Fingered larkspur

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Fingered larkspur
Fingered larkspur (Corydalis solida)

Fingered larkspur ( Corydalis solida )

Systematics
Eudicotyledons
Order : Buttercups (Ranunculales)
Family : Poppy Family (Papaveraceae)
Subfamily : Fumitoy (Fumarioideae)
Genre : Lark spurs ( Corydalis )
Type : Fingered larkspur
Scientific name
Corydalis solida
( L. ) Clairv.

The Fingered Corydalis ( Corydalis solida , Syn. : Corydalis bulbosa ), and finger-Corydalis , full root-Corydalis or Fixed Corydalis called, is a plant of the genus of Corydalis ( Corydalis ) in the subfamily of Fumitoy (Fumarioideae) within the family of Poppy Family (Papaveraceae). It is common in Eurasia .

description

Subterranean plant parts
illustration
fruit
Habit of the fingered larkspur
Comparison of the inflorescences of fingered (left) and hollow larkspur ; Note in particular the bracts, which are finger-shaped in Corydalis solida and oval and with entire margins in Corydalis cava

Appearance and leaf

The fingered lark spur grows as a clump-forming , perennial , herbaceous plant . The bare, upright, unbranched stem reaches heights of growth of 10 to 20, rarely even 30 centimeters. This pre-summer green geophyte has a brown, firm, spherical tuber ; this is indicated by the specific epithet solida ( Latin for solid). At the base of the stalk sits a scaly lower leaf , in the armpit of which there is often a sterile branch.

The blue-green leaves consist of three deeply incised leaves.

Inflorescence and flower

The flowering period extends from March to early May. The terminal, racemose inflorescence contains up to fifteen crowded flowers that overhang slightly with age. The bracts of the flowers are ovate-lanceolate and divided into finger-shaped tips by several deep incisions (hence the German name Gefingerter Lerchensporn).

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic with a length of 10 and 20 millimeters . Sepals are absent. The color of the petals varies from light blue to pale lavender to dull purple, rarely they are also white or light red. The upper lip of the flower is broadly edged and has a flat hem. The inner petals are winged keeled on the back and have a wing that extends over the tip. The spur is straight and about as long as the rest of the flower.

Fruit and seeds

The fruit is an approximately 1.5 to 2 centimeters long hanging pod without a septum, two-lobed pod , which contains several black, kidney-shaped seeds.

Chromosome set

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.

ecology

Fingered larkspur is a pre-summer green, hygromorphic geophyte .

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

It usually takes several years for the fingered larkspur to bloom for the first time. The fingered lark's spur smells strongly in the sun. The pollination is done by insects . But only long-nosed insects have a chance to get to the nectar hidden in the spur of the upper petal . The short-nosed bumblebees therefore often choose a shortcut and bite the spur from the outside.

The seeds are spread by ants ( myrmechory ). This is caused by seed appendages (so-called oil bodies), which serve as food for the ants. The ants drag the seeds into their burrow and after the oil has been consumed, the remains are removed from the burrow. Now the seeds can germinate under favorable conditions.

The fingered larkspur is the nectar supplier for the brimstone butterfly and fodder for the black apollo caterpillar .

Occurrence and endangerment

The fingered larkspur is a European floral element . The fingered larkspur is common in Central and Northern Europe as well as in Western Asia. Its area extends in the west to the Pyrenees ; northward to southeastern Sweden , southern Finland and northern Russia ; the eastern border lies in the Volga region ; in the south it occurs only in the European mountains (Algerian Atlas , Taurus and Lebanon ).

It is absent in the Central European lowlands , in the low mountain ranges with limestone and in large areas in the eastern part of southern Germany, as well as in the Northern Limestone Alps and in the Central Alps ; otherwise it is very rare in Central Europe , but there it usually forms populations with a large number of individuals at its locations.

The fingered lark spur thrives best on slightly damp, light, loose, muddy, but low-lime clay soil . The fingered larkspur thrives in lowlands and at altitudes up to a maximum of 2000 meters. In Central Europe it thrives in light mixed deciduous forests, forest edges, bushes and also in warm riparian forests. It prefers partially shaded locations, where it often occurs in larger groups, which, however, are rarely stand-forming. It thrives in Central Europe especially in societies of the associations Carpinion, Fagion, Alliarion or the order Prunetalia, but it also occurs in the Geranio-Allietum of the association Fumario-Euphorbion.

This article or paragraph presents the situation in Germany . Help us to describe the situation in other countries.

The fingered larkspur is much rarer than the hollow larkspur . In Germany it is classified as "endangered" in the federal states of Saxony and Lower Saxony in the red list of threatened plant species . Overall, however, it is considered safe in Germany.

According to the ecological indicator values ​​according to Ellenberg , this shade plant indicates a warm temperate sea / continental transitional climate and evenly moist areas. The occurrence of the fingered larkspur suggests non-acidic, nitrogen-rich soils.

toxicology

The fingered lark spur contains poisonous alkaloids , especially in the tuber . There are about 20 different isoquinoline - alkaloids , which are medium to highly toxic. The most toxicologically significant alkaloid is (S) - bulbocapnine .

Systematics and subspecies

The fingered lark spur ( Corydalis solida ) can also be found in the literature under the synonyms Corydalis bulbosa , Fumaria bulbosa and Fumaria bulbosa var. Solida .

There are about seven subspecies of the fingered larkspur ( Corydalis solida ):

  • Corydalis solida subsp. solid
  • Corydalis solida subsp. laxa (Fries) Nordstedt , with predominant distribution in Sweden, is also regarded as a hybrid of Corydalis pumila × Corydalis solida .
  • Corydalis solida subsp. densiflora (C. Presl) Hayek , occurs only in southern Italy, Sicily and Algeria.
  • Corydalis solida subsp. incisa Lidén , occurs in the mountains of the Balkan Peninsula in Greece in the former Yugoslavia and in Albania. It has the chromosome number 2n = 16.
  • Corydalis solida subsp. oligantha (Trinajstić) Greuter & Burdet , occurs only on the island of Brač in Dalmatia.
  • Corydalis solida subsp. slivenensis (Velen.) Hayek , occurs in Bulgaria, the former Yugoslavia, Greece and the European part of Turkey.
  • Corydalis solida subsp. subremota Popov ex Lidén & Zetterlund , occurs in Siberia (Krasnoyarsk).

use

In Chinese medicine , fingered larkspur has been used as a pain reliever for more than 1000 years. The active ingredients of the tuber are indicated in naturopathy as antibacterial, calming, strengthening nerves, antispasmodic and hallucinogenic .

The fingered larkspur is occasionally used as an ornamental plant in gardens and parks. It also conquers difficult areas quickly. It needs nutrient-rich humus soils with mild moisture.

swell

  • Dietmar Aichele, Marianne Golte-Bechtle: What is blooming there? Wild flowering plants of Central Europe. 52nd edition. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3-440-05615-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv., Finger-Lerchensporn. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b Corydalis solida at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  3. ^ Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (ed.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 1: General Part, Special Part (Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta): Lycopodiaceae to Plumbaginaceae. 2nd, supplemented edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3322-9 .
  4. ↑ a b c d Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe. Volume 2: Yew plants to butterfly plants. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-440-06192-2 .
  5. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  428 .
  6. ↑ B. Bös: Das GIFTPFLANZEN.COMpendium , accessed February 2008
  7. ↑ a b Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen (ed.): Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of Vascular Plants in Europe. 9. Paeoniaceae to Capparaceae. Akateeminen Kirjakauppa, The Committee for Mapping the Flora of Europe & Societas Biologica Fennica Vanamo, Helsinki 1991, ISBN 951-9108-08-4 , pages 74-77.
  8. ↑ a b c Werner Greuter, Hervé-Maurice Burdet, Guy Long (eds.): Med Checklist. A critical inventory of vascular plants of the circum-Mediterranean countries . Vol. 4: Dicotyledones (Lauraceae - Rhamnaceae) . Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique, Genève 1989, ISBN 2-8277-0154-5 , pp. 272-273 . on-line.
  9. ^ Corydalis solida at Plants For A Future . Retrieved May 16, 2018.
  10. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Landscape Ecology at TU Berlin, page 6@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www2.tu-berlin.de

Web links

Commons : Fingered Larkspur ( Corydalis solida )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files