Struth (Rodeberg)

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Struth
community Rodeberg
Coordinates: 51 ° 13 ′ 23 ″  N , 10 ° 18 ′ 16 ″  E
Height : 476  (460-490)  m
Incorporation : June 30, 1994
Postal code : 99976
Area code : 036026
Struth seen from the south

Struth is a district of the municipality of Rodeberg in (southern) Eichsfeld . It is located in the Unstrut-Hainich district in Thuringia . The districts of Annaberg and Kloster Zella , which belong to Struth, were already reunited in 1966 from the municipality of Effelder to Struth. On June 30, 1994, Struth and Eigenrieden were united through a regional reform to form the new municipality of Rodeberg.

geography

Struth lies in the west of the Unstrut-Hainich district, about 12 km west of the district town of Mühlhausen . Struth is considered the highest settlement in the district and had major problems with the drinking water supply until the beginning of the 20th century. The highest point is the Rain mountain, 516  m above sea level. NN , over which the western boundary runs. The place itself lies in the middle of arable land and meadows relatively unprotected on the plateau. To the southwest this sinks into the "Zellaer Grund", named after the former Benedictine convent Zella, which the Frieda , a right tributary of the Werra, dug. Its source lies below Struth in the monastery grounds and is framed by wooded, relatively steep slopes. The yew trees, which are still found in large numbers at the Klosterschranne , form one of the largest populations of this tree species in Thuringia with over 1000 specimens.

history

Founding saga

The place Struth was founded according to local tradition by survivors of a village Hirsingerode , which is said to have been halfway between today's places Struth and Faulungen on the Steinerwald and which was destroyed during the invasions of the Hungarians or Wends . During the period in question during the reign of King Konrad I , several raids took place in Thuringia, with numerous legends and traditions being linked to the foray through Franconia and Thuringia in 912. Instead of the Hungarians, the reporters mostly named the Huns . The very conspicuous field name Katalaunische Felder immediately east of the former refugee castle in the neighboring village Eigenrieden could confirm this legend. In 451 there was a battle with the Huns in the Catalaunian fields in France .

First mention

The oldest document referring to the town of Struth was issued in 1273. It says that a knight Heinrich von Treffurt sold an imperial estate in Struth for 24 silver marks to the Zella monastery. According to the latest research, the certificate was already issued on September 15, 1273.

Zella Monastery

Only Struth and Effelder belonged directly to the Zella monastery . In the spring of 1525, the serf peasants used the confusion and weakness of the authorities to settle “old bills” with the monastery. On April 26, 1525, the monastery was stormed and looted by the insurgents. After the battle of Frankenhausen , a group of defeated rebels attacked Zella Monastery again and set fire to it, making the monastery uninhabitable for a long time.

Younger story

In the beginning of the 19th century, Struth was still a predominantly agricultural place. The introduction of linen weaving in the village improved the living conditions of the village population only to a minor extent, so the younger men tried to find work as migrant workers in the big cities. The revolution of 1848 in Struth was also linked to social and religiously motivated conflicts. The landowner of Annaberg had tried for selfish reasons to prevent the faithful from the surrounding parishes from visiting the pilgrimage site on the estate. He had made himself the target of the revolt and was "punished" for it by the angry villagers. The main perpetrators, identified weeks later by a commission of inquiry, were brought to justice. In 1849 they began their imprisonment in Halle / Saale. One of the leaders, the freight driver Joseph Schmerbauch, escaped arrest by fleeing to America. There he married and built a new life in New York. The family later moved to New York State, where Joseph died in 1867.

At the end of the 19th century, the mining of limestone blocks for buildings and monuments began in various forest locations near Oberdorla im Hainich. Following this example, the first quarries were built near Struth in 1897. First of all, gravel and paving stones were delivered for driving the country roads in Eichsfeld.

With the construction of the secondary railway lines through the Eichsfeld and the Hainich before the First World War, stone mining experienced a heyday. At the same time, molded cement blocks for the construction industry were produced using the latest manufacturing techniques. There were also house workers and stonemasons in the village who specialized in the production of agricultural necessities and in stone, stone pillars and tombstones. House stone products can still be found all over the Struther region today. The masonry trade also became important in the place, the employment statistics of the place from 1936 show 40 masons.

End of the war in 1945

From Küllstedt southwards, the only major counterattack by the German 11th Army in Thuringia took place on April 7, 1945 . Misjudging the actual balance of power, he had the goal of cutting off the US troops that had already moved into Mühlhausen and Langensalza. During this " Battle of Struth " a large part of the place was destroyed by artillery and fighter bombers , ground fighting and the burning of houses by the Americans. The local chronicle names 65 houses, 77 stables, 88 barns and the cigar factory. Numerous soldiers from both sides and 13 residents of the community were killed. The German attack got stuck in Struth. As a result of the destruction on April 7, 1945, apart from the church in Struth, only a few old buildings remained. Most of the residential and farm buildings in the village date from 1946 and after.

Culture and sights

Buildings

Church of St. James the Elder Ä. in Struth
Wayside shrine at the Jakobuskirche in Struth (2007)
  • One of the sights in the village is the late Baroque Catholic Church of St. James the Elder in the center of the village. This is followed by the cemetery. Also noteworthy are some statues in the entrance area of ​​the cemetery.
  • Immediately to the east, along the corridor border, runs the Mühlhausen Landgraben , a medieval fortification from the time of the imperial city of Mühlhausen.
  • The monastery mill , located directly next to the monastery complex on the road to Lengenfeld / Stein, was in operation until 1920. After 1930, a shallow water storage basin was set up as an outdoor pool next to the disused mill. Structural remains of the mill are currently in ruins.
  • There are numerous wayside shrines, prayer crosses, images of saints and stone crosses in the locality and corridor . They are evidence of the popular piety that is deeply rooted in Eichsfeld.
  • To the north of the village there is a wind farm with numerous rotors from a private wind turbine. They also serve as landmarks .

Natural monuments

  • One of the largest populations of yew trees in Thuringia is remarkable, the number is estimated at 1,000.
  • The spruce and linden trees at the Zella monastery are remarkable giant trees and natural monuments.

Associations and Traditions

Numerous clubs enrich village life in Struth. The fire brigade association with its own fire brigade chapel, the Kirmesburschenverein, the Struther Sankt Jakobus-Schützen, the Struther Carnevals-Verein and the mandolin orchestra "Eichsfeldia" Struth are important members and are important for the preservation of village culture and traditions. Traditions are the rifle festival with the rifle parade and the fair with the parade through the village.

Also very popular is the “Struther Schneegestöber”, an Advent market that Struthern has recently organized on the village green .

Others

As evidence of an often coarse folk humor, neck names and nicknames that characterize each village developed centuries ago . According to this, the Struith Suiputzen - Struther Strutzputzen - lived here in the village because of the gathering of dandelions as pig feed, etc. also known as chopping blocks.

literature

  • Vinzenz Hoppe: 150 years of St. Jakobus Church in Struth. Heiligenstadt 1950.
  • Günther Wiegand: Bibliography of the calibration field. Part 3: Local history and literature 1933–1978. Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel 1980, pp. 367-368.
  • Bertram Kieler: 200 years of the Church of St. Jakobus d. Ä. Struth. Struth 2000, 64 pages, 16 color, 75 black-and-white illustrations

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Thuringian ordinance on the dissolution and amalgamation of the municipalities of Struth and Eigenrieden of January 28, 1994 (GVBl p. 238).
  2. ↑ Information refer to the air as the crow flies.
  3. ^ Levin Freiherr von Wintzingeroda-Knorr : The desertions of the Eichsfeldes. Directory of the deserted areas, prehistoric ramparts, mines, courts of justice and waiting areas within the districts of Duderstadt (province of Hanover), Heiligenstadt, Mühlhausen (state and city) and Worbis (province of Saxony) (=  historical sources of the province of Saxony and adjacent areas . Volume 40 ). Hendel, 1903, ZDB -ID 985357-1 , p. 45 f., 355, 359, 406, 415, 473-475, 915 f . ( Digitized version ).
  4. ↑ Hans Atzrodt, Helmut Godehardt: The first documented mentions of the places Wintzingerode and Struth . In: Eichsfelder Heimathefte . tape 24 , issue 3, 1984, ISSN  0232-8518 , p. 249-251 .
  5. ↑ Klaus Leopold: Monastery Zella and its villages Effelder and Struth in the German Peasants' War . In: Eichsfelder Heimathefte . tape 27 , No. 1, 1987, pp. 15-23 .
  6. ^ Rolf Luhn: On the proceedings against the participants in the storming of the Zella monastery in 1848 . In: Eichsfelder Heimathefte . tape 26 , No. 4, 1986, pp. 295-306 .
  7. ^ Gabriele Sansom: From Struth to New York. On the trail of the Eichsfeld revolutionary Joseph Schmerbauch. In: Mühlhauser contributions. Issue 36, 2013, ZDB -ID 1125623-0 , pp. 83-94.
  8. ↑ Vinzenz Hoppe: The former stone industry on Hainich and Landgraben . In: Eichsfelder Heimathefte . tape 20 , No. 2, 1980, pp. 157-163 .
  9. ^ Eduard Fritze: The last days of the war in Eichsfeld and in the old district of Mühlhausen from April 3 to 10, 1945. Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza 2002, ISBN 3-936030-06-5 . Pp. 64, 67-69.
  10. ↑ Wolfgang Trappe: 50 years ago in April. War in Eichsfeld . In: Eichsfeld. Monthly magazine of the Eichsfeldes . tape 39 , issue 4, 1995, ZDB -ID 913387-2 , p. 89-96 .
  11. ^ Dierk Röbke: The Mühlhäuser Landgraben. The little hiking book. Printing and publishing house Mühlhausen GmbH., Mühlhausen 2002.
  12. ↑ Klostermühle. In: Volker Große, Klaus Herzberg: Mills in the Obereichsfeld. A compendium. Eichsfeld-Verlag, Heiligenstadt 2008, ISBN 978-3-935782-13-5 , pp. 316-317.
  13. ↑ Ewald Heerda: Discoveries in the Eichsfeld. Interesting facts from the woods and fields. Self-published by the author, Heiligenstadt 1993, pp. 24–27.
  14. ↑ Ewald Heerda: Discoveries in the Eichsfeld. Interesting facts from the woods and fields. Self-published by the author, Heiligenstadt 1993, p. 39.
  15. ↑ Rolf Aulepp: Nicknames of the places and their residents in the Mühlhausen district. In: Eichsfelder Heimathefte. Vol. 27, No. 1, 1987, ISSN  0232-8518 , pp. 78-83.

Web links

Commons : Struth (Eichsfeld)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files