Yellow lark spur

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Yellow lark spur
Yellow Larkspur (Pseudofumaria lutea)

Yellow Larkspur ( Pseudofumaria lutea )

Systematics
Eudicotyledons
Order : Buttercups (Ranunculales)
Family : Poppy Family (Papaveraceae)
Subfamily : Fumitoy (Fumarioideae)
Genre : Light lark spurs
Type : Yellow lark spur
Scientific name of the  genus
Pseudofumaria
Medic.
Scientific name of the  species
Pseudofumaria lutea
( L. ) Borkh.

The yellow lark spur ( Pseudofumaria lutea , syn .: Corydalis lutea ) is a plant species within the poppy family (Papaveraceae). According to the more recent systematics, this species is placed together with the pale yellow lark spur in the genus of the false lark spurs ( Pseudofumaria medic. ).

description

Gelber Lerchensporn
Illustration in:
Jakob Sturm: Germany's flora in illustrations ,
Stuttgart 1796
inflorescence
Illustration from Flora Batava Volume 15

Appearance and leaf

The yellow larkspur is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of between 15 and 20 centimeters. The plant is usually very branched from the ground up and therefore grows bushy.

The leafless, light green to slightly bluish-green leaves are double to triple pinnate. The pinnate sections are usually no more than one and a half times as long as they are wide. At the base they are narrowed in a long wedge shape and often lobed in front.

Inflorescence, flower, fruit and seeds

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The flowers of the yellow lark spur appear almost all summer (May to September) and are in terminal, 4-20-flowered racemose inflorescences . These inflorescences are dense at first, but they elongate later. The hermaphroditic flowers are zygomorphic and 14-20 mm long. The bracts are yellow, the two outer bracts are often, but not always, lighter lemon yellow, the two inner ones a bit darker orange-yellow. The spur is 2–4 mm long. The fruit is pendulous and about 10 mm long. The seeds are smooth and about 1.5 mm long.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28, 56 or 64.

Occurrence

The yellow lark spur is a sub-Mediterranean floral element , the area of ​​origin of which is believed to be in the southern Alps from Lake Maggiore to Croatia. Its actual area can hardly be determined today because of its naturalization and naturalization. In Central Europe it is only found in the Southern Limestone Alps between Lake Maggiore and the Dolomites ; he colonizes crevices and debris heaps with calcareous rock.

Originally probably an inhabitant of calcareous crevices in societies of the Thlaspietea class, the yellow lark spur probably comes from the southern Alps , but has since been carried off to almost all temperate and warmer areas of the world. In Central Europe it is widespread everywhere in wall cracks or at the bottom of walls. You can often find him in cracks in walls even in city centers. It thrives in Central Europe in the Cymbalarietum from the Centrantho-Parietarion association, but also occurs in companies of the Potentillion caulescentis association.

The yellow larkspur is used as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens.

The yellow lark spur thrives best on well-infiltrated, rocky-stony soils that should be calcareous and even rich in lime. He prefers areas with mild winters. It is introduced as an ornamental plant in rock gardens, and it has grown wild in areas with a mild winter climate on walls, but also in warm bushes and in sparse forests.

toxicology

The yellow lark spur contains poisonous alkaloids , especially in the tuber .

Sources and further information

literature

  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Rudolf Schubert, Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (eds.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG. Founded by Werner Rothmaler . 14th edition. Volume 2: Vascular Plants , People and Knowledge, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 .
  • M. Lidén: Pseudofumaria Medicus. In: Thomas Gaskell Tutin u. a .: Flora Europaea . 2nd Edition, Volume 1, Page 305. Cambridge University Press 1993. ISBN 0-521-41007-X

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Pseudofumaria lutea (L.) Borkh., Gelber Scheinerdrauch. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  428 .
  3. ^ Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (ed.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 1: General Part, Special Part (Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta): Lycopodiaceae to Plumbaginaceae. 2nd, supplemented edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3322-9 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe. Volume 2: Yew plants to butterfly plants. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-440-06192-2 .
  5. ↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica . Random House Australia, 2003. German edition: Tandem Verlag GmbH, 2003. ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 .

Web links

Commons : Yellow Larkspur ( Pseudofumaria lutea )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files