidén , native to: Asia Minor

Corydalis ternata (Nakai) Nakai : It occurs in Korea and in the Chinese provinces of Jilin and Liaoning.

Corydalis tomentella Franch. : It thrives at altitudes of 700 to 1000 meters in China.

Corydalis triternata Zucc. , Home: Middle East

Corydalis turtschaninovii Besser (Syn .: Corydalis remota fish. Ex Maxim. ): Home: Russia

Corydalis uniflora (Sieber) Nyman (subsp as subspecies. Uniflora (Sieber) Cullen & PHDavis to Corydalis rutifolia provided): She is endemic of Crete.

Corydalis wendelboi Lidén , native country: Turkey

Wilson's Larkspur ( Corydalis wilsonii N.E.Br. ): It thrives at altitudes of around 1500 meters in central China.

Corydalis yanhusuo (YHChou & Chun C.Hsu) WTWang : It is widespread in the Chinese provinces of Anhui, Henan (only in Tanghe, Xinyang), Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu and Zhejiang and is also found in Beijing, Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Yunnan cultivated.

Corydalis zhongdianensis Z.Y.Su & Lidén : It thrives at altitudes of 3100 to 3700 meters in southern Sichuan (only in Yanyuan) and northwestern Yunnan.

For example, the following belonged to the genus Corydalis and today to other genera:

Creeping lark spur ( Corydalis claviculata L. ) => Ceratocapnos claviculata (L.) Lidén
Pale yellow lark spur ( Corydalis ochroleuca W.DJKoch ) => pale yellow sham smoke ( Pseudofumaria alba (Mill.) Lidén )

Yellow lark spur ( Corydalis lutea (L.) DC. ) => Yellow sham smoke ( Pseudofumaria lutea (L.) Borkh. )

Corydalis canadensis Goldie => Dicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walp.

Corydalis glauca Pursh and Corydalis sempervirens (L.) Pers. => Evergreen lark spur ( Capnoides sempervirens (L.) Borkh. )

swell

Kingsley R. Stern: Corydalis - same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 3: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 1997, ISBN 0-19-511246-6 .
Mingli Zhang, Zhiyun Su, Magnus Lidén: Corydalis , p. 295 - online with the same text as the printed work, In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 7 - Menispermaceae through Capparaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2008, ISBN 978-1-930723-81-8 . (Sections Description, Distribution and Systematics)
Saiyad Masudal Hasan Jafri: Fumariaceae. : Corydalis at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
AB Mowat, AO Chater: Corydalis Vent. In: Thomas Gaskell Tutin u. a .: Flora Europaea. Volume 1, 2nd edition, pages 303-305. Cambridge University Press 1993. ISBN 0-521-41007-X
Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen: Atlas florae europaeae. Volume 9 (Paeoniaceae to Capparaceae). Pages 66-77, Helsinki 1991. ISBN 951-9108-08-4
Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller: Excursion flora from Germany. Volume 5. Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants. Spectrum Academic Publishing House. Berlin, Heidelberg 2008. ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8
Werner Greuter , HM Burdet, G. Long: MED Checklist. Volume 4, pages 270-273, Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques, Genève 1989. ISBN 2-8277-0154-5

Single references

↑ Lidén M. (1993) Fumariaceae. In: Kubitzki K., Rohwer JG, Bittrich V. (eds) Flowering Plants · Dicotyledons. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Corydalis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q Mingli Zhang, Zhiyun Su, Magnus Lidén: Corydalis , p. 295 - online with the same text as the printed work, In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China. Volume 7 - Menispermaceae through Capparaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2008, ISBN 978-1-930723-81-8 .
↑ Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great zander. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .

Web links

Commons : Lark spurs ( Corydalis ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

[1] Lidén M. (1993) Fumariaceae. In: Kubitzki K., Rohwer JG, Bittrich V. (eds) Flowering Plants · Dicotyledons. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

[GRIN-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Corydalis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[FoC-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q Mingli Zhang, Zhiyun Su, Magnus Lidén: Corydalis , p. 295 - online with the same text as the printed work, In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China. Volume 7 - Menispermaceae through Capparaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2008, ISBN 978-1-930723-81-8 .

[Zander2008-4] Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great zander. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .