Augustine-Pyrame de Candolle

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Augustine Pyrame de Candolle

Augustin-Pyrame de Candolle , also Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle (born February 4, 1778 in Geneva , † September 9, 1841 there ) was a Swiss botanist and natural scientist. Its official botanical author abbreviation is “ DC. "

Live and act

Augustin-Pyrame de Candolle was the son of Augustin de Candolle, a banker and magistrate, and Louise-Eléonore Brière. He first completed a degree in medicine in Paris , which he completed in 1804. He then studied biology with Georges Cuvier and Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck and carried out work for them. In 1807 he was one of the nine founding members of the Société d'Arcueil . In 1808 he took over a chair for botany at the Faculty of Natural Sciences in Montpellier , where he also headed the Botanical Garden. In Montpellier he met the Mexican botanist José Mariano Mociño , who gave him the records and samples from his botanical expedition with Martín Sessé y Lacasta . In 1816 Candolle returned to Geneva, where he held a chair in botany and zoology at the University of Geneva until 1834 . In 1817 he founded the Jardin botanique de Genève as the first botanical garden in Geneva, on the grounds of the Parc des Bastions . From 1830 to 1832 he was rector of the University of Geneva. He was a member of the Geneva Cantonal Parliament from 1816 to 1841.

Among the contemporaries who strongly influenced him are Alexander von Humboldt , Georg Ludwig Koeler , Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck and Georges Cuvier . His publications include the Historia Plantarum Succulentarum (Histoire des plantes grasses , 1799 to 1803) and Théorie élémentaire de la botanique (1813), in which he presented a new classification system for plants. He is one of the most important botanists of his century and has, among other things, significantly influenced adventitious floristry . His works Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis. (1824–1841) and monograph of the astragalus. (1802) Benjamin Daydon Jackson served as the basis for the creation of the Index Kewensis .

On July 18, 1807, Candolle, together with his local guide Simon Faure, was the first to climb the Pic de Montcalm in the Pyrenees.

Augustin-Pyrame de Candolle's house in Geneva

In 1802 he married Anne-Françoise Torras (1782-1854). The couple had three children: Amella Louise (1803-1804), Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyrame , who also became a botanist and took over his chair in 1835, and Benjamin Charles François (1812-1825).

Honors

In 1810 he was accepted as a corresponding member of the Académie des sciences ; since 1841 he was associé étranger of the academy. In 1818 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina Scholars' Academy , in 1820 a foreign member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and 1827 a corresponding member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences . Since 1826 he was a corresponding and since 1835 honorary member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg . The Royal Society , of which he was an external member since 1822, awarded him the Royal Medal in 1833 . In 1823 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh .

After him the genera Candollea Mirb. from the family of polypodiaceae (Polypodiaceae) Candolleodendron R.S.Cowan of the family Leguminosae (Fabaceae), Candollina Tiegh. from the family of the belt flower plants (Loranthaceae) and Decandolia Bastard from the family of the sweet grasses (Poaceae).

Fonts (selection)

  • Histoire des plantes grasses (1799–1803, German partial translation 1981)
  • Astragalus Monograph (1802)
  • Essai sur les propriétés médicinales des plantes comparées avec leurs formes extérieures et leur classification naturelle (habilitation thesis, 1804, German translation of the 2nd edition 1818).
  • Collaboration in the revision of the "Flore française" by Lamarck (1300 species added, 1805),
  • Catalogus Plantarum Horti Botanici Monspeliensis . 1813 online
  • Théorie élémentaire de la botanique (1813, German translation 1814–1815)
  • Essai élémentaire de geographie botanique (1820)
  • Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis (first 7 volumes, 1824–1841), online
  • Revue de la Famille des Cactées . In: Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle . Volume 17, 1828, pp. 1-119, 21 panels, online .
  • Memoire sur quelques espèces de cactées, nouvelles ou peu connues . Treuttel & Würtz, Paris 1834, online .

Web links

Commons : Augustin Pyramus de Candolle  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Benjamin Dayton Jackson: The new 'Index of Plant-Names'. In: The Botanical Journal - British and Foreign. Vol. XXV. West, Newman & Co., London 1887, pp. 66-71
  2. ↑ Romuald Szramkiewicz: Les Regents et censeurs de la Banque de France nommés sous le Consulat et l'Empire . Librairie Droz, 1974, ISBN 2600033734 , p. 226.
  3. ^ List of members since 1666: Letter C. Académie des sciences, accessed on October 24, 2019 (French).
  4. ↑ Member entry of Augustin Pyramus de Candolle at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , accessed on January 26, 2017.
  5. ^ Members of the previous academies. Augustine Pyramus de Candolle. Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences , accessed on March 4, 2015 .
  6. ^ Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724. Augustin-Pyrame de Candolle. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed August 25, 2015 (Russian).
  7. ^ Entry on Candolle, Augustin Pyramus de (1778 - 1841) in the archive of the Royal Society , London
  8. ^ Fellows Directory. Biographical Index: Former RSE Fellows 1783–2002. Royal Society of Edinburgh, accessed October 16, 2019 .
  9. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
personal data
SURNAME Candolle, Augustin-Pyrame de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Candolle, Augustin-Pyramus de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss botanist
DATE OF BIRTH February 4, 1778
PLACE OF BIRTH Geneva
DATE OF DEATH September 9, 1841
Place of death Geneva